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Allam T, Balderston DE, Chahal MK, Hilton KLF, Hind CK, Keers OB, Lilley RJ, Manwani C, Overton A, Popoola PIA, Thompson LR, White LJ, Hiscock JR. Tools to enable the study and translation of supramolecular amphiphiles. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6892-6917. [PMID: 37753825 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on providing a summary of the key techniques used for the characterisation of supramolecular amphiphiles and their self-assembled aggregates; from the understanding of low-level molecular interactions, to materials analysis, use of data to support computer-aided molecular design and finally, the translation of this class of compounds for real world application, specifically within the clinical setting. We highlight the common methodologies used for the study of traditional amphiphiles and build to provide specific examples that enable the study of specialist supramolecular systems. This includes the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray scattering techniques (small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering and single crystal X-ray diffraction), critical aggregation (or micelle) concentration determination methodologies, machine learning, and various microscopy techniques. Furthermore, this review provides guidance for working with supramolecular amphiphiles in in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as the use of accessible software programs, to facilitate screening and selection of druggable molecules. Each section provides: a methodology overview - information that may be derived from the use of the methodology described; a case study - examples for the application of these methodologies; and a summary section - providing methodology specific benefits, limitations and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Allam
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Dominick E Balderston
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Mandeep K Chahal
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Kira L F Hilton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Charlotte K Hind
- Research and Evaluation, UKHSA, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Olivia B Keers
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Rebecca J Lilley
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Chandni Manwani
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Alix Overton
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Precious I A Popoola
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Lisa R Thompson
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Lisa J White
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
| | - Jennifer R Hiscock
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK.
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Sun X, Feng X, Yan XY, Luo J, Zhang R, Li T, Li H, Chen J, Liu F, Raee E, Cheng SZD, Liu T. Screw dislocation-induced pyramidal crystallization of dendron-like macromolecules featuring asymmetric geometry. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12130-12137. [PMID: 34667578 PMCID: PMC8459181 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02617h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report herein that dendron-shaped macromolecules AB n crystallize into well-ordered pyramid-like structures from mixed solvents, instead of spherical motifs with curved structures, as found in the bulk. The design of the asymmetric molecular architecture and the choice of mixed solvents are applied as strategies to manipulate the crystallization process. In mixed solvents, the solvent selection for the Janus macromolecule and the existence of dominant crystalline clusters contribute to the formation of flat nanosheets. Whereas during solvent evaporation, the bulkiness of the asymmetric macromolecules easily creates defects within 2D nanosheets which lead to their spiral growth through screw dislocation. The size of the nanosheets and the growth into 2D nanosheets or 3D pyramidal structures can be regulated by the solvent ratio and solvent compositions. Moreover, macromolecules of higher asymmetry generate polycrystals of lower orderliness, probably due to higher localized stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Sun
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Xueyan Feng
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Xiao-Yun Yan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Ruimeng Zhang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Tao Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - Hui Li
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Jiahui Chen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Fangbei Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Ehsan Raee
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325 USA
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Jiang B, Tang Q, Zhao W, Sun J, An R, Niu T, Fuchs H, Ji Q. Tailoring structural features and functions of fullerene rod crystals by a ferrocene-modified fullerene derivative. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01019g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Effective functional intercalation and facile structural manipulation of fullerene crystals could be achieved by ferrocene-modified fullerene based on the liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohong Jiang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Qin Tang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Wenli Zhao
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
- Center for Nanotechnology
| | - Qingmin Ji
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience
- Nanjing University of Science & Technology
- Nanjing 210094
- China
