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Selim AA, Abdallah AB, Awad FS, Khalifa ME, Salem Molouk AF. Electrochemical sensor based on amine- and thiol-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for sensitive and selective determination of uranyl ions in real water samples. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31141-31150. [PMID: 37881759 PMCID: PMC10594082 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05374a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel selective and sensitive electrochemical sensors based on the modification of a carbon paste electrode (CPE) with novel amine- and thiol-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have been developed for the detection and monitoring of uranyl ions in different real water samples. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were grafted with 2-aminothiazole (AT/MWCNT) and melamine thiourea (MT/MWCNT) via an amidation reaction in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) as a coupling agent. This modification for multiwalled carbon nanotubes has never been reported before. The amine and thiol groups were considered to be promising functional groups due to their high affinity toward coordination with uranyl ions. The modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes were characterized using different analytical techniques including FTIR, SEM, XPS, and elemental analysis. Subsequently, 10 wt% MT/MWCNT was mixed with 60 wt% graphite powder in the presence of 30 wt% paraffin oil to obtain a modified carbon paste electrode (MT/MWCNT/CPE). The electrochemical behavior and applications of the prepared sensors were examined using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The MT/MWCNT/CPE sensor exhibited a good linearity for UO22+ in the concentration range of 5.0 × 10-3 to 1.0 × 10-10 mol L-1 with low limits of detection (LOD = 2.1 × 10-11 mol L-1) and quantification (LOQ = 7 × 10-11 mol L-1). In addition, high precision (RSD = 2.7%), good reproducibility (RSD = 2.1%), and high stability (six weeks) were displayed. Finally, MT-MWCNT@CPE was successfully utilized to measure the uranyl ions in an actual water sample with excellent recoveries (97.8-99.3%). These results demonstrate that MT-MWCNT@CPE possesses appropriate accuracy and is appropriate for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Selim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201000166374 +201090433272
| | - A B Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201000166374 +201090433272
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University New Mansoura City Egypt
| | - Fathi S Awad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201000166374 +201090433272
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University New Mansoura City Egypt
| | - Magdi E Khalifa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201000166374 +201090433272
| | - Ahmed Fathi Salem Molouk
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201000166374 +201090433272
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, New Mansoura University New Mansoura City Egypt
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Hosseini MA, Zare H, Malekie S. Raman spectroscopy of electron irradiated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for dosimetry purposes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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3
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Hosseini MA, Zare H, Malekie S. Raman spectroscopy of electron irradiated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube for dosimetry purposes. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023; 202:110535. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
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Synthesis of novel MoWO 4 with ZnO nanoflowers on multi-walled carbon nanotubes for counter electrode application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12490. [PMID: 35864149 PMCID: PMC9304385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel MoWO4 with ZnO nanoflowers was synthesized on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-Z@MWCNTs) through a simple hydrothermal method, and this unique structure was applied as a counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) for the first time. The synergetic effect of ZnO nanoflowers and MoWO4 on MWCNTs was systematically investigated by different techniques. The amount of MWCNTs was optimized to achieve the best DSSC performance. It was found that the 1.5% MW-Z@MWCNTs composite structure had the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.96%, which is greater than that of traditional Pt CE. Therefore, MW-Z@MWCNTs-based CE can be used to replace traditional Pt-based electrodes in the future.
