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Filippova OV, Maksimkin AV, Dayyoub T, Larionov DI, Telyshev DV. Sustainable Elastomers for Actuators: "Green" Synthetic Approaches and Material Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2755. [PMID: 37376401 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastomeric materials have great application potential in actuator design and soft robot development. The most common elastomers used for these purposes are polyurethanes, silicones, and acrylic elastomers due to their outstanding physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Currently, these types of polymers are produced by traditional synthetic methods, which may be harmful to the environment and hazardous to human health. The development of new synthetic routes using green chemistry principles is an important step to reduce the ecological footprint and create more sustainable biocompatible materials. Another promising trend is the synthesis of other types of elastomers from renewable bioresources, such as terpenes, lignin, chitin, various bio-oils, etc. The aim of this review is to address existing approaches to the synthesis of elastomers using "green" chemistry methods, compare the properties of sustainable elastomers with the properties of materials produced by traditional methods, and analyze the feasibility of said sustainable elastomers for the development of actuators. Finally, the advantages and challenges of existing "green" methods of elastomer synthesis will be summarized, along with an estimation of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Filippova
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Maksimkin
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tarek Dayyoub
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology "MISIS", 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry I Larionov
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Telyshev
- Institute for Bionic Technologies and Engineering, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street 2-4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, Zelenograd, 124498 Moscow, Russia
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Jung YS, Woo J, Lee E, Lee S, Shin EJ. Synthesis and properties of bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether urethane) for soft actuators. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) for use in soft actuators is bio-based poly(ether-urethane) made using fermented corn, along with bio-derived compounds such as propane-1,3-diol (PDO) as a chain extender. Bio-based TPUs were obtained through a solvent-free one-shot synthesis method, and the effects of varying the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio and type of isocyanates on chemical structure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties were investigated. The degree of phase separation (DPS) and state of hard segment (HS) / soft segment (SS) of TPU are important factors affecting the thermal and physical properties of the prepared film. These properties depend on the [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio and the type of isocyanates used for polymerization. The results showed that, when aromatic isocyanate was used, the degree of separation of the HS/SS was improved as the molar ratio increased. The average molecular weight and DPS as well as thermal and mechanical properties of 1-isocyanato-4-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene (MDI)-based TPU samples are all higher than those of 1,1’-methylenebis(4-isocyanatocyclohexane) (H12MDI)-based TPU samples in spite of the lower HS content. These findings of this study are expected to contribute to the preparation of fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing or 4D printing for shape memory polymer from bio-based TPU filaments for use in soft actuators with a shore hardness range of 59~84A.
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Xiang N, Zhang X, Zheng M, Xu R, Yan Y. Investigation of tensile behavior and molecular structure of the thermoplastic polyurethane sheets injection molded at different mold temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials AECC, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials AECC, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials AECC, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing China
| | - Ruijie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yue Yan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials AECC, Beijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing China
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The Green Approach to the Synthesis of Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Partially Bio-Based Hard Blocks. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092334. [PMID: 33946420 PMCID: PMC8125134 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for the preparation of novel bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs). We studied the influence of the diisocyanate mixture composition on the chemical structure, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties of obtained bio-TPUs. Diisocyanate mixture and bio-based 1,4-butanediol (as a low molecular chain extender) created bio-based hard blocks (HS). The diisocyanate mixture contained up to 75 wt % of partially bio-based diisocyanate. It is worth mentioning that the structure and amount of HS impact the phase separation, processing, thermal or mechanical properties of polyurethanes. The soft blocks (SS) in the bio-TPU’s materials were built from α,ω-oligo(ethylene-butylene adipate) diol. Hereby, bio-TPUs differed in hard segments content (c.a. 30; 34; 40, and 53%). We found that already increase of bio-based diisocyanate content of the bio-TPU impact the changes in their thermal stability which was measured by TGA. Based on DMTA results we observed changes in the viscoelastic behavior of bio-TPUs. The DSC analysis revealed decreasing in glass transition temperature and melting temperature of hard segments. In general, obtained materials were characterized by good mechanical properties. The results confirmed the validity of undertaken research problem related to obtaining bio-TPUs consist of bio-based hard building blocks. The application of partially bio-based diisocyanate mixtures and bio-based chain extender for bio-TPU synthesis leads to sustainable chemistry. Therefore the total level of “green carbons” increases with the increase of bio-based diisocyanate content in the bio-TPU structure. Obtained results constitute promising data for further works related to the preparation of fully bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and development in the field of bio-based polymeric materials.
