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Thünemann AF, Gruber A, Klinger D. Amphiphilic Nanogels: Fuzzy Spheres with a Pseudo-Periodic Internal Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10979-10988. [PMID: 32854501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic polymer nanogels (NGs) are promising drug delivery vehicles that extend the application of conventional hydrophilic NGs to hydrophobic cargoes. By randomly introducing hydrophobic groups into a hydrophilic polymer network, loading and release profiles as well as surface characteristics of these colloids can be tuned. However, very little is known about the underlying internal structure of such complex colloidal architectures. Of special interest is the question how the amphiphilic network composition influences the internal morphology and the "fuzzy" surface structure. To shine light into the influence of varying network amphiphilicity on these structural features, we investigated a small library of water-swollen amphiphilic NGs using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was found that overall hydrophilic NGs, consisting of pure poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide) (PHPMA), display a disordered internal structure as indicated by the absence of a SAXS peak. In contrast, a SAXS peak is present for amphiphilic NGs with various amounts of incorporated hydrophobic groups such as cholesteryl (CHOLA) or dodecyl (DODA). The internal composition of the NGs is considered structurally homologous to microgels. Application of the Teubner-Strey model reveals that hydrophilic PHPMA NGs have a disordered internal structure (positive amphiphilicity factor) while CHOLA and DODA samples have an ordered internal structure (negative amphiphilicity factor). From the SAXS data it can be derived that the internal structure of the amphiphilic NGs consists of regularly alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains with repeat distances of 3.45-5.83 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas F Thünemann
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Klinger
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise Straße 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Frombach J, Rancan F, Kübrich K, Schumacher F, Unbehauen M, Blume-Peytavi U, Haag R, Kleuser B, Sabat R, Wolk K, Vogt A. Serine Protease-Mediated Cutaneous Inflammation: Characterization of an Ex Vivo Skin Model for the Assessment of Dexamethasone-Loaded Core Multishell-Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090862. [PMID: 32927792 PMCID: PMC7558872 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard experimental set-ups for the assessment of skin penetration are typically performed on skin explants with an intact skin barrier or after a partial mechanical or chemical perturbation of the stratum corneum, but they do not take into account biochemical changes. Among the various pathological alterations in inflamed skin, aberrant serine protease (SP) activity directly affects the biochemical environment in the superficial compartments, which interact with topically applied formulations. It further impacts the skin barrier structure and is a key regulator of inflammatory mediators. Herein, we used short-term cultures of ex vivo human skin treated with trypsin and plasmin as inflammatory stimuli to assess the penetration and biological effects of the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (DXM), encapsulated in core multishell-nanocarriers (CMS-NC), when compared to a standard cream formulation. Despite a high interindividual variability, the combined pretreatment of the skin resulted in an average 2.5-fold increase of the transepidermal water loss and swelling of the epidermis, as assessed by optical coherence tomography, as well as in a moderate increase of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory mediators of clinical relevance. The topical application of DXM-loaded CMS-NC or DXM standard cream revealed an increased penetration into SP-treated skin when compared to untreated control skin with an intact barrier. Both formulations, however, delivered sufficient amounts of DXM to effectively suppress the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP). In conclusion, we suggest that the herein presented ex vivo inflammatory skin model is functional and could improve the selection of promising drug delivery strategies for anti-inflammatory compounds at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Frombach
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (F.R.); (K.K.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (F.R.); (K.K.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Katharina Kübrich
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (F.R.); (K.K.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.U.); (R.H.)
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (F.R.); (K.K.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Rainer Haag
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (M.U.); (R.H.)
