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Priya S, Murali A, Mohan S, Lakshminarayanan A, Sekar S, Ramesh R, Devendiran M, Han SS. In vitro anti-prostate adenocarcinoma and lung cancer studies of phenoxyaniline- block-poly(methyl methacrylate) based nanocomposites via controlled radical polymerization. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:5870-5879. [PMID: 37881709 PMCID: PMC10597550 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00644a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
A phenoxyaniline-based macroinitiator is utilized for the first time in order to produce phenoxyaniline-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) composites through single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) under mild conditions. A different weight percentage of Cloisite 93A is added into the polymer mixtures in order to increase their biochemical properties. The prepared block copolymer nanocomposites are characterized using ATR-IR, UV-vis-spectroscopy, XRD, Raman, TGA, DSC, a particle size analyzer, contact angle measurements and SEM in order to characterize their structural, thermal, surface and morphological properties. Further, the developed polymeric nanocomposites are successfully applied in two different cancer cell lines (prostate adenocarcinoma and lung cancer), which show excellent anticancer properties. Also, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) dual staining is performed, which causes drastic cell death by apoptosis in both A549 and PC-3 cell lines, which indicated that the prepared polymeric nanocomposites effectively inhibit the cell proliferation and induce the apoptosis in both the cancer cells. Here nanoclay is used for cancer treatment because of its complete water solubility, which essentially causes the formation of a cationic complex between the clay and drug through electrostatic interactions. Hence, the exchange of ions between the clay and other ions in the biological environment leads to inhibition of the proliferation of prostate adenocarcinoma and lung cancer cells in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahariya Priya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Adhigan Murali
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP)- ARSTPS, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Govt. of India Chennai 600032 India
| | - Sakar Mohan
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University Bangalore 562112 Karnataka India
| | - A Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Indira Medical College and Hospitals Tiruvallur Tamilnadu 631 203 India
| | - S Sekar
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals (SARP)- ARSTPS, Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Govt. of India Chennai 600032 India
| | - R Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama P.O. Box: 1888 Adama Ethiopia
| | - M Devendiran
- Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS) Pallavaram Chennai 117 India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
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Undamatla R, Fagunloye OG, Chen J, Edmunds LR, Murali A, Mills A, Xie B, Pangburn MM, Sipula I, Gibson G, St Croix C, Jurczak MJ. Reduced mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD and liver-specific PARKIN knockout hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7575. [PMID: 37165006 PMCID: PMC10172344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in mitochondrial function are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly in the transition from steatosis to NASH. Mitophagy is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism that allows for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell via the autophagy pathway. While past work demonstrated a negative association between liver fat content and rates of mitophagy, when changes in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD and whether such changes contribute to the primary endpoints associated with the disease are currently poorly defined. We therefore undertook the studies described here to establish when alterations in mitophagy occur during the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as well as to determine the effects of genetic inhibition of mitophagy via conditional deletion of a key mitophagy regulator, PARKIN, on the development of steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation and fibrosis. We find that loss of mitophagy occurs early in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and that loss of PARKIN accelerates the onset of key NAFLD disease features. These observations suggest that loss of mitochondrial quality control in response to nutritional stress may contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Undamatla
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - O G Fagunloye
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - J Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - L R Edmunds
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Murali
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - A Mills
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - B Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - M M Pangburn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - I Sipula
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - G Gibson
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, BST W1060, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Murali A, Giri V, Cameron H, Sperber S, Kamp H, Haake V, Walk T, Rietjens I, van Ravenzwaay B. The safety of artificial sweeteners examined by an integrated metabolomics and gut bacterial profiling approach of Acesulfame K and Saccharin treated Wistar rats. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Priya S, Murali A, Preeth DR, Dharanibalaji KC, Jeyajothi G. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle-embedded poly(methyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) copolymer for fungal-free leathers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03714-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Rajappa S, Bajpai J, Basade M, Ganvir M, Goswami C, Murali A, Rathi AK, Kaushal V, Jain S, Parikh PM, Aggarwal S. Practical consensus recommendations regarding the use of hormonal therapy in metastatic breast cancer. South Asian J Cancer 2020; 7:137-141. [PMID: 29721481 PMCID: PMC5909292 DOI: 10.4103/sajc.sajc_121_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is cancer that has spread from the breast to another part of the body or has come back in another distant location. Treatment options for MBC depend on several factors. One of these factors is the levels of hormone receptors (HRs) in the tumor. Cancers with high levels of HRs, called HR-positive, use the hormones estrogen and progesterone to grow and spread. Hormonal therapy is a type of treatment specifically for HR-positive breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of hormonal therapy and the management of HR-positive MBC for the benefit of community oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Rajappa
- Department of Medical Oncology, IACH, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - J Bajpai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Basade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Ganvir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - C Goswami
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - A Murali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | - A K Rathi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | - V Kaushal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MAMC, New Delhi, India
| | - S Jain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RCC, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Purvish M Parikh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ludhiana Medicity Hospital, Ludhinana, Punjab, India
| | - S Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Murali A, Sampath S, Appukutti Achuthan B, Sakar M, Chandrasekaran S, Suthanthira Vanitha N, Joseph Bensingh R, Abdul Kader M, Jaisankar SN. Copper (0) Mediated Single Electron Transfer-Living Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate: Functionalized Graphene as a Convenient Tool for Radical Initiator. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E874. [PMID: 32290159 PMCID: PMC7240427 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites have been synthesized by the covalent addition of bromide-functionalized graphene (Graphene-Br) through the single electron transfer-living radical polymerization technique (SET-LRP). Graphite functionalized with bromide for the first time via an efficient route using mild reagents has been designed to develop a graphene based radical initiator. The efficiency of sacrificial initiator (ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate) has also been compared with a graphene based initiator towards monitoring their Cu(0) mediated controlled molecular weight and morphological structures through mass spectroscopy (MOLDI-TOF) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, respectively. The enhancement in thermal stability is observed for graphene-grafted-poly(methyl methacrylate) (G-g-PMMA) at 392 °C, which may be due to the influence ofthe covalent addition of graphene, whereas the sacrificial initiator used to synthesize G-graft-PMMA (S) has low thermal stability as analyzed by TGA. A significant difference is noticed on their glass transition and melting temperatures by DSC. The controlled formation and structural features of the polymer-functionalized-graphene is characterized by Raman, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, NMR, and zeta potential measurements. The wettability measurements of the novel G-graft-PMMA on leather surface were found to be better in hydrophobic nature with a water contact angle of 109 ± 1°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Srinivasan Sampath
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610101, India;
| | - Boopathi Appukutti Achuthan
- Polymer Science and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; (B.A.A.); (S.N.J.)
| | - Mohan Sakar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | | | - N. Suthanthira Vanitha
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Muthayammal Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal 637408, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - R. Joseph Bensingh
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - M. Abdul Kader
- School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)-Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation (ARSTPS), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India, Chennai 600032, India; (R.J.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science and Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, India; (B.A.A.); (S.N.J.)
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Palanivel H, Easwaran M, Meena A, Chandrasekaran S, Abdul Kader M, Murali A. Structural dynamics and modeling of curcin protein: docking against pterin derivatives. SN Appl Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0752-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Rashmi M, Meena H, Meena C, Kushveer JS, Busi S, Murali A, Sarma VV. Anti-quorum sensing and antibiofilm potential of Alternaria alternata, a foliar endophyte of Carica papaya, evidenced by QS assays and in-silico analysis. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:998-1012. [PMID: 30227935 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata, colonizing Carica papaya, demonstrated antiquorum sensing properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study reports the antagonistic effects of fungal crude extract of A. alternata against the various quorum sensing (QS) associated virulent factors such as percentage decrease in production of pyocyanin, alginate, chitinase and rhamnolipid; significant decrease in proteases activity such as LasA protease activity, staphylolytic activity, Las B elastase; and a marked decrease in biofilm formation and associated factors such as exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH). Further, motility pattern i.e., swimming and swarming was also found to be inhibited. This down regulation of QS and associated factors are further supported by in-silico analysis of interaction between QS receptor LasR and bioactive molecules viz., sulfurous acid, 2-propyl tridecyl ester and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester present in fungal crude extract, found based on GCMS analysis, sketches the modulating ability of QS expression. This is the first report on an endophytic fungus of C. papaya having a role in QS inhibition against P. aeruginosa and lays a platform to explore further the endophytes for potent therapeutic agents in QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Himani Meena
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Chetan Meena
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - J S Kushveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - A Murali
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India
| | - V V Sarma
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014, India.
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Murali A, Haridharan N, Babu PS, Jayaveni S, Jaisankar SN. Synthesis of Fluorophore Decorated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for In-Vitro Cytocompatibility. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:959-966. [PMID: 29448520 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report rhodamine based fluorophore derivative for the stable dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), which can afford better fluorescent label to carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The nanotubes-fluorophore conjugates are helpful in achieving stable dispersion in polar and non-polar solvents with intense fluorescence. The product was characterized through NMR, Mass spectrometry, Raman, XPS, SEM, AFM and Fluorescence measurements. The formation of SWCNT-g- Rhodamine was confirmed by the presence of D and G bands in Raman spectrum. The alkyl and aryl groups in the range of 14.8, 17.6, 38.1 and 96.3 ppm confirms the grafting of the nanocomposite through NMR. The morphological studies were carried out intensively for analyzing SWCNTs stable dispersion and the results from EDAX measurements shows the elements weight% of C: 35.09 and N: 30.1 concludes that SWCNTs are completely grafted onto rhodamine derivatives. The application of SWCNTs fluorophore conjugates were analyzed by cell viability studies using MTT assay and exhibits less toxic compare to other functionalized CNTs. The viability of percentage increases with decrease in the concentration of SWCNT-COCl with 91.7% of live cells even after 24 h at a concentration of 250 μg for SWCNT-g-Rhodamine. The fluorescent images obtained during viability analysis shows enhanced fluorescence for living cells in case of SWCNT-g-Rhodamine compared to SWCNT-COCl, which clearly shows the utility of decorating nanotubes with fluorophore. This research work further extends its application for molecular sensing and other biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Neelamegan Haridharan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pombala Suresh Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivalingam Jayaveni
- Department of Biotechnology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sellamuthu N Jaisankar
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramkumar SC, Murali A, Preethi G, Chandrasekaran B, Saravanan P, Jaisankar SN. Polycarbodiimide and polyurethane cross-linkers for leather finishing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.24264/lfj.17.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel C, Andrzejewski S, Dhungel B, Steel J, Layton C. The 8-fold quadrant dissection method for ex vivo human interventional retinal experimentation. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Murali
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Ramlogan-Steel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - S. Andrzejewski
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - B. Dhungel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Liver Cancer Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - J. Steel
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Liver Cancer Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Layton
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Ophthalmology Research Unit; Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; Greenslopes Australia
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Layton C, Dhungel B, Andrzejewski S, Jayachandran A, Murali A, Ramlogan-Steel C, Steel J. Gene therapy targeting of choroidal disease and AAV transcytosis through the outer blood retina barrier epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Layton
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - B. Dhungel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - S. Andrzejewski
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - A. Jayachandran
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - A. Murali
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - C. Ramlogan-Steel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
| | - J. Steel
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute; University of Queensland; Greenslopes Australia
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Krishna Prasad S, Baral M, Murali A, Jaisankar SN. Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Polymer-Stabilized Liquid Crystal Device: Lowered and Thermally Invariant Threshold with Accelerated Dynamics. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:26622-26629. [PMID: 28727450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices comprise a polymer matrix in an otherwise continuous phase of liquid crystal. The fibrils of the polymer provide, even in the bulk, virtual surfaces with finite anchoring energy resulting in attractive electro-optic properties. Here, we describe a novel variation of the PSLC device fabricated by reinforcing the polymer matrix with polymer-capped single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The most important outcome of this strengthening of the polymer strands is that the threshold voltage associated with the electro-optic switching becomes essentially temperature independent in marked contrast to the significant thermal variation seen in the absence of the nanotubes. The reinforcement reduces the magnitude of the threshold voltage, and notably accelerates the switching dynamics and the effective splay elasticity. Each of these attributes is quite attractive from the device operation point of view, especially the circuit design of the required drivers. The amelioration is caused by the polymer decorating CNTs being structurally identical to that of the matrix. The resulting good compatibility between CNTs and the matrix prevents the CNTs from drifting away from the matrix polymer, a lacuna in previous attempts to have CNTs in PSLC systems. The difference in the morphology, perhaps the primary cause for the effects seen, is noted in the electron microscopy images of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishna Prasad
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560 013, India
| | - Marlin Baral
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences , Jalahalli, Bengaluru 560 013, India
| | - Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Sellamuthu N Jaisankar
- Polymer Science & Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI) , Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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Prakash D, Murali A, Jaisankar SN. Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich azo-linked conjugated polymer materials. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1324389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanasekaran Prakash
- Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Science and Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India
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George TJ, Ratnakar K, Thangavelu P, Mohamed KS, Premkumar K, Murali A. Interesting cause of massive small-bowel bleed in a tropical country. VideoGIE 2017; 2:27-28. [PMID: 29905241 PMCID: PMC5990427 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Radhakrishnan V, Murali A, Mishra S. Inadvertent intramuscular administration of vincristine in two pediatric patients with uneventful outcomes. Indian J Cancer 2016; 53:303. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.197731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Singh V, Borkotoky S, Murali A, Rao JL, Rao TKG, Dhoble SJ. Electron paramagnetic resonance and photoluminescence investigation on ultraviolet-emitting gadolinium-ion-doped CaAl₁₂O₁₉ phosphors. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 139:1-6. [PMID: 25546490 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gadolinium doped CaAl12O19 phosphor has been prepared by a low temperature solution combustion method in a short time and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analysis of X-ray mapping, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. EPR and optical analysis of the sample confirm the presence of Gd(3+) in the CaAl12O19 matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - S Borkotoky
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - A Murali
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - J L Rao
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - T K Gundu Rao
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - S J Dhoble
- Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
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Murali A, Gurusamy-Thangavelu SA, Jaisankar SN, Mandal AB. Enhancement of the physicochemical properties of polyurethane–perovskite nanocomposites via addition of nickel titanate nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17922j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite is integrated by in situ addition with polyurethane (PU) to form unprecedented nanocomposite films (~1.5 mm). Trace amount of NiTiO3 NPs (0.5 wt%) has been added to enhance the physicochemical, electrical, optical and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Senthil A. Gurusamy-Thangavelu
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI)
- Chennai-600 020
- India
- Chemical Laboratory
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Jaisankar SN, Haridharan N, Murali A, Sergii P, Špírková M, Mandal AB, Matějka L. Single-electron transfer living radical copolymerization of SWCNT-g-PMMA via graft from approach. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Murali A, Maue RA, Dolph PJ. Reversible symptoms and clearance of mutant prion protein in an inducible model of a genetic prion disease in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 67:71-8. [PMID: 24686303 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are progressive disorders that affect the central nervous system leading to memory loss, personality changes, ataxia and neurodegeneration. In humans, these disorders include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, kuru and Gerstmann-Straüssler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome, the latter being a dominantly inherited prion disease associated with missense mutations in the gene that codes for the prion protein. The exact mechanism by which mutant prion proteins affect the central nervous system and cause neurological disease is not well understood. We have generated an inducible model of GSS disease in Drosophila melanogaster by temporally expressing a misfolded form of the murine prion protein in cholinergic neurons. Flies accumulating this mutant protein develop motor abnormalities which are associated with electrophysiological defects in cholinergic neurons. We find that, upon blocking the expression of the mutant protein, both behavioral and electrophysiological defects can be reversed. This represents the first case of reversibility reported in a model of genetic prion disease. Additionally, we observe that endogenous mechanisms exist within Drosophila that are capable of clearing the accumulated prion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - R A Maue
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - P J Dolph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Murali A, Gurusamy-Thangavelu SA, Jaisankar SN, Mandal AB. Augmentation of properties on sparingly loaded nanocomposites via functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes using a covalent approach. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07636b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites are developed, for the first time, as transparent film by covalent addition of [OH]n–SWCNTs with PU via an efficient route. PU nanocomposites, which were augmented, show enhanced mechanical, thermal and conductivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhigan Murali
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600 020, India
| | | | - Sellamuthu N. Jaisankar
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600 020, India
| | - Asit Baran Mandal
- Polymer Division
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI
- Chennai-600 020, India
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Murali A, Narasimhalu CRV, Madhavan M, Sujithkumar S. Kikuchi's disease: an uncommon cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. J Indian Med Assoc 2014; 112:51-53. [PMID: 25935953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Kikuchi Fujimoto's disease is a benign self limiting disorder presenting with localised cervical lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss and night sweats. It is a rare disease with worldwide distribution but commonly reported from Asia. It is diagnosed by excision biopsy of the lymph nodes. Clinical features suggest a viral aetiology though not proven. It is often misdiagnosed as either systemic lupus erythematosus or malignant lymphoma. Better understanding as well as high clinical suspicion would aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Treatment is mainly symptomatic, with non-steroidal analgesics and antipyretics. Corticosteroids are rarely indicated. Although patients show a spontaneous recovery in 1-4 months, a follow-up of several years would be required to study the development of SLE in these patients.
