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Park Y, Park JJ, Park KS, Hong YM, Lee EJ, Kim SO, Lee JH. Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors through a BaTiO 3/polydopamine Cover Layer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4014. [PMID: 37836063 PMCID: PMC10575367 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To fabricate multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) that can withstand external impacts, technologies to achieve excellent adhesion and mechanical strength of the cover layer should be essentially developed. Low adhesion and strength of the cover layer can lead to delamination and cracks in the MLCC, respectively. In this study, we present a method for applying polydopamine (PDA), a mussel-inspired adhesive protein, for as robust cover layer on an MLCC. Barium titanate (BT) particles treated with PDA increase the dispersion stability of the BT/PDA slurry, preventing re-agglomeration of the particles and enhancing the adhesiveness and strength owing to the cohesive properties of PDA. Compared to the BT layer, the adhesion of the BT/PDA layer was significantly enhanced by 217%; consequently, the compression modulus of the BT/PDA cover layer increased by 29.4%. After firing, the N-doped graphitic PDA played an important role in producing an MLCC cover layer with increased hardness and toughness. Furthermore, the N-doped graphitic PDA with a hydrophobic surface forms tortuous moisture paths in the cover layer, preventing the degradation of insulation resistance of the MLCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Park
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Jung Jin Park
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Kwan Soo Park
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Yong Min Hong
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- MLCC Green Chip Lab, MLCC Development Team, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon-si 16674, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.); (J.J.P.); (K.S.P.); (Y.M.H.); (E.J.L.)
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Terziyan TV, Safronov AP, Beketov IV, Medvedev AI, Armas SF, Kurlyandskaya GV. Adhesive and Magnetic Properties of Polyvinyl Butyral Composites with Embedded Metallic Nanoparticles. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248311. [PMID: 34960405 PMCID: PMC8706494 DOI: 10.3390/s21248311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Ni, Ni82Fe18, Ni50Fe50, Ni64Fe36, and Fe were prepared by the technique of the electrical explosion of metal wire. The average size of the MNPs of all types was in the interval of 50 to 100 nm. Magnetic polymeric composites based on polyvinyl butyral with embedded metal MNPs were synthesized and their structural, adhesive, and magnetic properties were comparatively analyzed. The interaction of polyvinyl butyral (supplied as commercial GE cryogenic varnish) with metal MNPs was studied by microcalorimetry. The enthalpy of adhesion was also evaluated. The positive values of the enthalpy of interaction with GE increase in the series Ni82Fe18, Ni64Fe36, Ni50Fe50, and Fe. Interaction of Ni MNPs with GE polymer showed the negative change in the enthalpy. No interfacial adhesion of GE polymer to the surface of Fe and permalloy MNPs in composites was observed. The enthalpy of interaction with GE polymer was close to zero for Ni95Fe5 composite. Structural characterization of the GE/Ni composites with the MNPs with the lowest saturation magnetization confirmed that they tended to be aggregated even for the materials with lowest MNPs concentrations due to magnetic interaction between permalloy MNPs. In the case of GE composites with Ni MNPs, a favorable adhesion of GE polymer to the surface of MNPs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V. Terziyan
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (T.V.T.); (A.P.S.); (I.V.B.)
| | - Alexander P. Safronov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (T.V.T.); (A.P.S.); (I.V.B.)
- Pulsed Processes Laboratory, Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Igor V. Beketov
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (T.V.T.); (A.P.S.); (I.V.B.)
- Pulsed Processes Laboratory, Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | - Anatoly I. Medvedev
- Pulsed Processes Laboratory, Institute of Electrophysics UB RAS, 620016 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
| | | | - Galina V. Kurlyandskaya
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia; (T.V.T.); (A.P.S.); (I.V.B.)
- Department of Electricity and Electronics, Basque Country University UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-94-601-3237
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Nötzel D, Eickhoff R, Pfeifer C, Hanemann T. Printing of Zirconia Parts via Fused Filament Fabrication. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195467. [PMID: 34639866 PMCID: PMC8509539 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a process chain for the fabrication of dense zirconia parts will be presented covering the individual steps feedstock compounding, 3D printing via Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) and thermal postprocessing including debinding and sintering. A special focus was set on the comprehensive rheological characterization of the feedstock systems applying high-pressure capillary and oscillation rheometry. The latter allowed the representation of the flow situation especially in the nozzle of the print head with the occurring low-shear stress. Oscillation rheometry enabled the clarification of the surfactant’s concentration, here stearic acid, or more general, the feedstocks composition influence on the resulting feedstock flow behavior. Finally, dense ceramic parts (best values around 99 % of theory) were realized with structural details smaller than 100 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Nötzel
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (D.N.); (R.E.)
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ralf Eickhoff
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (D.N.); (R.E.)
| | - Christoph Pfeifer
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Thomas Hanemann
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; (D.N.); (R.E.)
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-721-608-22585
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Calucci L, Pizzanelli S, Mandoli A, Birczyński A, Lalowicz ZT, De Monte C, Ricci L, Bronco S. Unravelling Main- and Side-Chain Motions in Polymers with NMR Spectroscopy and Relaxometry: The Case of Polyvinyl Butyral. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2686. [PMID: 34451226 PMCID: PMC8398131 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is an amorphous polymer employed in many technological applications. In order to highlight the relationships between macroscopic properties and dynamics at a microscopic level, motions of the main-chain and of the propyl side-chains were investigated between Tg - 288 °C and Tg + 55 °C, with Tg indicating the glass transition temperature. To this aim, a combination of solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods was applied to two purposely synthesized PVB isotopomers: one fully protonated and the other perdeuterated on the side-chains. 1H time domain NMR and 1H field cycling NMR relaxometry experiments, performed across and above Tg, revealed that the dynamics of the main-chain corresponds to the α-relaxation associated to the glass transition, which was previously characterized by dielectric spectroscopy. A faster secondary relaxation was observed for the first time and ascribed to side-chains. The geometry and rate of motions of the different groups in the side-chains were characterized below Tg by 2H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Calucci
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pizzanelli
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Centro per l’Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell’Università di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mandoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Artur Birczyński
- Institute of Technology, The Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław T. Lalowicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Cristina De Monte
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Lucia Ricci
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bronco
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (C.D.M.); (L.R.); (S.B.)
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Terziyan TV, Safronov AP, Zalyaeva ER, Beketov IV, Lakiza NV. Thermochemical Analysis of the Interaction between Interfaces in Composites Containing Nanodispersed Powders of Al and Al2O3. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420120286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Processing of Highly Filled Polymer-Metal Feedstocks for Fused Filament Fabrication and the Production of Metallic Implants. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13194413. [PMID: 33022989 PMCID: PMC7579466 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a new procedure for the production of plastic parts, particularly if the parts have a complex geometry and are only needed in a limited quantity, e.g., in specific medical applications. In addition to the production of parts which are purely composed of polymers, fused filament fabrication can be successfully applied for the preparation of green bodies for sintering of metallic implant materials in medical applications. In this case, highly filled polymer–metal feedstocks, which contain a variety of polymeric components, are used. In this study, we focus on various polymer-metal feedstocks, investigate the rheological properties of these materials, and relate them to our results of FFF experiments. Small amplitudes of shear oscillations reveal that the linear range of the polymer–metal feedstocks under investigation is very small, which is caused by elastic and viscous interactions between the metallic particles. These interactions strongly influence or even dominate the flow properties of the feedstock depending on the applied shear stress. The magnitude of the complex viscosity strongly increases with decreasing angular frequency, which indicates the existence of an apparent yield stress. The viscosity increase caused by the high powder loading needed for sintering limits the maximum printing velocity and the minimum layer height. The apparent yield stress hinders the formation of smooth surfaces in the FFF process and slows down the welding of deposited layers. The influence of composition on the processing parameters (suitable temperature range) and part properties (e.g., surface roughness) is discussed on the basis of rheological data.
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Pizzanelli S, Prevosto D, Labardi M, Guazzini T, Bronco S, Forte C, Calucci L. Dynamics of poly(vinyl butyral) studied using dielectric spectroscopy and 1H NMR relaxometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:31804-31812. [PMID: 29171606 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric Spectroscopy (DS) and 1H Fast Field-Cycling (FFC) NMR relaxometry were applied for understanding the dynamic behavior of the amorphous ter-polymer poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) across the glass transition temperature (Tg = 70 °C by Differential Scanning Calorimetry). Above Tg, main chain segmental motions (α relaxation) were detected and characterized using both DS and FFC NMR relaxometry. The correlation times extracted by the analysis of DS and FFC NMR relaxometry data agreed within a factor of three and showed a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann temperature dependence, with an associated Tg of 69 °C and a fragility of 155 for PVB glass. Below Tg, a secondary process (β relaxation) was revealed by DS, and was ascribed to reorientations of the vinyl alcohol dipoles due to local twisting motions with an associated activation barrier of 11 kcal mol-1. The β process was also found to contribute to 1H NMR relaxation above Tg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pizzanelli
- CNR-ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniele Prevosto
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Labardi
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Guazzini
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Bronco
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per Processi Chimico-Fisici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Forte
- CNR-ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lucia Calucci
- CNR-ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Modelling of Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds: Key for Their Successful Scale Up. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10111729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kollmetz T, Georgopanos P, Handge UA. Rheology in shear and elongation and dielectric spectroscopy of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) diblock copolymers. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Georgopanos P, Schneider GA, Dreyer A, Handge UA, Filiz V, Feld A, Yilmaz ED, Krekeler T, Ritter M, Weller H, Abetz V. Exceptionally strong, stiff and hard hybrid material based on an elastomer and isotropically shaped ceramic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7314. [PMID: 28779139 PMCID: PMC5544721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the fabrication of hard, stiff and strong nanocomposites based on polybutadiene and iron oxide nanoparticles is presented. The nanocomposites are fabricated via a general concept for mechanically superior nanocomposites not based on the brick and mortar structure, thus on globular nanoparticles with nanosized organic shells. For the fabrication of the composites oleic acid functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated via ligand exchange with an α,ω-polybutadiene dicarboxylic acid. The functionalized particles were processed at 145 °C. Since polybutadiene contains double bonds the nanocomposites obtained a crosslinked structure which was enhanced by the presence of oxygen or sulfur. It was found that the crosslinking and filler percolation yields high elastic moduli of approximately 12–20 GPa and hardness of 15–18 GPa, although the polymer volume fraction is up to 40%. We attribute our results to a catalytically enhanced crosslinking reaction of the polymer chains induced by oxygen or sulfur and to the microstructure of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prokopios Georgopanos
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Axel Dreyer
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Handge
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Artur Feld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ezgi D Yilmaz
- Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Hamburg University of Technology, Denickestrasse 15, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ritter
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorferstraße 42, D-21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Hamburg University, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany.
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Kumar D, Dangayach GS, Rao PN. Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Alumina Filled Polypropylene Composites Using Injection Molding Process. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present study, Polypropylene composites were fabricated by varying different weight percentages (0 to 20%) of alumina powder by using Injection Molding Technique. Then the fabricated composites were characterized by physical characterization such as void content test, chemical characterization such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical characterization such as Shore hardness test, flexural test, compressive strength, Izod impact test, thermo-mechanical characterizations such as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Thermo-gravimetric analysis and morphological characterizations such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the shore hardness values increase up to 25% with the increase in alumina filler up to 20%. The highest flexural strength and flexural modulus achieved are 59.26 MPa and 2126 MPa respectively with 20% filler loading. Further, it was also revealed that the storage modulus of the composites was found to be higher than that of the virgin PP because filler increases the stiffness of the composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements indicate that both the initial degradation temperature and end degradation temperature increase with increasing filler content. SEM exhibits that alumina particles were uniformly and finely dispersed though some aggregates and agglomerates are identifiable. AFM results indicate that morphology of alumina in the PP matrix is characterized by a chainlike branched structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department , M.N.I.T, Deemed University, Jaipur , India
| | - G. S. Dangayach
- Mechanical Engineering Department , M.N.I.T, Deemed University, Jaipur , India
| | - P. N. Rao
- Department of Technology , University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA , USA
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Brostow W, Lobland HEH, Hnatchuk N, Perez JM. Improvement of Scratch and Wear Resistance of Polymers by Fillers Including Nanofillers. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7030066. [PMID: 28336900 PMCID: PMC5388168 DOI: 10.3390/nano7030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymers have lower resistance to scratching and wear than metals. Liquid lubricants work well for metals but not for polymers nor for polymer-based composites (PBCs). We review approaches for improvement of tribological properties of polymers based on inclusion of fillers. The fillers can be metallic or ceramic-with obvious consequences for electrical resistivity of the composites. Distinctions between effectiveness of micro- versus nano-particles are analyzed. For example, aluminum nanoparticles as filler are more effective for property improvement than microparticles at the same overall volumetric concentration. Prevention of local agglomeration of filler particles is discussed along with a technique to verify the prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Brostow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
| | - Haley E Hagg Lobland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
| | - Nathalie Hnatchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
| | - Jose M Perez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, 3940 North Elm Street, Denton, TX 76207, USA.
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