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (F.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy/Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Center, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy/Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (R.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.); (F.R.); (K.K.); (U.B.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Tailor‐Made Core‐Multishell Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Cationic Analgesics to Inflamed Tissue. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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Radbruch M, Pischon H, Ostrowski A, Volz P, Brodwolf R, Neumann F, Unbehauen M, Kleuser B, Haag R, Ma N, Alexiev U, Mundhenk L, Gruber AD. Dendritic Core-Multishell Nanocarriers in Murine Models of Healthy and Atopic Skin. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:64. [PMID: 28116609 PMCID: PMC5256633 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic hPG-amid-C18-mPEG core-multishell nanocarriers (CMS) represent a novel class of unimolecular micelles that hold great potential as drug transporters, e.g., to facilitate topical therapy in skin diseases. Atopic dermatitis is among the most common inflammatory skin disorders with complex barrier alterations which may affect the efficacy of topical treatment.Here, we tested the penetration behavior and identified target structures of unloaded CMS after topical administration in healthy mice and in mice with oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. We further examined whole body distribution and possible systemic side effects after simulating high dosage dermal penetration by subcutaneous injection.Following topical administration, CMS accumulated in the stratum corneum without penetration into deeper viable epidermal layers. The same was observed in atopic dermatitis mice, indicating that barrier alterations in atopic dermatitis had no influence on the penetration of CMS. Following subcutaneous injection, CMS were deposited in the regional lymph nodes as well as in liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. However, in vitro toxicity tests, clinical data, and morphometry-assisted histopathological analyses yielded no evidence of any toxic or otherwise adverse local or systemic effects of CMS, nor did they affect the severity or course of atopic dermatitis.Taken together, CMS accumulate in the stratum corneum in both healthy and inflammatory skin and appear to be highly biocompatible in the mouse even under conditions of atopic dermatitis and thus could potentially serve to create a depot for anti-inflammatory drugs in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Radbruch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Pischon
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Ostrowski
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Volz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Brodwolf
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Ulrike Alexiev
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Mundhenk
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Unbehauen ML, Fleige E, Paulus F, Schemmer B, Mecking S, Moré SD, Haag R. Biodegradable Core⁻Multishell Nanocarriers: Influence of Inner Shell Structure on the Encapsulation Behavior of Dexamethasone and Tacrolimus. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E316. [PMID: 30970993 PMCID: PMC6418772 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We here present the synthesis and characterization of a set of biodegradable core⁻multishell (CMS) nanocarriers. The CMS nanocarrier structure consists of hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG) as core material, a hydrophobic (12, 15, 18, 19, and 36 C-atoms) inner and a polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG) outer shell that were conjugated by ester bonds only to reduce the toxicity of metabolites. The loading capacities (LC) of the drugs, dexamethasone and tacrolimus, and the aggregate formation, phase transitions, and degradation kinetics were determined. The intermediate inner shell length (C15) system had the best overall performance with good LCs for both drugs as well as a promising degradation and release kinetics, which are of interest for dermal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Unbehauen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Fleige
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- DendroPharm GmbH, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Paulus
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- DendroPharm GmbH, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Brigitta Schemmer
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany.
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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6
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Yamamoto K, Klossek A, Flesch R, Ohigashi T, Fleige E, Rancan F, Frombach J, Vogt A, Blume-Peytavi U, Schrade P, Bachmann S, Haag R, Hedtrich S, Schäfer-Korting M, Kosugi N, Rühl E. Core-multishell nanocarriers: Transport and release of dexamethasone probed by soft X-ray spectromicroscopy. J Control Release 2016; 242:64-70. [PMID: 27568290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Label-free detection of core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers and the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone is reported. Selective excitation by tunable soft X-rays in the O 1s-regime is used for probing either the CMS nanocarrier or the drug. Furthermore, the drug loading efficiency into CMS nanocarriers is determined by X-ray spectroscopy. The drug-loaded nanocarriers were topically applied to human skin explants providing insights into the penetration and drug release processes. It is shown that the core-multishell nanocarriers remain in the stratum corneum when applied for 100min to 1000min. Dexamethasone, if applied topically to human ex vivo skin explants using different formulations, shows a vehicle-dependent penetration behavior. Highest local drug concentrations are found in the stratum corneum as well as in the viable epidermis. If the drug is loaded to core-multishell nanocarriers, the concentration of the free drug is low in the stratum corneum and is enhanced in the viable epidermis as compared to other drug formulations. The present results provide insights into the penetration of drug nanocarriers as well as the mechanisms of controlled drug release from CMS nanocarriers in human skin. They are also compared to related work using dye-labeled nanocarriers and dyes that were used as model drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Klossek
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Flesch
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Ohigashi
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - E Fleige
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - F Rancan
- Klinisches Forschungszentrum für Haut- und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Frombach
- Klinisches Forschungszentrum für Haut- und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Vogt
- Klinisches Forschungszentrum für Haut- und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Blume-Peytavi
- Klinisches Forschungszentrum für Haut- und Haarforschung, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Schrade
- Abteilung für Elektronenmikroskopie at CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Bachmann
- Abteilung für Elektronenmikroskopie at CVK, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hedtrich
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Schäfer-Korting
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Kosugi