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Głowińska E, Wolak W, Datta J. Eco-friendly Route for Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Bio-based Hard Segments Composed of Bio-glycol and Mixtures of Aromatic-Aliphatic and Aliphatic-Aliphatic Diisocyanate. JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 2021; 29:2140-2149. [PMID: 33424520 PMCID: PMC7784219 DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01992-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Application of bio-based diisocyanates with low volatility instead petrochemical diisocyanates has positive impact on environment by reduction of hazardous effects on living organisms and lead to bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) with good usage properties. This work was focused on the synthesis and chosen properties examination of partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-PUs) obtained using diisocyanate mixtures, polytetrahydrofurane (PolyTHF) and bio-1,3-propanediol (bio-PDO). Two types of diisocyanate mixtures were prepared as follows: aliphatic-aliphatic based on hexamethylene diisocyanate with partially bio-based aliphatic diisocyanate Tolonate™ X FLO 100 (HDI-FLO) and aromatic-aliphatic based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate with partially bio-based diisocyanate (MDI-FLO) with reduction of 25 mass% of petrochemical diisocyanate. Bio-PUs were obtained via prepolymer method. Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers have been examined in the terms of chemical structure and thermal, thermomechanical, mechanical and physicochemical properties. Bio-PU based on HDI-FLO diisocyanate mixture exhibited higher thermal stability. The beginning of thermal decomposition took a place at lower temperature ca. 30 ºC) and lower rate than the MDI-PU based materials. DMA analysis showed that HDI-FLO based polyurethanes exhibited greater capacity to accumulate energy and higher stiffness. Both materials characterized similar tensile strength and hardness, but with difference that TPU based on HDI-FLO relieved greater elongation at break about 360% reached 813%. Taking into account versatile properties of bio-TPU, these material can find application in many branches of industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Głowińska
- Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wolak
- Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Janusz Datta
- Department of Polymer Technology, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Street 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Xiang N, Zhang X, Zheng M, Ge Y, Wang T, Liu H, Maharaj C, Dear JP, Yan Y. Microstructure and tensile properties of injection molded thermoplastic polyurethane with different melt temperatures. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
| | - Mengyao Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
| | - Yong Ge
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
| | - Haibao Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Chris Maharaj
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringThe University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago
| | - John P. Dear
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringImperial College London London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
| | - Yue Yan
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, AECCBeijing Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Structural Transparencies for the Modern Traffic System Beijing 100095 China
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Kundu A, De GC, Ghosh S. Green Synthesis of Novel Polyesterurethane Materials from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by New Set of One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14074-14084. [PMID: 31497726 PMCID: PMC6714527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel polyesterurethane materials, PEU1 and PEU2, were synthesized via nontoxic and isocyanate-free route by simple conversion of two epoxides 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxy propane (2) and styrene epoxide (3) utilizing CO2. Epoxides 2 and 3 were converted to the respective cyclic carbonates 4 and 5 by a new set of cobalt-based catalyst 1a in the presence of 10 bar of CO2 and 80 °C temperature without using cocatalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). The mechanistic pathway of the catalysis reaction for the cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 to generate the cyclic carbonates was investigated by several spectroscopic techniques and utilizing analogous zinc-based 1D coordination polymer 1b, which does not act as an efficient catalyst in the absence of TBAB. Cyclic carbonates 4 and 5 were converted to the respective polyesterurethanes PEU1 and PEU2 sequentially by first synthesizing the ring-opened diols 6 and 7 reacting with ethylenediamine and subsequently annealing the respective diols 6 and 7 at 120 °C in the presence of terepthalyl chloride and triethylamine. The polyesterurethanes PEU1 and PEU2 were characterized by multinuclear NMR and FTIR. PEU1 was also characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The thermal studies of PEU1 and PEU2 showed the stability up to 200-270 °C. The number-average and weight-average molecular weights were determined for PEU1 and PEU2 by GPC analysis. The weight-average molecular weight for PEU1 was found to be 5948 with a polydispersity of 1.1, and PEU2 showed the weight-average molecular weight as 4224 with a polydispersity of 1.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunangshu Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Gobinda Chandra De
- Department
of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma
University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
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Song Y, Liu Y, Qi T, Li GL. Towards Dynamic but Supertough Healable Polymers through Biomimetic Hierarchical Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13838-13842. [PMID: 30144244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A biomimetic (titin protein molecular structure) strategy is reported for preparing transparent and healable elastomers featuring supertoughness (345 MJ m-3 ) and high tensile strength (44 MPa) after self-healing enabled by hierarchical (single, double, and quadruple) hydrogen-bonding moieties in the polymer backbone. The rigid domain containing hierarchical H-bonds formed with urethane, urea, and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone groups leads to a durable network structure that has enhanced mechanical properties and is also dynamic for rapid self-healing. Healable polymers with hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions show excellent recoverability and high energy dissipation owing to the durable interaction between polymer chains. This biomimetic strategy of using hierarchical hydrogen bonds as building blocks is an alternative approach for obtaining dynamic, strong, yet smart self-healing polymers for heavy-duty protection materials and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guo Liang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Song Y, Liu Y, Qi T, Li GL. Towards Dynamic but Supertough Healable Polymers through Biomimetic Hierarchical Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Tao Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guo Liang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production TechnologyInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Kasprzyk P, Datta J. Effect of molar ratio [NCO]/[OH] groups during prepolymer chains extending step on the morphology and selected mechanical properties of final bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane) materials. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kasprzyk
- Department of Polymers Technology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk 80-233 Poland
| | - Janusz Datta
- Department of Polymers Technology, Faculty of Chemistry; Gdańsk University of Technology; Gdańsk 80-233 Poland
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Datta J, Kasprzyk P. Thermoplastic polyurethanes derived from petrochemical or renewable resources: A comprehensive review. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Datta
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Polymers Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12; Gdańsk 80-233 Poland
| | - Paulina Kasprzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Polymers Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza Str. 11/12; Gdańsk 80-233 Poland
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Lignin-Based Polyurethane (PU) Resins and Foams. GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-54959-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Imparting elastomeric properties to entirely lipid-derived thermoplastic poly(ester urethane)s: Molecular weight control. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lv L, Wu F, Chen SC, Wang YZ, Zeng JB. Properties regulation of poly(butylene succinate) ionomers through their ionic group distribution. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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