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Selvaganesh M, Murali A, Mookambik RV, Jayachandran K. Hypokalaemic paralysis and normocalcaemic tetany--a rare presentation of Sjogren's syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:818-820. [PMID: 24974497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
38 year old woman was admitted with acute onset of quadriplegia. Biochemical investigation revealed severe hypokalaemia with hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis, alkaline urine, and positive urinary anion gap which are the hallmark of distal tubular acidosis. In addition she also had hypophosphataemia, normoglycaemic glycosuria, aminoaciduria, and hyperphosphaturia suggestive of proximal tubular dysfunction. Further evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Interestingly our patient also had carpopedal spasm despite normal calcium and magnesium level. Quadriplegia and carpopedal spasm improved with correction of hypokalaemia and acidosis. Proximal tubular abnormalities (except albuminuria) were normalised at the time of discharge. Distal tubular acidosis is a well known renal manifestation of Sjogren's syndrome. But this type of transient proximal tubular dysfunction with distal tubular acidosis in Sjogren's syndrome is very rare and hypokalaemic tetany also deserves mention.
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Meeran M, Murali A, Balakrishnan R, Narasimhan D. "Herbal remedy is natural and safe"--truth or myth? J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:848-850. [PMID: 24974507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neem oil is often used externally as a traditional medicine in India. Its ingestion, even in small doses produces toxic effects like severe metabolic acidosis, seizures, renal failure and encephalopathy. Management is supportive and prognosis is generally good but fatalities may occur. Herein we report an unusual case of neem oil toxicity in a previously normal adult.
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Murali A, Narasimhan D, Krishnaveni J, Rajendiran G. Protein losing enteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Assoc Physicians India 2013; 61:747-749. [PMID: 24772735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic immunologic disorder that may affect multiple organ systems and present with myriad of clinical features. Gastro-intestinal (GI) manifestations are oral ulcers, dysphagia and abdominal pain caused by autoimmune peritonitis/intestinal vasculitis. Hypoalbuminaemia due to GI loss is uncommon. Protein losing enteropathy (PLE) is a group of clinical entities where there is loss of protein through GI tract. PLE due to SLE is rare but it can be the initial manifestation. Patients usually present with pedal oedema mimicking nephrotic syndrome clinically. It is diagnosed by excluding other causes of hypoalbuminaemia. Radio nucleotide labelled albumin scan is useful in confirming albumin loss through GI tract. Often there is a good response to corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Here we present two SLE patients whose presenting manifestation was protein losing enteropathy and both improved with corticosteroids.