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Thermally remendable bismalemide-MWCNT/DA-epoxy nanocomposite via Diels-Alder bonding. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Y, Cai N, Yang H, Wu C. Application of Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Plastics As Filler to Epoxy Resin Composite. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:2204-2213. [PMID: 35572496 PMCID: PMC9097581 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanofillers to enhance the mechanical performance of polymers. Through catalytic conversion, waste plastics can be converted into CNTs, which could be an alternative to commercial CNTs (cCNTs). Exploring a practical application of waste-plastic-derived CNTs will largely promote the technology development related to waste plastic management and CNT production. In this work, CNTs produced from plastics, named pCNTs, were applied as fillers to epoxy resin (EP), while commercial CNTs (cCNTs) were used as a reference. The carboxyl groups were effectively inserted on the CNT skeleton by a facile purification and modification. After ultrasonic dispersion, the modified pCNTs (M-pCNTs) were uniformly dispersed and loaded in the EP matrix. Better mechanical properties than EP were attained with a Young's modulus of 3776.9 MPa, a tensile strength of 37.3 MPa, a fracture strain of 6.32%, and a fracture strength of 111.7 MPa with 2 wt % M-pCNT loading. Thus, pCNTs enhanced the toughness of the EP composites and simultaneously retained the stiffness. It was suggested that CNT pull-out and bridging were predominant toughening mechanisms for pCNT/EP composites. Notably, the coated film developed between residual metal in M-pCNTs and EP built a strong interfacial interaction and reinforced the EP composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Cai
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiping Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People’s Republic of China
- E-mail:
| | - Chunfei Wu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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González-Legarreta L, Renero-Lecuna C, Valiente R, Fanarraga ML. Development of an accurate method for dispersion and quantification of carbon nanotubes in biological media. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5642-5647. [PMID: 33185213 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01357a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biological effects triggered by nanomaterials is crucial, not only in nanomedicine but also in toxicology. The dose-response relation is relevant in biological tests due to its use for determining appropriate dosages for drugs and toxicity limits. Carbon nanotubes can trigger numerous unusual biological effects, many of which could have unique applications in biotechnology and medicine. However, their resuspension in saline solutions and the accurate determination of their concentration after dispersion in biological media are major handicaps to identify the magnitude of the response of organisms as a function of this exposure. This difficulty has led to inconsistent results and misinterpretations of their in vivo behavior, limiting their potential use in nanomedicine. The lack of a suitable protocol that allows comparing different studies of the content of carbon nanotubes and their adequate resuspension in culture cell media gives rise to this study. Here, we describe a methodology to functionalize, resuspend and determine the carbon nanotube concentration in biocompatible media based on UV-Vis spectroscopy. This method allows us to accurately estimate the concentration of these resuspended carbon nanotubes, after removing bundles and micrometric aggregates, which can be used as a calibration standard, for dosage-dependent studies in biological systems. This method can also be extended to any other nanomaterial to properly quantify the actual concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González-Legarreta
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dept. QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Avd. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Renero-Lecuna
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Rafael Valiente
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dpto. Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. de los Castros 48, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica L Fanarraga
- Grupo de Nanomedicina-IDIVAL, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain. and Dpto. Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Avd. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
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Rahimi A, Ziaie F, Sheikh N, Malekie S. Calorimetry System Based on Polystyrene/MWCNT Nanocomposite for Electron Beam Dosimetry: A New Approach. NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIA 2020; 15:175-181. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078020020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Liang G, Guo X, Tan X, Mai S, Chen Z, Zhai H. Molecularly imprinted monolithic column based on functionalized β-cyclodextrin and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for selective recognition of benzimidazole residues in citrus samples. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Vyazovkin S. "Nothing Can Hide Itself from Thy Heat": Understanding Polymers via Unconventional Applications of Thermal Analysis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800334. [PMID: 30033550 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This article surveys some exciting possibilities and results offered by less common, yet essential applications of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The applications are concerned with the most commonly studied processes of the glass transition, crystallization, melting, polymerization, and degradation. Issues related to the glass transition include the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence and fragility, kinetic complexity of physical aging, evaluation of cooperatively rearranging regions, and rigid amorphous fraction. Discussion of crystallization covers separation of heterogeneous and homogeneous nucleation, crystallization controlled by physical aging, and the use of isoconversional methods for determining the Hoffman-Lauritzen parameters. For melting, the role of reorganization and nucleation control is emphasized. For the thermal degradation and polymerization, advanced kinetic treatments as a way of obtaining mechanistic insights are discussed, and the possibility of studying both processes during continuous cooling is stressed. The possibility of using TGA for monitoring polycondensation is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vyazovkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 S. 14th Street, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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12
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Khanam Z, Singh V, Zaidi MGH. Enhanced corrosion protection performance with MWCNT dispersed epoxy coating prepared under supercritical CO2assistance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Khanam
- Department of Environmental Science; G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology; Pantnagar 263145 Uttarakhand India
| | - Vir Singh
- Department of Environmental Science; G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology; Pantnagar 263145 Uttarakhand India
