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Blom M, van Putten RJ, van der Maas K, Wang B, van Klink GPM, Gruter GJM. Terephthalate Copolyesters Based on 2,3-Butanediol and Ethylene Glycol and Their Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2177. [PMID: 39125202 PMCID: PMC11314993 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the synthesis and performance of novel copolyesters containing 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) as a biobased secondary diol. This presents an opportunity for improving their thermal properties and reducing crystallinity, while also being more sustainable. It is, however, a challenge to synthesize copolyesters of sufficient molecular weight that also have high 2,3-BDO content, due to the reduced reactivity of secondary diols compared to primary diols. Terephthalate-based polyesters were synthesized in combination with different ratios of 2,3-BDO and ethylene glycol (EG). With a 2,3-BDO to EG ratio of 28:72, an Mn of 31.5 kDa was reached with a Tg of 88 °C. The Mn dropped with increasing 2,3-BDO content to 18.1 kDa for a 2,3-BDO to EG ratio of 78:22 (Tg = 104 °C) and further to 9.8 kDa (Tg = 104 °C) for the homopolyester of 2,3-BDO and terephthalate. The water and oxygen permeability both increased significantly with increasing 2,3-BDO content and even the lowest content of 2,3-BDO (28% of total diol) performed significantly worse than PET. The incorporation of 2,3-BDO had little effect on the tensile properties of the polyesters, which were similar to PET. The results suggest that 2,3-BDO can be potentially applied for polyesters requiring higher Tg and lower crystallinity than existing materials (mainly PET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Blom
- Industrial Sustainable Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (M.B.); (R.-J.v.P.); (G.P.M.v.K.)
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
| | - Robert-Jan van Putten
- Industrial Sustainable Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (M.B.); (R.-J.v.P.); (G.P.M.v.K.)
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
| | - Kevin van der Maas
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
| | - Gerard P. M. van Klink
- Industrial Sustainable Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (M.B.); (R.-J.v.P.); (G.P.M.v.K.)
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
| | - Gert-Jan M. Gruter
- Industrial Sustainable Chemistry, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands or (M.B.); (R.-J.v.P.); (G.P.M.v.K.)
- Avantium N.V., Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (K.v.d.M.); (B.W.)
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Tang S, Li J, Wang Z, Zhang L. Design and Synthesis of Novel Bio-Based Polyester Elastomer with Tunable Oil Resistance. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300166. [PMID: 37357821 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Polarity determines the oil resistance property of elastomers. In this work, three bio-based polyester elastomers (BPEs) with different mass fraction of ester groups (E) are designed and synthesized aiming to study the relationship of E and oil resistance performance, and to obtain bio-based elastomer materials with tunable oil resistance. Through adjusting the chain length of monomers, E of poly(ethylene glycol/1,3-propanediol/succinate/adipate/itaconate)(PEPSAI), poly(1,3-propanediol/1,4-butanediol/succinate/adipate/itaconate)(PPBSAI), and poly(1,3-propanediol/1,4-butanediol/sebacate/adipate/itaconate)(PPBSeAI) are ≈50.39%, 48.55%, and 39.68%, respectively. Results show that E has great influence on the oil resistance of BPEs. After being immersed in IRM-903# oil for 72 h at room temperature, the changes in mass and volume of BPEs decrease along with the increasing mass fraction of ester groups, indicating improved oil resistance performance. PEPSAI with the highest mass fraction of ester groups presents better oil resistance and lower Tg (better low-temperature resistance) than one of the most used commercial oil-resistant rubber nitrile rubber (N230S). Thus, this work provides a promising strategy to obtain bio-based oil resistant elastomers with practical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer, Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer, Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer, Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Elastomer, Materials Energy Conservation and Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- South China University of Technology, Institute of Emergent Elastomers, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Boon ZH, Teo YY, Ang DTC. Recent development of biodegradable synthetic rubbers and bio-based rubbers using sustainable materials from biological sources. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34028-34052. [PMID: 36545000 PMCID: PMC9710532 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06602e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubber is an amorphous hyperelastic polymer which is widely used in this modern era. Natural rubber is considered the ultimate rubber in terms of mechanical performance, but over the years, some limitations and challenges in natural rubber cultivation that could result in serious shortages in the supply chain had been identified. Since then, the search for alternatives including new natural and synthetic rubbers has been rather intense. The initiative to explore new sources of natural rubber which started during the 1940s has been reignited recently due to the increasing demand for natural rubber. The commercialization of natural rubber from the Parthenium argentatum and Taraxacum kok-saghyz species, with the cooperation from rubber product manufacturing companies, has somewhat improved the sustainability of the natural rubber supply chain. Meanwhile, the high demand for synthetic rubber drastically increases the rate of depletion of fossil fuels and amplifies the adverse environmental effect of overexploitation of fossil fuels. Moreover, rubber and plastic products disposal have been a major issue for many decades, causing environmental pollution and the expansion of landfills. Sustainable synthetic rubber products could be realized through the incorporation of materials from biological sources. They are renewable, low cost, and most importantly, biodegradable in nature. In this review, brief introduction to natural and synthetic rubbers, challenges in the rubber industry, alternatives to conventional natural rubber, and recent advances in biodegradable and/or bio-based synthetic rubbers are discussed. The effect of incorporating various types of biologically sourced materials in the synthetic rubbers are also elaborated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hern Boon
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Yin Yin Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Universiti Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
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Duval A, Sarbu A, Dalmas F, Albertini D, Avérous L. 2,3-Butanediol as a Biobased Chain Extender for Thermoplastic Polyurethanes: Influence of Stereochemistry on Macromolecular Architectures and Properties. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Duval
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
- Soprema, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, Strasbourg 67100, France
| | - Alexandru Sarbu
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
- Soprema, 14 rue de Saint-Nazaire, Strasbourg 67100, France
| | - Florent Dalmas
- Univ. Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, MATEIS, UMR 5510, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - David Albertini
- Univ. Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INL, UMR 5270, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Luc Avérous
- BioTeam/ICPEES-ECPM, UMR CNRS 7515, Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg Cedex 2 67087, France
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Kim JH, Kim MS, Kim HJ, Kim JR, Ahn CH. Novel Potentially Biobased Copolyesters Comprising 1,3-Butanediol, 1,4-Cyclohexanedimethanol and Dimethyl Terephthalate; Effect of Different Catalysts on Polymerization Behavior. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gao Y, Xue J, Zhang L, Wang Z. Synthesis of bio-based polyester elastomers and evaluation of the in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability as biomedical materials. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3924-3934. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00436d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyester elastomers have found wide applications in the tissue engineering field. In this study, all bio-based polyester elastomer (BPE) is synthesized from five bio-based monomers; and the in vivo...
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Zhang Q, Song M, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang L. Bio-based polyesters: Recent progress and future prospects. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Huang M, Liu Y, Klier J, Schiffman JD. High-Performance, UV-Curable Crosslinked Films via Grafting of Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Methylene Malonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020; 59:4542-4548. [PMID: 34045792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermoset coatings have been used extensively to protect and enhance the appearance of substrates for industrial maintenance and architectural applications. Here, we demonstrate that anionic polymerization can be used to first graft hydroxyethyl methacrylate methylene malonate (HEMA-MM) onto a latex particle at ambient conditions, while subsequent ultraviolet (UV) exposure enabled their crosslinking into robust coatings. At room temperature, in the presence of air and water, the polymerization of HEMA-MM was initiated by anionic carboxyl groups present on the MAA latex particles and subsequently grafted onto the surface of particles. The pendent hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) group enabled UV-curing via free radical polymerization and the formation of a crosslinked network. Systematic investigations were conducted to study the formation and performance of the crosslinked coatings as a function of HEMA-MM incorporation. The incorporation of 10 wt% HEMA-MM into MAA latex yielded crosslinked coatings with decreased swelling, a heightened glass transition temperature (by ~20 °C) and a 2.9-fold improvement in the Young's moduli compared to controls (without HEMA-MM). Here, we demonstrate a facile method that provides a one-step grafting-functionalization approach using functional methylene malonates to produce UV-curable and high-performance coatings at room temperature and under atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - John Klier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jessica D Schiffman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Arnaud SP, Wu L, Wong Chang MA, Comerford JW, Farmer TJ, Schmid M, Chang F, Li Z, Mascal M. New bio-based monomers: tuneable polyester properties using branched diols from biomass. Faraday Discuss 2019; 202:61-77. [PMID: 28671209 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00057j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A family of monomers, including 2,5-hexandiol, 2,7-octandiol, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), terephthalic acid (TA), and branched-chain adipic and pimelic acid derivatives, all find a common derivation in the biomass-derived platform molecule 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). The diol monomers, previously little known to polymer chemistry, have been combined with FDCA and TA derivatives to produce a range of novel polyesters. It is shown that the use of secondary diols leads to polymers with higher glass transition temperatures (Tg) than those prepared from their primary diol equivalents. Two methods of polymerisation were investigated, the first employing activation of the aromatic diacids via the corresponding diacid chlorides and the second using a transesterification procedure. Longer chain diols were found to be more reactive than the shorter chain alternatives, generally giving rise to higher molecular weight polymers, an effect shown to be most pronounced when using the transesterification route. Finally, novel diesters with high degrees of branching in their hydrocarbon chains are introduced as potential monomers for possible low surface energy materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Pérocheau Arnaud
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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Kim JH, Kim JR, Ahn CH. Novel biobased copolyesters based on 1,2-propanediol or 2,3-butanediol with the same ethylene skeletal structure as PETG. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gao Y, Li Y, Hu X, Wu W, Wang Z, Wang R, Zhang L. Preparation and Properties of Novel Thermoplastic Vulcanizate Based on Bio-Based Polyester/Polylactic Acid, and Its Application in 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E694. [PMID: 30965994 PMCID: PMC6418593 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) combines the high elasticity of elastomers and excellent processability of thermoplastics. Novel bio-based TPV based on poly (lactide) (PLA) and poly (1,4-butanediol/2,3-butanediol/succinate/itaconic acid) (PBBSI) were prepared in this research. PBBSI copolyesters were synthesized by melting polycondensation, and the molecular weights, chemical structures and compositions of the copolyesters were characterized by GPC, NMR and FTIR. Bio-based 2,3-butanediol was successfully incorporated to depress the crystallization behavior of the PBBSI copolyester. With an increase of 2,3-butanediol content, the PBBSI copolyester transformed from a rigid plastic to a soft elastomer. Furthermore, the obtained TPV has good elasticity and rheological properties, which means it can be applied as a 3D-printing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoran Hu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Weidong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Runguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City for Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Enzymatic synthesis of biobased poly(1,4-butylene succinate-ran-2,3-butylene succinate) copolyesters and characterization. Influence of 1,4- and 2,3-butanediol contents. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Debuissy T, Pollet E, Avérous L. Synthesis of potentially biobased copolyesters based on adipic acid and butanediols: Kinetic study between 1,4- and 2,3-butanediol and their influence on crystallization and thermal properties. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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