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Samanta D, Murali A, A JP, Nagaraju P, Ramesh R, Mitra T, Gnanamani A, Jaisankar SN, Mohan R, Alam MS, Mandal AB. Chromium-assisted immobilization of N-isopropylacrylamide-based methacrylic acid copolymers on collagen and leather surfaces: thermo-responsive behaviour. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Seeni Meera KM, Murali Sankar R, Murali A, Jaisankar SN, Mandal AB. Sol–gel network silica/modified montmorillonite clay hybrid nanocomposites for hydrophobic surface coatings. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 90:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sankar RM, Meera KMS, Samanta D, Murali A, Jithendra P, Baran Mandal A, Jaisankar SN. The reinforced hydrogel for drug loading: immobilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes in cross-linked polymers via multiple interactions. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra22483f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Murali A, Balu K, Paari V, Rajendiran G. Atrial flutter and pericarditis--a rare complication of right lobe amoebic liver abscess. Med J Malaysia 2011; 66:499-500. [PMID: 22390111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A 38 year old gentleman presented with fever and right hypochondrial pain. On further evaluation he was detected to have an amoebic liver abscess (ALA) in the right lobe of the liver. The abscess yielded anchovy sauce pus on percutaneous drainage. Following the percutaneous drainage the patient developed tachycardia. Electrocardiogram revealed atrial flutter with rapid ventricular rate and ST elevation in all leads suggestive of pericarditis. The atrial flutter was reverted to sinus rhythm by cardioversion. The patient then had an uncomplicated convalescence. Amoebic pericarditis, though rare, is a serious complication of amoebic liver abscess. Pericardial complications are usually seen with left lobe liver abscess due to its proximity. Both pericarditis and cardiac arrhythmias due to amoebic liver abscess especially from right lobe are very rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murali
- PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
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30
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Murali A, Rajendiran G, Ranganathan K. Bald aortic arch in Takayasu arteritis. Postgrad Med J 2011; 87:322. [DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2010.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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Murali A, Rajendiran G, Ranganathan K, Shanthakumari S. Disseminated infection with Strongyloides stercoralis in a diabetic patient. Indian J Med Microbiol 2011; 28:407-8. [PMID: 20966585 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.71854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A 58-year-old male diabetic who was operated for carcinoma larynx 4 years back was admitted with exertional dyspnoea and bilateral leg swelling for the past 2 years. Over the last 2 months, there was a progressive worsening of symptoms. Echocardiography done 2 years back showed pericardial effusion. Echo done during the current admission also showed pericardial effusion with preserved left ventricular function; cytological examination of the pericardial fluid showed larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis. He was treated with antinematodal drugs. A follow-up echo done at discharge showed no pericardial effusion and the patient was completely asymptomatic. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Strongyloides pericardial effusion in a diabetic patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Murali
- PSG Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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32
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Murali A, Sujithkumar S, Srinivasan N, Kannan R. Reversible cardiomyopathy due to doxorubicin. Natl Med J India 2010; 23:377-378. [PMID: 21563339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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33
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Narasimhalu CRV, Murali A, Kannan R, Srinivasan N. Blister beetle dermatitis. J Indian Med Assoc 2010; 108:781-782. [PMID: 21510580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Blister beetle dermatitis or paederus dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis due to accidental crush of insects belonging to paederus family on the skin. The characteristic features of blister beetle dermatitis are linear erythematous itchy vesicles over the exposed parts of body and kissing lesions. This condition is commonly seen during or after rainy season. The treatment is removal of irritant by gentle washing and topical steroids. It is often misdiagnosed and causes significant morbidity among the rural population.
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Murugavel KG, Mathews S, Jayanthi V, Shankar EM, Hari R, Surendran R, Vengatesan A, Raghuram K, Rajasambandam P, Murali A, Srinivas U, Palaniswamy KR, Pugazhendhi T, Thyagarajan SP. Alpha-fetoprotein as a tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma: investigations in south Indian subjects with hepatotropic virus and aflatoxin etiologies. Int J Infect Dis 2008; 12:e71-6. [PMID: 18658001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is reportedly the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in India, where hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated HCC is believed to be relatively less prevalent. We verified the usefulness of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as a tumor marker and analyzed the influence of viral etiology on AFP levels in HCC. METHODS Of a total of 1012 cases with liver disease, 202 were investigated for the presence of AFP (142 HCC cases, 30 cirrhosis cases, and 30 chronic liver disease (CLD) cases). In addition, serum samples from 30 healthy patients, 30 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, and 30 acute viral hepatitis cases were included as controls. AFP was quantitatively determined using a commercial ELISA (Quorum Diagnostics, Canada). Out of the 142 HCC cases screened for AFP, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection was carried out in 38 HCC cases using an in-house immunoperoxidase test. RESULTS In HBV and HCV co-infected HCC cases, the AFP positivity was 85.7%. In HBV alone-associated HCC, the positivity was 62.9%, and 54.5% of AFB1 positive HCC cases showed AFP positivity. In HBV and HCV negative HCC cases, the positivity was 20.5%, and in HCV-associated HCC it was 17.6%. The HBV/HCV co-infected group and HBV alone positive HCC cases had significantly elevated levels of AFP. When AFP positivity was analyzed based on the marker profile of HBV, 89.7% of AFP positive cases were HBV-DNA positive. CONCLUSIONS The overall positivity pattern of AFP in HCC does indicate that higher levels of AFP are observed with hepatitis virus positivity, especially with HBV. Further studies must be carried out to correlate the serum levels of AFP with the size, number, and degree of differentiation of HCC nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailapuri G Murugavel
