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Romeo D, Clement P, Wick P. Release and toxicity assessment of carbon nanomaterial reinforced polymers during the use and end-of-life phases: A comparative review. NANOIMPACT 2023; 31:100477. [PMID: 37499755 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2023.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The research on carbon-based nanomaterial (C-NM) composites has increased in the last two decades. This family of functional materials shows outstanding mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, and are being used in a variety of applications. An important challenge remains before C-NM can be fully integrated in our production industries and our lives: to assess the release of debris during production, use, and misuse of composites and the effect they may have on the environment and on human health. During their lifecycle, composites materials can be subjected to a variety of stresses which may release particles from the macroscopic range to the nanoscale. In this review, the release of debris due to abrasion, weathering and combustion as well as their toxicity is evaluated for the three most used C-NM: Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-related materials. The goal is to stimulate a Safe-By-Design approach by guiding the selection of carbon nano-fillers for specific applications based of safety and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daina Romeo
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Clement
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
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2
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Jia M, Bai H, Liu N, Hao L, He P, Fan Z, Liu J, Niu R, Gong J, Tang T. Upcycling Waste Polyethylene into Carbon Nanomaterial Via A Carbon-Grown-On-Carbon Strategy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2100835. [PMID: 35032138 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upcycling waste plastics (e.g., polyethylene (PE)) into value-added carbon products is regarded as a promising approach to address the increasingly serious waste plastic pollution and simultaneously achieve carbon neutrality. However, developing new carbonization technology routes to promote the oxidation of PE at low temperature and construct the stable crosslinking network remains challenging. Here, we propose a facile carbon-grown-on-carbon strategy using carbon black (CB) to convert waste PE into core/shell carbon nanoparticles (CN) in high yields at low temperature. The yield of CN remarkably rises when the heating temperature decreases or the dosage of CB grows. The obtained CN displays turbostratic structure and closely aggregated granular morphology with a size of ca. 80 nm. It is found, prior to the oxidation and carbonization of PE, CB forms a 3D network architecture in the PE matrix. More importantly, CB not only catalyzes the partial oxidation of PE to form PE macromolecular radicals and introduce oxygen-containing groups at low temperature in the early stage, but also favors for the construction of a stable crosslinking network in the latter stage. This work offers a facile sustainable strategy for chemical upcycling of PE into value-added carbon products without post-treatments or usage of metallic catalysts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Jia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huiying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Panpan He
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zifen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Ran Niu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Semiconductor Chemistry Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
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Shi W, Ma Z, Mu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Dong Z, Wang S, Bai M, Teng Z. Interfacial self-propagation of oleophilic vaterite in crude oil emulsion and its application for reinforcing polyethylene. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Silva LN, dos Anjos EGR, Morgado GFDM, Marini J, Backes EH, Montagna LS, Passador FR. Development of antistatic packaging of polyamide 6/linear low-density polyethylene blends-based carbon black composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Preparation of LDHs Based on Bittern and Its Flame Retardant Properties in EVA/LDHs Composites. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/4682164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bittern, as a byproduct of salt manufacture, is abundant in China. The researches and developments for seawater bittern have mainly focused on the reuse of magnesium, calcium, lithium, and boron. However, the utilization rate is less than 20%. The large amount of unused bittern has become a challenge that attracts much attention in academic and industry areas. In this paper, three kinds of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized from bittern using a coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD results showed that the three kinds of LDHs(MgAl-LDHs, MgFe-LDHs and MgAlFe-LDHs) were successfully synthesized. Then, the flame retardant properties and thermal properties of the three LDHs in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/LDHs composites had been tested by cone calorimeter test (CCT), limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-IR). The CCT results showed that the heat release rate (HRR) of all three kinds of EVA/LDHs composites significantly decreased compared with that of pure EVA, and the EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the lowest PHRR value of 222.65 kW/m2. The LOI results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had the highest LOI value of 29.8%. The SDT results indicated that MgAl-LDHs were beneficial to smoke suppression. TG-IR results showed that EVA/MgAl-LDHs composites had a better thermal stability.
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Dong M, Li Q, Liu H, Liu C, Wujcik EK, Shao Q, Ding T, Mai X, Shen C, Guo Z. Thermoplastic polyurethane-carbon black nanocomposite coating: Fabrication and solid particle erosion resistance. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhou K, Tang G, Gao R, Jiang S. In situ growth of 0D silica nanospheres on 2D molybdenum disulfide nanosheets: Towards reducing fire hazards of epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:1078-1089. [PMID: 30216967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This report described a facile process for the preparation of 2D/0D MoS2-SiO2 hybrids using a simple in situ growth method, with the purpose of promoting the dispersion of MoS2 in polymer matrices and improving the properties of polymer materials. FTIR, XPS, TGA and TEM measurements were performed to characterize the structure and morphology of the synthesized hybrids which were then introduced into epoxy to reduce flammability. The hybrids dispersed well in the epoxy matrix. No obvious agglomerations were observed. In comparison with those of neat epoxy, the incorporation of a low loading of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids resulted in significant decrements in heat release rate, total heat release and volume of toxic effluents released during combustion, which indicated that the fire hazards of epoxy composites were strongly reduced. The good dispersion, labyrinth barrier effect and the catalytic effect of MoS2-SiO2 hybrids on char formation may contribute to the observed decrease in the flammability of epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering, South China University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, 59 Hudong Road, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 388 Lumo Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Department of Fire Protection Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, The Western Park of the Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, PR China
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Jing J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Fang Z. Synthesis of a highly efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant utilizing plant-derived diphenolic acids and its application in polylactic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for PLA is synthesized from plant-derived diphenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Xinlei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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Li M, Zhong Y, Wang Z, Fischer A, Ranft F, Drummer D, Wu W. Flame retarding mechanism of Polyamide 6 with phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant and DOPO derivatives. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Polymer Technology; Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Ranft
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Polymer Technology; Erlangen Germany
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Polymer Technology; Erlangen Germany
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials and Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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12
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Zang CG, Zhu XD, Jiao QJ. Enhanced mechanical and electrical properties of nylon-6 composite by using carbon fiber/graphene multiscale structure as additive. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Guang Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 People′s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 People′s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 100081 People′s Republic of China
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Gong J, Niu R, Wen X, Yang H, Liu J, Chen X, Sun ZY, Mijowska E, Tang T. Synergistic effect of carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes on improving thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene: a combination of a physical network and chemical crosslinking. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CFs and CNTs showed a synergistic effect on significantly improving the thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ran Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Hongfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Ewa Mijowska
- Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering
- West Pomeranian University of Technology
- 70-322 Szczecin
- Poland
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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Gong J, Niu R, Liu J, Chen X, Wen X, Mijowska E, Sun Z, Tang T. Simultaneously improving the thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyethylene by the combination of graphene with carbon black. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04623d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel combination of GNS with CB was demonstrated to improve thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of LLDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ran Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuecheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
- Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ewa Mijowska
- Institute of Chemical and Environment Engineering
- West Pomeranian University of Technology
- 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022, China
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