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Tretyakov IV, Petrova TV, Kireynov AV, Korokhin RA, Platonova EO, Alexeeva OV, Gorbatkina YA, Solodilov VI, Yurkov GY, Berlin AA. Fracture of Epoxy Matrixes Modified with Thermo-Plastic Polymers and Winding Glass Fibers Reinforced Plastics on Their Base under Low-Velocity Impact Condition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2958. [PMID: 37447603 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The work is aimed at studying the impact resistance of epoxy oligomer matrices (EO) modified with polysulfone (PSU) or polyethersulfone (PES) and glass fibers reinforced plastics (GFRP) based on them under low-velocity impact conditions. The concentration dependences of strength and fracture energy of modified matrices and GFRP were determined. It has been determined that the type of concentration curves of the fracture energy of GFRP depends on the concentration and type of the modifying polymer. It is shown that strength σ and fracture energy EM of thermoplastic-modified epoxy matrices change little in the concentration range from 0 to 15 wt.%. However, even with the introduction of 20 wt.% PSU into EO, the strength increases from 164 MPa to 200 MPa, and the fracture energy from 32 kJ/m2 to 39 kJ/m2. The effect of increasing the strength and fracture energy of modified matrices is retained in GFRP. The maximum increase in shear strength (from 72 MPa to 87 MPa) is observed for GFRP based on the EO + 15 wt.% PSU matrix. For GFRP based on EO + 20 wt.% PES, the shear strength is reduced to 69 MPa. The opposite effect is observed for the EO + 20 wt.% PES matrix, where the strength value decreases from 164 MPa to 75 MPa, and the energy decreases from 32 kJ/m2 to 10 kJ/m2. The reference value for the fracture energy of GFRP 615 is 741 kJ/m2. The maximum fracture energy for GFRP is based on EO + 20 wt.% PSU increases to 832 kJ/m2 for GFRP based on EO + 20 wt.% PES-up to 950 kJ/m2. The study of the morphology of the fracture surfaces of matrices and GFRP confirmed the dependence of impact characteristics on the microstructure of the modified matrices and the degree of involvement in the process of crack formation. The greatest effect is achieved for matrices with a phase structure "thermoplastic matrix-epoxy dispersion." Correlations between the fracture energy and strength of EO + PES matrices and GFRP have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tuyara V Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Kireynov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Korokhin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena O Platonova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Alexeeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Gorbatkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaliy I Solodilov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Yu Yurkov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Al Berlin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Yu M, Chen Z, Li J, Tan J, Zhu X. High-Branched Organosilicon Epoxy Resin with Low Viscosity, Excellent Toughness, Hydrophobicity, and Dielectric Property. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062826. [PMID: 36985799 PMCID: PMC10051665 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapidly developing technology places higher demands on materials, thus the simultaneous improvement of materials' multiple properties is a hot research topic. In this work, a high-branched silicone epoxy resin (QSiE) was synthesized and applied to the curing system of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) for modification investigations. When 6 wt% QSiE was added to the system, the viscosity dropped by 51.8%. The mechanical property testing results indicated that QSiE could significantly enhance the material's toughness while preserving good rigidity. The impact strength was enhanced by 1.31 times when 6wt% of QSiE was introduced. Additionally, the silicon skeleton in QSiE has low surface energy and low polarizability, which could endow the material with good hydrophobic and dielectric properties. This work provided a new idea for the preparation of high-performance epoxy resin additives, and provided a broad prospect for cutting-edge applications of epoxy resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeyuan Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jie Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jihuai Tan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinbao Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center of Epoxy Resin and Additives, Huangshan 245900, China
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3
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Highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for transparent epoxy resin with good mechanical properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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4
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Jiao L, Zhao X, Guo Z, Chen Y, Wu Z, Yang Y, Wang M, Ge X, Lin M. Effect of γ irradiation on the properties of functionalized carbon-doped boron nitride reinforced epoxy resin composite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Tian N, Zhao S, Liu Y. Improving toughness of epoxy resin by in‐situ formed secondary network during tertiary amine initiated curing. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro‐Nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yanping Liu
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro‐Nano Molding Technology, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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6
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Santiago D, Serra À. Enhancement of Epoxy Thermosets with Hyperbranched and Multiarm Star Polymers: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2228. [PMID: 35683901 PMCID: PMC9182725 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers and multiarm star polymers are a type of dendritic polymers which have attracted substantial interest during the last 30 years because of their unique properties. They can be used to modify epoxy thermosets to increase their toughness and flexibility but without adversely affecting other properties such as reactivity or thermal properties. In addition, the final properties of materials can be tailored by modifying the structure, molecular weight, or type of functional end-groups of the hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers. In this review, we focus on the modification of epoxy-based thermosets with hyperbranched and multiarm star polymers in terms of the effect on the curing process of epoxy formulations, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties, and their advantages in fire retardancy on the final thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Santiago
