1
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Makri SP, Klonos PA, Marra G, Karathanasis AZ, Deligkiozi I, Valera MÁ, Mangas A, Nikolaidis N, Terzopoulou Z, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Structure-property relationships in renewable composites of poly(lactic acid) reinforced by low amounts of micro- and nano-kraft-lignin. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5014-5027. [PMID: 38885039 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00622d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the direct and indirect effects of micro- and nano-kraft lignin, kL and NkL, respectively, at a quite low amount of 0.5 wt%, in poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. These renewable composites were prepared via two routes, either simple melt compounding or in situ reactive extrusion. The materials are selected and prepared using targeted methods in order to vary two variables, i.e., the size of kL and the synthetic method, while maintaining constant polymer chain lengths, L-/D-lactide isomer ratio and filler amounts. The direct/indirect effects were respectively investigated in the amorphous/semicrystalline state, as crystallinity plays in general a dominant role in polymers. The investigation involves structural, thermal and molecular mobility aspects. Non-extensive polymer-lignin interactions were recorded here, whereas the presence of the fillers led to both enhancements and suppressions of properties, e.g., glass transition, crystallization, melting temperatures, etc. The local and segmental molecular dynamics map of the said systems was constructed and is shown here for the first time, demonstrating both expected and unexpected trends. An interesting discrepancy between the trends in the calorimetric measurement against the dielectric Tg is revealed, providing indications for 'dynamical heterogeneities' in the composites as compared to neat PLA. The reactive extrusion as compared to compounding-based systems was found to exhibit stronger effects on crystallizability and mobility, most, probably due to the severe enhancement of the chains' diffusion. In general, the effects are more pronounced when employing nano-lignin compared to micro-lignin, which is the expected beneficial behaviour of nanocomposites vs. conventional composites. Interestingly, the variety of these effects can be easily manipulated by the proper selection of the preparation method and/or the thermal treatment under relatively mild conditions. The latter capability is actually desirable for processing and targeted applications and is proved here, once again, as an advantage of biobased polyesters such as PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia P Makri
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Creative Nano PC, 43 Tatoiou, Metamorfosi, 14451 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Dielectrics Group, Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Giacomo Marra
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel Valera
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Mangas
- AIMPLAS, Asociación de Investigación de Materiales Plásticos Y Conexas, Mechanochemistry & Reactive Extrusion, Carrer de Gustave Eiffel, 4, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nikolaos Nikolaidis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Zoi Terzopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Dielectrics Group, Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Zhao Y, Wu H, Yin R, Yu C, Matyjaszewski K, Bockstaller MR. Copolymer Brush Particle Hybrid Materials with "Recall-and-Repair" Capability. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:6990-6997. [PMID: 37719032 PMCID: PMC10501442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sequence structure on the self-healing and shape-memory properties of copolymer-tethered brush particle films was investigated and compared to linear copolymer analogs. Poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate), P(BA-co-MMA), and linear and brush analogs with controlled gradient and statistical sequence were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The effect of sequence on self-healing in BA/MMA copolymer brush particle hybrids followed similar trends as for linear analogs. Most rapid restoration of mechanical properties was found for statistical copolymer sequence; an increase of the high Tg (MMA) component provided a path to raise the material's modulus while retaining self-heal ability. Creep testing revealed profound differences between linear and brush systems. While linear copolymers featured substantial viscous deformation when exposed to constant stress in the linear regime, brush analogs displayed minimal permanent deformation and featured shape restoration. The reduction of flow was interpreted to be a consequence of slow cooperative relaxation due to the complex microstructure of brush particle hybrids in which long-range motions are constrained through entanglements and slow-diffusing particle cores. The rubbery-like response imparts BA/MMA copolymer brush material systems concurrent "shape-memory" and "self-heal" capability. This ability to "recall-and-repair" could find application in the design of functional hybrid materials, for example, for soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hanshu Wu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongguan Yin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenxi Yu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Agbakoba VC, Hlangothi P, Andrew J, John MJ. Preparation of cellulose nanocrystal (CNCs) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) bionanocomposites filaments using biobased additives for 3D printing applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4447-4463. [PMID: 37638155 PMCID: PMC10448353 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the experimental steps taken towards the preparation of 3D printable bionanocomposites using polylactic acid (PLA) biopolymer containing 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt% CNCs. Optimized amounts of bio-based additives were added to improve the processability and flexibility of the bionanocomposites. The 3D printable bionanocomposite filaments were drawn using a single screw extruder. The bionanocomposites filament was used to 3D print prototypes and test specimens for dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Characterization of the CNCs and bionanocomposites was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The nucleating effect of CNCs enhanced the crystallization behaviour of bionanocomposites by 5%, 15% and 11%, for the different CNCs loadings. The TGA analysis revealed a ∼20 °C improvement in the thermal stability of the bionanocomposites. Meanwhile, the tensile analysis showed a ≥48% increase in the tensile strength of the bionanocomposites filaments which was attributed to the reinforcing effects of CNC. The addition of CNCs significantly increased the melt viscosity, storage and loss modulus of PLA. In summary, the bionanocomposite filaments produced in this study exhibited excellent processibility and superior mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chike Agbakoba