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In vivo Acute Cytotoxicity Study of Poly(2-amino ethyl methacrylate-co-methylene bis-acrylamide) Magnetic Composite Synthesized in Supercritical CO2. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Mosayebi A, Malekie S, Ziaie F. A feasibility study of polystyrene/CNT nano-composite as a dosimeter for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION 2017; 12:P05012-P05012. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/12/05/p05012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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15
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Malekie S, Ziaie F. A two-dimensional simulation to predict the electrical behavior of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017; 37:205-210. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2015-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, a two-dimensional model for randomly dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in polymer hosts was used to predict the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) of the resulted composites in different concentrations of CNT. This was performed under a fixed DC voltage for different polymer matrices, such as high-density polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate via finite element method (FEM). The predicted EPT values in different composites were validated by experimental results published by other scientists. Results show that the electrical conductivity of the composites was strongly dependent on CNT weight percentages. Also, adding CNTs to the polymer matrix caused a decrease in the tunneling distance for various polymers in composites. Our results show that FEM could capture more details in the prediction of EPT in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Ziaie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
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Malekie S, Ziaie F. A two-dimensional simulation to predict the electrical behavior of carbon nanotube/polymer composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017; 37:205-210. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2015-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research work, a two-dimensional model for randomly dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in polymer hosts was used to predict the electrical percolation threshold (EPT) of the resulted composites in different concentrations of CNT. This was performed under a fixed DC voltage for different polymer matrices, such as high-density polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, and polyethylene terephthalate via finite element method (FEM). The predicted EPT values in different composites were validated by experimental results published by other scientists. Results show that the electrical conductivity of the composites was strongly dependent on CNT weight percentages. Also, adding CNTs to the polymer matrix caused a decrease in the tunneling distance for various polymers in composites. Our results show that FEM could capture more details in the prediction of EPT in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Malekie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhood Ziaie
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran
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Song L, Lu S, Xiao X, Qi B, He Z, Xu X, Rao B, Yu J. Enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of liquid crystalline-grafted graphene oxide-filled epoxy composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1792-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pigaleva MA, Elmanovich IV, Temnikov MN, Gallyamov MO, Muzafarov AM. Organosilicon compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide: Synthesis, polymerization, modification, and production of new materials. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090416030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yu K, Wang M, Wu J, Qian K, Sun J, Lu X. Modification of the Interfacial Interaction between Carbon Fiber and Epoxy with Carbon Hybrid Materials. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6050089. [PMID: 28335217 PMCID: PMC5302503 DOI: 10.3390/nano6050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the hybrid materials and epoxy and carbon fiber (CF) composites were improved significantly as compared to the CF composites made from unmodified epoxy. The reasons could be attributed to the strong interfacial interaction between the CF and the epoxy composites for the existence of carbon nanomaterials. The microstructure and dispersion of carbon nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and optical microscopy (OM). The results showed that the dispersion of the hybrid materials in the polymer was superior to other carbon nanomaterials. The high viscosity and shear stress characterized by a rheometer and the high interfacial friction and damping behavior characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the strong interfacial interaction was greatly improved between fibers and epoxy composites. Remarkably, the tensile tests presented that the CF composites with hybrid materials and epoxy composites have a better reinforcing and toughening effect on CF, which further verified the strong interfacial interaction between epoxy and CF for special structural hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Menglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Junqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Malekie S, Ziaie F, Esmaeli A. Study on dosimetry characteristics of polymer–CNT nanocomposites: Effect of polymer matrix. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A: ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT 2016; 816:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
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Wu S, Ladani RB, Zhang J, Kinloch AJ, Zhao Z, Ma J, Zhang X, Mouritz AP, Ghorbani K, Wang CH. Epoxy nanocomposites containing magnetite-carbon nanofibers aligned using a weak magnetic field. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yoonessi M, Lebrón-Colón M, Scheiman D, Meador MA. Carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites: the effects of interfacial modifications on the dynamic mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:16621-16630. [PMID: 25215892 DOI: 10.1021/am5056849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of pretreated carbon nanotubes (CNT) using aromatic, aliphatic, and aliphatic ether diamines was performed. The pretreatment of the CNT consisted of either acid- or photo-oxidation. The acid treated CNT had a higher initial oxygen content compared to the photo-oxidized CNT and this resulted in a higher density of functionalization. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to verify the presence of the oxygenated and amine moieties on the CNT surfaces. Epoxy/0.1 wt % CNT nanocomposites were prepared using the functionalized CNT and the bulk properties of the nanocomposites were examined. Macroscale correlations between the interfacial modification and bulk dynamic mechanical and thermal properties were observed. The amine modified epoxy/CNT nanocomposites exhibited up to a 1.9-fold improvement in storage modulus (G') below the glass transition (Tg) and up to an almost 4-fold increase above the Tg. They also exhibited a 3-10 °C increase in the glass transition temperature. The aromatic diamine surface modified epoxy/CNT nanocomposites resulted in the largest increase in shear moduli below and above the Tg and the largest increase in the Tg. Surface examination of the nanocomposites with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed indications of a greater adhesion of the epoxy resin matrix to the CNT, most likely due to the covalent bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Yoonessi
- Ohio Aerospace Institute , 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, United States
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