- Eurecat–Chemical Technologies Unit, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 2, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
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Lian Q, Chen H, Luo Y, Li Y, Cheng J, Liu Y. Toughening mechanism based on the physical entanglement of branched epoxy resin in the non-phase-separated inhomogeneous crosslinking network: An experimental and molecular dynamics simulation study. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Hou Z, Li C, Wang H, Li B, Cai H. The P/Si synergistic effect enduing epoxy resin with improved flame retardancy and outstanding mechanical properties. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221080661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bisphenol F epoxy resin (DGEBF) reacted with 10-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenantbrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) and phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS) to obtain a novel epoxy resin containing both phosphorus and silicon (EP-P/Si). EP-P/Si exhibited evidently improved flame retardancy, with a limited oxygen index value of 33.4% and UL-94 V-1 rating acquired. In cone calorimeter test, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC), and total smoke production (TSP) were reduced by 36.0%, 19.5%,11.5%, and 7.2% compared with neat epoxy resin (EP), respectively, indicating that the P/Si synergistic effect not only improved the flame retardancy but also inhibited the smoke release. The flame retardancy mechanism was studied by analysis of char residue and pyrolysis behavior in gas phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results exhibited that EP-P/Si formed a dense and compact carbon layer acting as a barrier to inhibit further combustion. And the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that it had good thermal stability. In addition, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results suggested that the phosphorus-containing radicals (·PO2) that had quenching effect existed in the gas phase. While the flame retardancy got improved, EP-P/Si also exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with an improvement of 31.8%, 6.2%, and 369.7% in tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength compared with EP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Shanghai Composites Science & Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huihuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bolun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haopeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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9
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Zhu T, Lu C, Lu X, Zhi J, Song Y. Curing process optimization and mechanical properties improvement of epoxy resin copolymer modified by epoxy-terminated hyperbranched polyether sulfone. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Zhang YF, Liu JZ, Li J, Wang CY, Ren Q. Synthesis and storage stability investigation on curing agent microcapsules of imidazole derivatives with aqueous polyurethane as the shell. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Zhang J, Wang C, Feng W, Tang Y. Cyanate ester resins with superior dielectric, mechanical, and flame retardant properties by introducing fluorinated hyperbranched polyaryletherketone. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00211f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyanate ester resins are broadly applied in electronic packaging, printed circuit boards, radome, and communication satellites. Herein, a novel fluorinated hyperbranched polyaryletherketone (HBPAEK) with epoxy terminal group was synthesized by...
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12
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Mingfeng C, Huawei Q, Shanshan L, Wei Z, Jiashui L, Canpei L, Huagui Z. Novel Si/N/P‐Containing Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin with Excellent Comprehensive Performance. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Mingfeng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Qiao Huawei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Li Shanshan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhong Wei
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., LTD. Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Lan Jiashui
- Research and Development Department Xiamen Waexim Rubber Co., LTD. Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Liu Canpei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Zhang Huagui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Materials Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
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13
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Liang X, Li X, Tang Y, Zhang X, Wei W, Liu X. Hyperbranched epoxy resin-grafted graphene oxide for efficient and all-purpose epoxy resin modification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 611:105-117. [PMID: 34933189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite great efforts have been made on epoxy resins modification, development of additives that can be used to efficiently and universally modify epoxy composites remains a challenging task. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) sheets were covalently linked with hyperbranched epoxy resin (HBPEE-epoxy) to form HBPEE-epoxy functionalized GO (HPE-GO), which was then incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) matrix to achieve efficient and all-purpose enhancement of the properties of EPs. Compared with unmodified GO sheets, the functionalized HPE-GO sheets were better dispersed and exhibited better interfacial compatibility with the epoxy matrix, and consequently, the mechanical and thermal properties of HPE-GO/EP composites improved significantly compared to unmodified GO/EP composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness (KIC) of EP composites containing 0.5 wt% HPE-GO increased by 65.0%, 36.2%, 259.1%, and 178.9%, respectively, compared with those for the neat EP. The storage modulus (E'), glass transition temperature (Tg), and thermal stability (T5%) also showed modest improvements. Furthermore, the HPE-GO/EP composites exhibited optimal thermal conductivities and thermal expansion properties, while maintaining higher volume resistivities compared with GO/EP composites. The results of this study support that HPE-GO is a promising, all-purpose modifier for EPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, PR China.