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Park M, Hong KI, Kang M, Kim TW, Lee H, Jang WD, Jeong KU. Hierarchical Hybrid Nanostructures Constructed by Fullerene and Molecular Tweezer. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6101-6112. [PMID: 31042357 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the construction of well-defined hierarchical superstructures of pristine [60]fullerene (C60) arrays, pyrene-based molecular tweezers (PT) were used as host molecules for catching and arranging C60 guest molecules. The formation of host-guest complexes was systematically studied in solution as well as in the solid state. Two-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies revealed that PT-host and C60-guest complexes were closely related to the molecular self-assembly of PT. Ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopic titrations indicated the formation of stable 1:1 and 2:1 (PT/C60) complexes. From the nonlinear curve-fitting analysis, equilibrium constants for the 1:1 (log K1) and 2:1 (log K2) complexes were estimated to be 4.96 and 5.01, respectively. X-ray diffraction results combined with transmission electron microscopy observations clearly exhibited the construction of well-defined layered superstructures of the PT-host and C60-guest complexes. From electron mobility measurements, it was demonstrated that the well-defined hierarchical hybrid nanostructure incorporating a C60 array exhibited a high electron mobility of 1.7 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study can provide a guideline for the hierarchical hybrid nanostructures of host-guest complex and its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
| | - Kyeong-Im Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 565-905 , Korea
| | - Hosoowi Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Woo-Dong Jang
- Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of BIN Convergence Technology , Chonbuk National University , Jeonju , Jeonbuk 54896 , Korea
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Xu L, Zhang WB. The pursuit of precision in macromolecular science: Concepts, trends, and perspectives. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang XM, Shao Y, Jin PF, Jiang W, Hu W, Yang S, Li W, He J, Ni P, Zhang WB. Influence of Regio-Configuration on the Phase Diagrams of Double-Chain Giant Surfactants. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced
Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Key
Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Advanced
Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and
Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and
Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and
Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric
Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design
and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and
Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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9
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Yuan G, Wang X, Wu D, Hammouda B. Structural analysis of dendrimers based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and their assemblies in solution by small-angle neutron scattering: Fits to a modified two correlation lengths model. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Liu H, Luo J, Shan W, Guo D, Wang J, Hsu CH, Huang M, Zhang W, Lotz B, Zhang WB, Liu T, Yue K, Cheng SZD. Manipulation of Self-Assembled Nanostructure Dimensions in Molecular Janus Particles. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6585-6596. [PMID: 27337531 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate self-assembly of molecular building blocks is the key to achieving precise "bottom-up" fabrications of desired nanostructures. Herein, we report a rational design, facile synthesis, and self-assembly of a series of molecular Janus particles (MJPs) constructed by chemically linking α-Keggin-type polyoxometalate (POM) nanoclusters with functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) cages. Diverse nanostructures were obtained by tuning secondary interactions among the building blocks and solvents via three factors: solvent polarity, surface functionality of POSS derivatives, and molecular topology. Self-assembled morphologies of KPOM-BPOSS (B denotes isobutyl groups) were found dependent on solvent polarity. In acetonitrile/water mixtures with a high dielectric constant, colloidal nanoparticles with nanophase-separated internal lamellar structures quickly formed, which gradually turned into one-dimensional nanobelt crystals upon aging, while stacked crystalline lamellae were dominantly observed in less polar methanol/chloroform solutions. When the crystallizable BPOSS was replaced with noncrystallizable cyclohexyl-functionalized CPOSS, the resulting KPOM-CPOSS also formed colloidal spheres; however, it failed to further evolve into crystalline nanobelt structures. In less polar solvents, KPOM-CPOSS crystallized into isolated two-dimensional nanosheets, which were composed of two inner crystalline layers of Keggin POM covered by two monolayers of amorphous CPOSS. In contrast, self-assembly of KPOM-2BPOSS was dominated by crystallization of the BPOSS cages, which was hardly sensitive to solvent polarity. The BPOSS cages formed the crystalline inner bilayer, sandwiched by two outer layers of Keggin POM clusters. These results illustrate a rational strategy to purposely fabricate self-assembled nanostructures with diverse dimensionality from MJPs with controlled molecular composition and topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jiancheng Luo
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wenpeng Shan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Hsu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Mingjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Bernard Lotz
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 23, Rue du Lœss, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianbo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Kan Yue
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Stephen Z D Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Zhang Z, Zhang P, Wang Y, Zhang W. Recent advances in organic–inorganic well-defined hybrid polymers using controlled living radical polymerization techniques. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlled living radical polymerizations, such as ATRP and RAFT polymerization, could be utilized for the preparation of well-defined organic–inorganic hybrid polymers based on POSS, PDMS, silica nanoparticles, graphene, CNTs and fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghe Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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12
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Supramolecular Crystals and Crystallization with Nanosized Motifs of Giant Molecules. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION I 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhang WB, Cheng SZD. Toward rational and modular molecular design in soft matter engineering. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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