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Chemicals Cluster Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Percy Hlangothi
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | - Jerome Andrew
- Biorefinery Industry Development Facility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Durban South Africa
| | - Maya Jacob John
- Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Chemicals Cluster Pretoria South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
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4
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Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Silica/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates with Eco-Friendly Ionic Liquid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112763. [PMID: 33238571 PMCID: PMC7700482 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we designed greener rubber nanocomposites exhibiting high crosslinking density, and excellent mechanical and thermal properties, with a potential application in technical fields including high-strength and heat-resistance products. Herein 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM]OAc) ionic liquid was combined with silane coupling agent to formulate the nanocomposites. The impact of [EMIM]OAc on silica dispersion in a nitrile rubber (NBR) matrix was investigated by a transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The combined use of the ionic liquid and silane in an NBR/silica system facilitates the homogeneous dispersion of the silica volume fraction (φ) from 0.041 to 0.177 and enhances crosslinking density of the matrix up to three-fold in comparison with neat NBR, and also it is beneficial for solving the risks of alcohol emission and ignition during the rubber manufacturing. The introduction of ionic liquid greatly improves the mechanical strength (9.7 MPa) with respect to neat NBR vulcanizate, especially at high temperatures e.g., 100 °C. Furthermore, it impacts on rheological behaviors of the nanocomposites and tends to reduce energy dissipation for the vulcanizates under large amplitude dynamic shear deformation.
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5
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Xie ZH, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Liu D. Implementation of the Pulley Effect of Polyrotaxane in Transparent Bulk Polymer for Simultaneous Strengthening and Toughening. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000371. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Hua Xie
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry (INPC) China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621999 P. R. China
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Zytner P, Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Toughening of Biodegradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends by In Situ Reactive Compatibilization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14900-14910. [PMID: 32637764 PMCID: PMC7330898 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reactive extrusion of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBV/PCL) blends was performed in the presence of cross-linker 1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIC) and peroxide. The compatibility between the two biodegradable polymers was significantly improved only when TAIC and peroxide work together, as evidenced by the decreased PCL particle size and blurred interfacial gap between the PHBV and PCL. The mechanical, thermal, morphological, and rheological properties of the compatibilized blends were studied and compared to the blends without TAIC and peroxide. At the optimal TAIC content (1 phr), the elongation at break of the compatibilized blends was 380% that of the PHBV/PCL blend without any additives and 700% that of neat PHBV. The improved interfacial compatibility, decreased PCL particle size, and uniform PHBV crystals are all factors that contribute to improving the toughness of the blend. Through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and rheological studies, the reaction mechanism is discussed. The study shows that PHBV and PCL are cross-linked by TAIC, resulting in the formation of a PHBV-PCL co-polymer, which improves the compatibility of the blend. The biodegradable polymer blends with high crystallinity and improved toughness prepared in this study are proposed to be used in sustainable packaging or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zytner
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Feng Wu
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproduct Discovery
and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science
Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
- School
of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University
of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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7
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Wu F, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Tailoring the toughness of sustainable polymer blends from biodegradable plastics via morphology transition observed by atomic force microscopy. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Yan C, Jiang YP, Hou DF, Yang W, Yang MB. High-efficient crystallization promotion and melt reinforcement effect of diblock PDLA-b-PLLA copolymer on PLLA. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Bazli L, Bagherian MH, Karrabi M, Abbassi‐Sourki F, Azizi H. Effect of starch ratio and compatibilization on the viscoelastic behavior of POE/starch blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bazli
- Rubber Group, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Karrabi
- Rubber Group, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hamed Azizi
- Rubber Group, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute Tehran Iran