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14
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Lee JH. Highly Adhesive and Sustainable UV/Heat Dual-Curable Adhesives Embedded with Reactive Core-Shell Polymer Nanoparticles for Super-Narrow Bezel Display. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13163492. [PMID: 32784686 PMCID: PMC7475906 DOI: 10.3390/ma13163492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To achieve the seamless characteristics of displays, liquid crystal (LC) devices need a super-narrow bezel design. This device architecture can be constructed using functional adhesives that possess excellent physical and chemical properties. In this study, mechanically robust ultraviolet (UV)/heat dual-curable adhesives with outstanding reliability and processability have been fabricated using reactive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) core-shell nanoparticles. Their curing characteristics, narrow drawing processability, adhesive strength, elongation at break, and the contact contamination of LCs have been investigated. Compared to conventional adhesive material, the proposed adhesive containing multifunctional PMMA/PEI nanoparticles afforded a high adhesion strength of 40.2 kgf cm−2 and a high elongation of 64.8% due to the formation of a firm crosslinked network with matrix resins comprising bisphenol A epoxy resin and bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate. Moreover, the proposed adhesive showed an excellent narrow drawing width of 1.2 mm, which is a prerequisite for super-narrow bezel display. With regard to LC contamination, it was found that the level of contamination could be remarkably reduced to 61 µm by a high-temperature curing process. This study makes a significant contribution to the development of advanced display, because it provides robust and sustainable display adhesives based on nanomaterials, thereby enhancing the life and sustained operability of displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyup Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
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15
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16
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Wei D, Huang X, Zeng J, Deng S, Xu J. Facile synthesis of a castor oil‐based hyperbranched acrylate oligomer and its application in UV‐curable coatings. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daidong Wei
- Guangzhou Chemical Grouting Co. Ltd., CAS Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Chemical Grouting Engineering and Technology Research and Development Center Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaomei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cellulose and Lignocellulosics Chemistry, Guangzhou Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Juanjuan Zeng
- Guangzhou Chemical Grouting Co. Ltd., CAS Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Chemical Grouting Engineering and Technology Research and Development Center Guangzhou China
| | - Shuling Deng
- Guangzhou Chemical Grouting Co. Ltd., CAS Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Chemical Grouting Engineering and Technology Research and Development Center Guangzhou China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Guangzhou Chemical Grouting Co. Ltd., CAS Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Chemical Grouting Engineering and Technology Research and Development Center Guangzhou China
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17
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Kausar A. Performance of corrosion protective epoxy blend-based nanocomposite coatings: a review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1673410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Kausar
- Nanosciences Division, National Center For Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaworski C. Capricho
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Fox
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nishar Hameed
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
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19
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Chen J, Ren X, Yi C, Su S, Wang X. Toughness and reinforcement of adipic acid-polyoxypropylene diamine copolymer modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A: Induced by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Zhang J, Chen S, Qin B, Zhang D, Guo P, He Q. Preparation of hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids for epoxy resin with simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Xiao L, Liu Z, Hu F, Wang Y, Huang J, Chen J, Nie X. A renewable tung oil-derived nitrile rubber and its potential use in epoxy-toughening modifiers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25880-25889. [PMID: 35530098 PMCID: PMC9070381 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The renewable tung oil-derived nitrile rubber, toughening epoxy resin dramatically, may take the place of traditional petroleum-based epoxy-toughening modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laihui Xiao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Zengshe Liu
- USDA
- ARS
- National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research
- Bio-Oils Research Unit
- Peoria
| | - Fangfang Hu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Jinrui Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
| | - Xiaoan Nie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products
- CAF
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Lab on Forest Chemical Engineering
- SFA
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22
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Zhang J, Chen S, He Q, Guo P, Xu Z, Zhang D. Toughening benzoxazines with hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids: Effect of cations and anions. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Yu X, Sreenivasan S, Tian K, Zheng T, Lawrence JG, Pilla S. Sustainable Animal Protein-Intermeshed Epoxy Hybrid Polymers: From Conquering Challenges to Engineering Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14361-14370. [PMID: 31458124 PMCID: PMC6644357 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of highly modifiable chemical functional groups, abundance of functional groups, and their biological origin make proteins an important class of biomaterials from a fundamental science and applied engineering perspective. Hence, the utilization of proteins from the animal rendering industry (animal protein, AP) for high-value, nonfeed, and nonfertilizer applications is intensely pursued. Although this leads to the exploration of protein-derived plastics as a plausible alternative, the proposed methods are energy-intensive and not based on protein in its native form, which leads to high processing and production costs. Here, we propose, for the first time, novel pathways to develop engineered hybrid systems utilizing AP in its native form and epoxy resins with mechanical properties ranging from toughened thermosets to elastic epoxy-based systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate the capability to engineer the properties of epoxy-AP hybrids from high-strength hybrids to elastic films through controlling the interaction, hydrophilicity, as well as the extent of cross-linking and network density. Through the facile introduction of cochemicals, a sevenfold increase in the mechanical properties of the conventional epoxy-AP hybrid is achieved. Similarly, because of better compatibility afforded by the similar hydrophilicity, AP demonstrated higher cross-linking capability with a water-soluble epoxy (WEP) matrix, resulting in an elastic WEP-AP hybrid without any external aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Sreeprasad Sreenivasan
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Polymer
Institute, The University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kevin Tian
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Southside
High School, Greenville, SC 29605, United
States
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
| | - Joseph G. Lawrence
- Polymer
Institute, The University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Srikanth Pilla
- Department
of Automotive Engineering and Clemson Composites Center, Clemson University, 4 Research Dr, Greenville, South Carolina 29607, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson
University, Sirrine Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
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24
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Ma C, Qiu S, Wang J, Sheng H, Zhang Y, Hu W, Hu Y. Facile synthesis of a novel hyperbranched poly(urethane-phosphine oxide) as an effective modifier for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Sahoo SK, Khandelwal V, Manik G. Renewable Approach To Synthesize Highly Toughened Bioepoxy from Castor Oil Derivative–Epoxy Methyl Ricinoleate and Cured with Biorenewable Phenalkamine. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta K. Sahoo
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Khandelwal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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26
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Origin of Modulus Improvement for Epoxide-terminated Hyperbranched Poly(ether sulphone)/DGEBA/TETA Systems. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Miao X, Han B, Xing A, Liu T, He L, Li X, Meng Y. Tetrafunctional epoxy as an all-purpose modifier for homopolymerized bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuepei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing 100081 People's Republic of China
| | - An Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Tuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Lifan He
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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28
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Liu H, Gao X, Deng B, Huang G. Simultaneously reinforcing and toughening epoxy network with a novel hyperbranched polysiloxane modifier. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Bo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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29
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One-pot synthesis of tetramethyl biphenyl backboned hyperbranched epoxy resin as an efficient toughening modifier for two epoxy curing systems. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Miao X, Xing A, Yang W, He L, Meng Y, Li X. Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched polyether/DGEBA hybrid coatings. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Liu H, Zhang J, Gao X, Huang G. Simultaneous reinforcement and toughness improvement of an epoxy–phenolic network with a hyperbranched polysiloxane modifier. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17606-17615. [PMID: 35542091 PMCID: PMC9080479 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An epoxy–phenolic network is modified with hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi). The addition of HBPSi-2, which has medium molecular weight, can significantly decrease the viscosity of the uncured epoxy–phenolic system and increase the crosslinking density and homogeneity of the cured crosslinking network. With 10% HBPSi-2, the mechanical properties of the samples are improved comprehensively: tensile modulus and maximum strength increase by 11.4% and 36.2%, respectively, while elongation at break and impact strength increase by 153.8% and 186.7%, respectively. The comprehensive improvements in the mechanical properties are attributed to combined effects of crosslinking density, network rigidity, cohesive density and the matrix-modifier compatibility. What is more, HBPSi-2 also significantly increases the char yield of the material and decreases the thermal weight loss rate, indicating an improved thermal stability. All these results may provide a new strategy for toughness and strength improvement of the epoxy–phenolic network. An epoxy–phenolic network is modified with hyperbranched polysiloxane (HBPSi).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Xiaoxiao Gao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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32