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - E Rühl
- Physikalische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Du F, Hönzke S, Neumann F, Keilitz J, Chen W, Ma N, Hedtrich S, Haag R. Development of biodegradable hyperbranched core-multishell nanocarriers for efficient topical drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 242:42-49. [PMID: 27374627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The topical application of drugs allows for a local application in skin disease and can reduce side effects. Here we present biodegradable core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers which are composed of a hyperbranched polyglycerol core functionalized with diblock copolymers consisting of polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) as the outer shell. The anti-inflammatory drug Dexamethasone (Dexa) was loaded into these CMS nanocarriers. DLS results suggested that Dexa loaded nanoparticles mostly act as a unimolecular carrier system. With longer PCL segments, a better transport capacity is observed. In vitro skin permeation studies showed that CMS nanocarriers could improve the Nile red penetration through the skin by up to 7 times, compared to a conventional cream formulation. Interestingly, covalently FITC-labeled CMS nanocarriers remain in the stratum corneum layer. This suggests the enhancement is due to the release of cargo after being transported into the stratum corneum by the CMS nanocarriers. In addition, the hPG-PCL-mPEG CMS nanocarriers exhibited good stability, low cytotoxicity, and their production can easily be scaled up, which makes them promising nanocarriers for topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Du
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hönzke
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biomaterials Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Juliane Keilitz
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biomaterials Science, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute of Pharmacy (Pharmacology and Toxicology), Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Hönzke S, Gerecke C, Elpelt A, Zhang N, Unbehauen M, Kral V, Fleige E, Paulus F, Haag R, Schäfer-Korting M, Kleuser B, Hedtrich S. Tailored dendritic core-multishell nanocarriers for efficient dermal drug delivery: A systematic top-down approach from synthesis to preclinical testing. J Control Release 2016; 242:50-63. [PMID: 27349353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Drug loaded dendritic core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are of especial interest for the treatment of skin diseases, owing to their striking dermal delivery efficiencies following topical applications. CMS nanocarriers are composed of a polyglycerol core, connected by amide-bonds to an inner alkyl shell and an outer methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) shell. Since topically applied nanocarriers are subjected to biodegradation, the application of conventional amide-based CMS nanocarriers (10-A-18-350) has been limited by the potential production of toxic polyglycerol amines. To circumvent this issue, three tailored ester-based CMS nanocarriers (10-E-12-350, 10-E-15-350, 10-E-18-350) of varying inner alkyl chain length were synthesized and comprehensively characterized in terms of particle size, drug loading, biodegradation and dermal drug delivery efficiency. Dexamethasone (DXM), a potent drug widely used for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, was chosen as a therapeutically relevant test compound for the present study. Ester- and amide-based CMS nanocarriers delivered DXM more efficiently into human skin than a commercially available DXM cream. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies identified CMS (10-E-15-350) as the most biocompatible carrier system. The anti-inflammatory potency of DXM-loaded CMS (10-E-15-350) nanocarriers was assessed in TNFα supplemented skin models, where a significant reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 was seen, with markedly greater efficacy than commercial DXM cream. In summary, we report the rational design and characterization of tailored, biodegradable, ester-based CMS nanocarriers, and their subsequent stepwise screening for biocompatibility, dermal delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in a top-down approach yielding the best carrier system for topical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hönzke
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Gerecke
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Elpelt
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Nan Zhang
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Unbehauen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Kral
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Florian Paulus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.
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9
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Wedel B, Hertle Y, Wrede O, Bookhold J, Hellweg T. Smart Homopolymer Microgels: Influence of the Monomer Structure on the Particle Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E162. [PMID: 30979256 PMCID: PMC6432239 DOI: 10.3390/polym8040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we compare the properties of smart homopolymer microgels based on N-n-propylacrylamide (NNPAM), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-isopropylmethacrylamide (NIPMAM) synthesized under identical conditions. The particles are studied with respect to size, morphology, and swelling behavior using scanning electron and scanning force microscopy. In addition, light scattering techniques and fluorescent probes are employed to follow the swelling/de-swelling of the particles. Significant differences are found and discussed. Poly(N-n-propylacrylamide) (PNNPAM) microgels stand out due to their very sharp volume phase transition, whereas Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) particles are found to exhibit a more homogeneous network structure compared to the other two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Wedel
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Hertle
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Oliver Wrede
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Johannes Bookhold
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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10
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Mou Q, Ma Y, Jin X, Yan D, Zhu X. Host–guest binding motifs based on hyperbranched polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11728-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03643k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Host–guest systems based on hyperbranched polymers together with their unique properties and various applications have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanbing Mou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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11
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Kurniasih IN, Keilitz J, Haag R. Dendritic nanocarriers based on hyperbranched polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4145-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of hyperbranched polymers as an alternative to perfect dendrimers as nanocarrier systems for drugs, dyes and other guest molecules is covered. Different types of hyperbranched polymers are discussed with regard to aspects like synthesis, functionalisation and encapsulation properties but also their degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliane Keilitz
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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