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10
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Jiang Y, Yan C, Shi D, Liu Z, Yang M. Enhanced Rheological Properties of PLLA with a Purpose-Designed PDLA- b-PEG- b-PDLA Triblock Copolymer and the Application in the Film Blowing Process to Acquire Biodegradable PLLA Films. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13295-13302. [PMID: 31460457 PMCID: PMC6705365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The inadequate rheological properties limit the film blowing process of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), thus hindering its potential application in environmentally friendly packaging films and mulch films. Herein, biodegradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) and d-lactide were used to synthesize three kinds of poly-d-lactic acid (PDLA)-b-PEG-b-PDLA (DPD) triblock copolymers, and their effects on stereocomplex (sc) structure formation and rheological properties of the composites were studied. The results showed that the poly l-lactic acid (PLLA)/DPD4k sample introduced the highest sc content, storage modulus, and complex viscosity value compared with PLLA/DPD2k and PLLA/DPD10k at the same loading condition, indicating that the PEG4k chains can better accelerate the formation of a sc network between DPD4k and the PLLA matrix. The introduction of 10 wt % DPD4k also resulted in about 38 times longer relaxation time and a strain-hardening behavior during the steady biaxial extension of PLLA. At last, the continuous film blowing process was successfully conducted in the PLLA/DPD4k composites, which acquired a stable blow-up ratio of 3.07. On the basis of the above results, the soft chain-grafted PDLA copolymer may provide a novel method for film blowing of biodegradable PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Jiang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic
of China
- Jiangxi
Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices,
School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Cong Yan
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Dawei Shi
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Zhengying Liu
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic
of China
- E-mail:
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11
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Jiang Y, Yan C, Wang K, Shi D, Liu Z, Yang M. Super-Toughed PLA Blown Film with Enhanced Gas Barrier Property Available for Packaging and Agricultural Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12101663. [PMID: 31121860 PMCID: PMC6567083 DOI: 10.3390/ma12101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) holds enormous potential as an alternative to the ubiquitous petroleum-based plastics to be used in packaging film and agricultural film. However, the poor viscoelastic behavior and its extremely low melt strength means it fails to meet the requirements in film blowing processing, which is the most efficient film processing method with the lowest costs. Also, the PLA’s brittleness and insufficient gas barrier properties also seriously limit PLA’s potential application as a common film material. Herein, special stereocomplex (SC) networks were introduced to improve the melt strength and film blowing stability of PLA; polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced to improve PLA’s toughness and gas barrier properties. Compared with neat poly(l-lactide) acid (PLLA), modified PLA is stable in the film blowing process and its film elongation at break increases more than 18 times and reaches over 250%, and its O2 permeability coefficient decreased by 61%. The resulting film material also has good light transmittance, which has great potential for green packaging applications, such as disposable packaging and agricultural films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Jiang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Cong Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dawei Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhengying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China.
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12
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Bhadauriya S, Wang X, Pitliya P, Zhang J, Raghavan D, Bockstaller MR, Stafford CM, Douglas JF, Karim A. Tuning the Relaxation of Nanopatterned Polymer Films with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles: Observation of Entropy-Enthalpy Compensation. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7441-7447. [PMID: 30398875 PMCID: PMC6537094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer films provide a versatile platform in which complex functional relief patterns can be thermally imprinted with a resolution down to few nanometers. However, a practical limitation of this method is the tendency for the imprinted patterns to relax ("slump"), leading to loss of pattern fidelity over time. While increasing temperature above glass transition temperature ( Tg) accelerates the slumping kinetics of neat films, we find that the addition of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNP) can greatly enhance the thermal stability of these patterns. Specifically, increasing the concentration of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) grafted titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in the composite films slows down film relaxation dynamics, leading to enhanced pattern stability for the temperature range that we investigated. Interestingly, slumping relaxation time is found to obey an entropy-enthalpy compensation (EEC) relationship with varying PGNP concentration, similar to recently observed relaxation of strain-induced wrinkling in glassy polymer films having variable film thickness. The compensation temperature, Tcomp was found to be in the vicintity of the bulk Tg of PMMA. Our results suggest a common origin of EEC relaxation in patterned polymer thin films and nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Bhadauriya
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
| | - Xiaoteng Wang
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
| | - Praveen Pitliya
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Jianan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dharmaraj Raghavan
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Alamgir Karim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325 United States
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13
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Nakayama D, Wu F, