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Eskandari P, Abousalman-Rezvani Z, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Salami-Kalajahi M. Polymer-functionalization of carbon nanotube by in situ conventional and controlled radical polymerizations. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 294:102471. [PMID: 34214841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of carbon nanotube (CNT) with polymers has drawn much attention due to its wide range of applications. Polymer-functionalized CNT could exhibit variety of properties, such as responsivity to environmental stimuli, ability of complexation with metal ions, increased dispersibility in different solvents, higher compatibility with polymer matrix, etc. Chemical and physical methods have been developed for the preparation of polymer-functionalized CNT. Polymer chains are chemically bonded to the CNT edge or surface in the chemical methods, which results in highly stable CNT/polymer composites. "Grafting to", "grafting from", and "grafting through" methods are the most common chemical methods for polymer-functionalization of CNT. In "grafting to" method, pre-fabricated polymer chains are coupled with the either functionalized or non-functionalized CNT. In "grafting from" and "grafting through" methods, CNT is functionalized by polymers simultaneously synthesized by in situ polymerization methods. Conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and also controlled radical polymerization (CRP) are the most promising methods for in situ tethering of polymer brushes onto the surface of CNT due to their control over the grafting density, thickness, and functionality of the polymer brushes. The main focus of this review is on the synthesis of polymer-functionalized CNT via both the "grafting from" and "grafting through" methods on the basis of FRP and CRP routs, which is commonly known as in situ polymerizations. Finally, the most important challenges and applications of the in situ polymer grafting methods are discussed, which could be interesting for the future works.
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Multifunctional properties of acetaminophen immobilized polymer nanohybrid composites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Murali A, Sampath S, Appukutti Achuthan B, Sakar M, Chandrasekaran S, Suthanthira Vanitha N, Joseph Bensingh R, Abdul Kader M, Jaisankar SN. Copper (0) Mediated Single Electron Transfer-Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate: Functionalized Graphene as a Convenient Tool for Radical Initiator. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E874. [PMID: 32290159 PMCID: PMC7240427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been synthesized by the covalent addition of bromide-functionalized graphene (Graphene-Br) through the single electron transfer-living radical polymerization technique (SET-LRP). Graphite functionalized with bromide for the first time via an efficient route using mild reagents has been designed to develop a graphene based radical initiator. The efficiency of sacrificial initiator (ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate) has also been compared with a graphene based initiator towards monitoring their Cu(0) mediated controlled molecular weight and morphological structures through mass spectroscopy (MOLDI-TOF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, respectively. The enhancement in thermal stability is observed for graphene-grafted-poly(methyl methacrylate) (G-g-PMMA) at 392 °C, which may be due to the influence ofthe covalent addition of graphene, whereas the sacrificial initiator used to synthesize G-graft-PMMA (S) has low thermal stability as analyzed by TGA. A significant difference is noticed on their glass transition and melting temperatures by DSC. The controlled formation and structural features of the polymer-functionalized-graphene is characterized by Raman, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR, and zeta potential measurements. The wettability measurements of the novel G-graft-PMMA on leather surface were found to be better in hydrophobic nature with a water contact angle of 109 ± 1°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610101, India;
| | - Boopathi Appukutti Achuthan
- Polymer Science and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; (B.A.A.); (S.N.J.)
| | - Mohan Sakar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | | | - N. Suthanthira Vanitha
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal 637408, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - R. Joseph Bensingh
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - M. Abdul Kader
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; (B.A.A.); (S.N.J.)
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Neelamegan H, Yang DK, Lee GJ, Anandan S, Sorrentino A, Wu JJ. Synthesis of Magnetite-Based Polymers as Mercury and Anion Sensors Using Single Electron Transfer-Living Radical Polymerization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7201-7210. [PMID: 32280860 PMCID: PMC7143427 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, hydrophilic polymers modified with iron oxide nanoparticles, such as iron oxide-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) [P(DMAEMA)] magnetite-based and iron oxide-poly(acrylamide) [P(AAm)] magnetite-based polymers, were prepared via a single electron transfer-living radical polymerization approach. Bile acid and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid were covalently attached onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and these immobilized magnetite nanoparticles were used as an initiator for the polymerization. The binding capabilities of different ions, such as Hg2+, CN-, Cl-, F-, and NO3 -, were tested using these polymeric sensors monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy. Magnetite-based P(DMAEMA) showed enhanced binding capability due to the presence of tertiary amine groups. In addition, it was possible to easily separate the bound ions from aqueous media using an external magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haridharan Neelamegan
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Der-Kang Yang
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Gang-Juan Lee
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials
& Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Institute
for Polymer, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), P.le Enrico Fermi 1, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Jerry J. Wu
- Department
of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
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Quintero-Jaime AF, Cazorla-Amorós D, Morallón E. Electrochemical functionalization of single wall carbon nanotubes with phosphorus and nitrogen species. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Krishna Prasad S, Baral M, Murali A, Jaisankar SN. Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Device: Lowered and Thermally Invariant Threshold with Accelerated Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:26622-26629. [PMID: 28727450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices comprise a polymer matrix in an otherwise continuous phase of liquid crystal. The fibrils of the polymer provide, even in the bulk, virtual surfaces with finite anchoring energy resulting in attractive electro-optic properties. Here, we describe a novel variation of the PSLC device fabricated by reinforcing the polymer matrix with polymer-capped single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The most important outcome of this strengthening of the polymer strands is that the threshold voltage associated with the electro-optic switching becomes essentially temperature independent in marked contrast to the significant thermal variation seen in the absence of the nanotubes. The reinforcement reduces the magnitude of the threshold voltage, and notably accelerates the switching dynamics and the effective splay elasticity. Each of these attributes is quite attractive from the device operation point of view, especially the circuit design of the required drivers. The amelioration is caused by the polymer decorating CNTs being structurally identical to that of the matrix. The resulting good compatibility between CNTs and the matrix prevents the CNTs from drifting away from the matrix polymer, a lacuna in previous attempts to have CNTs in PSLC systems. The difference in the morphology, perhaps the primary cause for the effects seen, is noted in the electron microscopy images of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560 013, India
| | - Marlin Baral
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560 013, India
| | - Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Sellamuthu N Jaisankar
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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Lin C, Liu D, Luo W, Liu Y, Zhu M, Li X, Liu M. Functionalization of chitosan via single electron transfer living radical polymerization in an ionic liquid and its antimicrobial activity. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of China; Qilu University of Technology; Jinan, Shandong 250353 China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University); Fujian Province University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Danhui Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Moshuqi Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Environment and Resources; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology (Fuzhou University); Fujian Province University; Fuzhou, Fujian 350108 China
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Murugan P, Krishnamurthy M, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D, Mandal AB. Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3212-43. [PMID: 25839067 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer functionalized surfaces are important components of various sensors, solar cells and molecular electronic devices. In this context, the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation and subsequent reactions on the surface have attracted a lot of interest due to its stability, reliability and excellent control over orientation of functional groups. The chemical reactions to be employed on a SAM must ensure an effective functional group conversion while the reaction conditions must be mild enough to retain the structural integrity. This synthetic constraint has no universal solution; specific strategies such as "graft from", "graft to", "graft through" or "direct" immobilization approaches are employed depending on the nature of the substrate, polymer and its area of applications. We have reviewed current developments in the methodology of immobilization of a polymer in the first part of the article. Special emphasis has been given to the merits and demerits of certain methods. Another issue concerns the utility - demonstrated or perceived - of conjugated or non-conjugated macromolecules anchored on a functionally decorated SAM in the areas of material science and biotechnology. In the last part of the review article, we looked at the collective research efforts towards SAM-based polymer devices and identified major pointers of progress (236 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murugan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
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