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Liu H, Li J, Gao X, Deng B, Huang G. Double network epoxies with simultaneous high mechanical property and shape memory performance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Wang X, Wang J, Liu C, Jian X. An investigation of the relationship between the performance of polybenzoxazine and backbone structure of hyperbranched epoxy modifiers. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Centre of High Performance Resins; Dalian China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Centre of High Performance Resins; Dalian China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Department of Polymer Science and Materials; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- Liaoning Province Engineering Research Centre of High Performance Resins; Dalian China
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34
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Wang X, Zong L, Han J, Wang J, Liu C, Jian X. Toughening and reinforcing of benzoxazine resins using a new hyperbranched polyether epoxy as a non-phase-separation modifier. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Simultaneous enhancements in toughness, tensile strength, and thermal properties of epoxy-anhydride thermosets with a carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Synthesis of epoxide functionalized hyperbranched polyurethane and its blending with benzoxazine: cure kinetics and thermal properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-1949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Tian N, Ning R, Kong J. Self-toughening of epoxy resin through controlling topology of cross-linked networks. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Fei X, Zhao F, Wei W, Luo J, Chen M, Liu X. Tannic Acid as a Bio-Based Modifier of Epoxy/Anhydride Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E314. [PMID: 30974594 PMCID: PMC6431882 DOI: 10.3390/polym8090314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toughening an epoxy resin by bio-based modifiers without trade-offs in its modulus, mechanical strength, and other properties is still a big challenge. This paper presents an approach to modify epoxy resin with tannic acid (TA) as a bio-based feedstock. Carboxylic acid-modified tannic acid (TA⁻COOH) was first prepared through a simple esterification between TA and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride, and then used as a modifier for the epoxy/anhydride curing system. Owing to the chemical modification, TA⁻COOH could easily disperse in epoxy resin and showed adequate interface interaction between TA⁻COOH and epoxy matrix, in avoid of phase separation. The use of TA⁻COOH in different proportions as modifier of epoxy/anhydride thermosets was studied. The results showed that TA⁻COOH could significantly improve the toughness with a great increase in impact strength under a low loading amount. Moreover, the addition of TA⁻COOH also simultaneously improved the tensile strength, elongation at break and glass transition temperature. The toughening and reinforcing mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal mechanical analysis (TMA), which should be owned to the synergistic effect of good interface interaction, aromatic structure, decreasing of cross linking density and increasing of free volume. This approach allows us to utilize the renewable tannic acid as an effective modifier for epoxy resin with good mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoma Fei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Fangqiao Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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39
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Liu T, Han B, Zhang L, Wu M, Xing A, Miao X, Meng Y, Li X. Environmentally friendly high performance homopolymerized epoxy using hyperbranched epoxy as a modifier. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22474h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance, low cost, and environmentally friendly epoxy is demonstrated for the first time by copolymerizing a small amount of epoxide-terminated hyperbranched polyether with DGEBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics
- School and Hospital of Stomatology
- Peking University
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Liangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Min Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - An Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xuepei Miao
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P. R. China
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40
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Zou ZP, Liu XB, Wu YP, Tang B, Chen M, Zhao XL. Hyperbranched polyurethane as a highly efficient toughener in epoxy thermosets with reaction-induced microphase separation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the toughness and thermal properties without affecting other mechanical properties in the hyperbranched polyurethane modified epoxy were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Ping Zou
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Xiao-Bing Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Ye-Ping Wu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Bing Tang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Mao Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Xiu-Li Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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41
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Jin Q, Misasi JM, Wiggins JS, Morgan SE. Simultaneous reinforcement and toughness improvement in an aromatic epoxy network with an aliphatic hyperbranched epoxy modifier. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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