- Infectious Diseases Laboratory, YRG Centre for AIDS Research & Education, VHS Hospital Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
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Prabhu PR, Cherian JV, Varghese SJ, Gunaseelan K, Murali A, Jayanthi V. Inguinal metastasis in gastric cancer-a path less trodden. Gastrointest Cancer Res 2008; 2:102-3. [PMID: 19259303 PMCID: PMC2630826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Rajesh Prabhu
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - Jijo V. Cherian
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - S. Joye Varghese
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | - A. Murali
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - V. Jayanthi
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, India
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Murugavel KG, Naranatt PP, Shankar EM, Mathews S, Raghuram K, Rajasambandam P, Jayanthi V, Surendran R, Murali A, Srinivas U, Palaniswamy KR, Srikumari D, Thyagarajan SP. Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in liver biopsies of proven hepatocellular carcinoma in India determined by an in-house immunoperoxidase test. J Med Microbiol 2008; 56:1455-1459. [PMID: 17965344 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.47151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. The incidence of HCC in India is reportedly low and varies from 0.2 to 1.9 %. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are potent human carcinogens implicated in HCC. The prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as co-carcinogen was analysed using an in-house immunoperoxidase test in 31 liver biopsies and 7 liver-resection specimens from histopathologically proven HCC, and in 15 liver biopsies from cirrhosis patients (control group). Serum was tested for hepatitis B and C serological markers using commercial assays, and for AFB1 using an in-house ELISA with a sensitivity of approximately 1 ng ml(-1) for AFB1. In spite of positive AFB1 immunostaining in HCC cases, all serum specimens, from both HCC and the control groups, were AFB1-negative. There were 18 (58.1 %) HCC cases that revealed AFB1 in liver biopsies; 68.8 % (n=11) of non-B non-C hepatitis cases with HCC and 46.1 % (n=6) of the hepatitis B surface-antigen-positive subjects were positive for AFB1. Out of the two hepatitis B/hepatitis C virus co-infected cases, one was positive for AFB1. Of seven tumour-resection samples, six were positive for AFB1. Only one case revealed AFB1 in the non-tumour area of the resected material. Thus AFB1 staining was significantly associated with tumour tissue (P=0.03). Aflatoxins proved to have a significant association with HCC in this peninsular part of the subcontinent. The impact seems to be a cumulative process, as revealed by the AFB1 deposits in HCC liver tissue, even though the serum levels were undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Murugavel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - P P Naranatt
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - E M Shankar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
| | - S Mathews
- Medical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government General Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - K Raghuram
- Medical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government General Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - P Rajasambandam
- Medical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government General Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - V Jayanthi
- Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - R Surendran
- Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - A Murali
- Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - U Srinivas
- Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - K R Palaniswamy
- Medical and Surgical Gastroenterology Unit of the Government Stanley Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 001, India
| | - D Srikumari
- Government Kilpauk Medical College and Hospital, Chennai 600 029, India
| | - S P Thyagarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600 113, India
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Rajesh N, Murali A, Varghese SJ, Jijo V C, Jayanthi V. Common bile duct: a retreat for ascariasis! Ann Hepatol 2006; 5:115. [PMID: 16807518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Rajesh
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College Hospital, Chennai, India
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Cherian JV, Murali A, Vardarajan R, Joye Varghese S, Jayanthi V. An unusual cause of overt gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2006; 15:321-2. [PMID: 17013461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
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Nagarajan NS, Murugesh N, Thirupathy Kumaresan P, Radha N, Murali A. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipemic effects of Clemeo felina. Fitoterapia 2005; 76:310-5. [PMID: 15885927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2005.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Petroleum ether and benzene extracts of Clemeo felina, given orally at doses of 300 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 30 days, were found to be antidiabetic and antihyperlipemic on alloxan diabetic rats. Moreover, a significant decrease in the activities of serum enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and HMGCoA reductase activity in the liver was observed. However, treatment of rats with the extracts as well as standard antidiabetic drugs increased liver hexakinase activity and serum LDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Gandhigram Rural Institute, Deemed University, Gandhigram 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India.
