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Vinogradov MI, Golova LK, Makarov IS, Bondarenko GN, Levin IS, Arkharova NA, Kulichikhin VG. Transformation of Specific Dispersion Interactions between Cellulose and Polyacrylonitrile in Solutions into Covalent Interactions in Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5843. [PMID: 37687536 PMCID: PMC10489092 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Morphological transformations in emulsions of cellulose and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ternary copolymers containing acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and methylsulfonate comonomers in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide were studied over the entire range of concentrations depending on temperature and intensity of the deformation action. Based on the morphological and rheological features of the system, the temperature-concentration range of spinnability of mixed solutions was determined, and composite fibers were spun. The fibers are characterized by a heterogeneous fibrillar texture. Studies of the structure of the fibers, carried out using X-ray diffraction analysis, revealed a decrease in cellulose crystallinity with an increase in the content of PAN. The study of the thermal properties of the obtained fibers, carried out using DSC, and chemical transformations in them in a wide temperature range by high-temperature diffuse reflection IR spectroscopy made it possible to reveal a new intense exothermic peak on the thermograms at 360 °C, which according to the IR spectra corresponds to the transformation of intermacromolecular physical interactions of the PAN and cellulose into covalent bonds between polymers. In addition, the ester groups found during the thermal treatment of the PAN part of the composite fibers in the pyrolysis zone can have a key effect on the process of their further carbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markel I. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Lyudmila K. Golova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Igor S. Makarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Galina N. Bondarenko
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Ivan S. Levin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Natalia A. Arkharova
- A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Research Center Crystallography and Photonics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valery G. Kulichikhin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29, Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.); (G.N.B.); (I.S.L.)
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Makarov IS, Vinogradov MI, Golova LK, Arkharova NA, Shambilova GK, Makhatova VE, Naukenov MZ. Design and Fabrication of Membranes Based on PAN Copolymer Obtained from Solutions in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142861. [PMID: 35890637 PMCID: PMC9323739 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An original method is proposed for preparing highly concentrated solutions of PAN copolymer in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) and forming membranes for nanofiltration from these solutions. The high activity of the solvent with respect to the polymer provides short preparation time of spinning solutions in comparison with PAN solutions obtained in other solvents. The use of the rheological approach made it possible to find the optimal concentration for obtaining membranes. The formation of PAN membranes from the obtained solutions is proposed by the rolling method. The morphology of the formed membranes depends on the method of removing the precipitant from the sample. The features of the formed morphology of PAN membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was revealed that the use of water as a rigid precipitant leads to the formation of a homogeneous and symmetric morphology in the membrane. The average pore sizes in the membrane have been obtained by porosimetry. The study of the separating properties of PAN membranes revealed noteworthy values of the permeability and rejection for the anionic dyes Orange II and Remazol Brilliant Blue (74 and 97%, respectively). The mechanical properties of PAN membranes from solutions in NMMO are not inferior to analogs formed from commercially used direct solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S. Makarov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Markel I. Vinogradov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.)
| | - Lyudmila K. Golova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.I.V.); (L.K.G.)
| | - Natalia A. Arkharova
- Federal Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, A.V. Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, 59/1 Leninsky Prospekt, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gulbarshin K. Shambilova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau 060011, Kazakhstan; (G.K.S.); (V.E.M.)
| | - Valentina E. Makhatova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Kh. Dosmukhamedov Atyrau University, Atyrau 060011, Kazakhstan; (G.K.S.); (V.E.M.)
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Ahn H, Yeo SY, Lee BS. Designing Materials and Processes for Strong Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2863. [PMID: 34502902 PMCID: PMC8434603 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers have been successfully commercialized owing to their excellent material properties, their actual mechanical performance is still much lower than the theoretical values. Meanwhile, there is a growing demand for the use of superior carbon fibers. As such, many studies have been conducted to improve the mechanical performance of carbon fibers. Among the various approaches, designing a strong precursor fiber with a well-developed microstructure and morphology can constitute the most effective strategy to achieve superior performance. In this review, the efforts used to modulate materials, processing, and additives to deliver strong precursor fibers were thoroughly investigated. Our work demonstrates that the design of materials and processes is a fruitful pathway for the enhancement of the mechanical performance of carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - Sang Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi, Korea;
| | - Byoung-Sun Lee
- School of Polymer System/Department of Fiber Convergence Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin 16890, Gyeonggi, Korea
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Qiao M, Kong H, Ding X, Hu Z, Zhang L, Cao Y, Yu M. Effect of Different Pressures of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Microstructure of PAN Fibers during the Hot-Drawing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11030403. [PMID: 30960387 PMCID: PMC6473231 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The hot-drawing process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is an important step during the production of PAN-based carbon fibers. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) was used as one kind of media for thermal stretching of PAN fibers to study the effect of different pressures of Sc-CO2 on crystallinity, degree of orientation and mechanical property of PAN fibers during the hot-drawing process. The changes of microstructure and mechanical properties in the PAN fibers were investigated by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering and monofilament strength analysis. The results showed that as the pressure increased, the crystallinity and degree of orientation of PAN fibers increased. Furthermore, when the pressure was 10 MPa, the crystallinity increased from 69.78% to 79.99%, which was the maximum crystallinity among the different pressures. However, when the pressure was further increased, the crystallinity and degree of orientation of the fibers were reduced. The test results of the mechanical properties were consistent with the trends of crystallinity and degree of orientation, showing that when the pressure was 10 MPa, the tensile strength of the fibers increased from 4.59 cN·dtex−1 to 7.06 cN·dtex−1 and the modulus increased from 101.54 cN·dtex−1 to 129.55 cN·dtex−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Haijuan Kong
- School of Materials Engineer, Shanghai University of Engineer Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Xiaoma Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Luwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yuanzhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Eom Y, Kim BC. The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on the dissociation process of physical complexes of polyacrylonitrile in N
,N
-dimethylformamide. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Eom
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
| | - Byoung Chul Kim
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering; Hanyang University; Seoul Korea
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Effects of physical association through nitrile groups on the MWD-dependent viscosity behavior of polyacrylonitrile solutions. Macromol Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-017-5034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Eom Y, Park Y, Jung YM, Kim BC. Effects of conformational change of polyacrylonitrile on the aging behavior of the solutions in N,N-dimethyl formamide. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eom Y, Kim BC. Effects of chain conformation on the viscoelastic properties of polyacrylonitrile gels under large amplitude oscillatory shear. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rheological behavior of poly(acrylonitrile) concentrated solutions: effect of Sb2O3 nanoparticles on shear and extensional flow. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shear and extensional rheological characterization of poly(acrylonitrile)/halloysite nanocomposite solutions. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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