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40
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Mohan KV, Murugavel KG, Mathews S, Raghuram K, Rajasambandam P, Murali A, Srinivas U, Palaniswamy KR, Panda SK, Thyagarajan SP. Diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection by ELISA, RIBA and RT-PCR: a comparative evaluation. Indian J Gastroenterol 1999; 18:73-5. [PMID: 10319537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of second-generation ELISA (ELISA-2), third-generation ELISA (ELISA-3) and third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA 3.0) for detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) in comparison with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect HCV RNA for the diagnosis of hepatitis C. METHODS Sera of 108 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) were analyzed by ELISA-2, ELISA-3, RIBA 3.0 and RT-PCR in the first part of the study; in the second part, sera of 105 patients with non-chronic liver disease were evaluated with ELISA-3, RIBA 3.0 and RT-PCR. RESULTS In the CLD group, anti-HCV was positive in 4.6%, 14.8% and 16.6% by ELISA-2, ELISA-3 and RIBA 3.0, respectively. Among these anti-HCV positive cases, HCV RNA was positive in 100%, 58.9% and 64%, respectively. ELISA-2 did not give false-positive results, but missed substantial number of anti-HCV positive cases (p < 0.001). In the second group, anti-HCV was positive in 76.3% by ELISA-3 and 68.6% by RIBA 3.0 (p:ns). HCV-RNA was positive in 88.7% of ELISA- and RIBA-positive cases; in 60% of ELISA-positive, RIBA-indeterminate cases; and in 46.4% of ELISA-negative, RIBA-negative cases. CONCLUSIONS ELISA-2 is not a suitable assay for routine screening. ELISA-3 was at par with RIBA 3.0 and it can be recommended for routine screening for anti-HCV. RT-PCR for HCV is of value in detecting early viremic, anti-HCV negative cases; this may be of importance in the treatment of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Mohan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr ALMPGIBMS, Taramani, Chennai
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Boghaert E, Murali A, Robertson D, Jacob R, Zimmer S. Inhibition of invasion in vitro and stimulation of aggregation by 13-cis retinoic acid correlates with the clustering of N-CAM in c-Ha-ras transformed glial cells. Int J Oncol 1996; 9:1175-82. [PMID: 21541625 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.9.6.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion distinguishes malignant from benign primary brain tumors. The molecular mechanisms which permit malignant brain tumor cells to escape from the primary tumor mass and by which they can migrate through normal brain tissue are largely unknown. 13-cis retinoic acid (cRA) can induce morphological, biochemical and functional differentiation characteristics in various malignant tumors. Upon treatment of diffusely invasive hamster glial cells (CxT24neo3) with 30 mu M cRA, we found a significant reduction in cell proliferation in monolayer and spheroid cultures. cRA also inhibits invasion of CxT24neo3 through a reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel(R)) in a dose dependent manner. Homotypic cell-cell adhesion, on the contrary, is stimulated in the absence of extracellular Ca++ by either treatment or pretreatment of CxT24neo3 with cRA. These phenotypic changes correlate with the induction of the clustering of the neural cell adhesion molecule: N-CAM at sites of cell-cell contact. This phenomenon is observed following immunohistochemical staining for N-CAM of CxT24neo3 cells that were treated with cRA in monolayer cultures. The relationship between reduction of proliferation and invasion in vitro and the increased homotypic cell-cell adhesion with clustering of N-CAM implicates N-CAM as a molecular effector molecule for reduction of malignancy by cRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Boghaert
- UNIV KENTUCKY,DEPT MICROBIOL & IMMUNOL,LUCILLE PARKER MARKEY CANC CTR,LEXINGTON,KY 40536
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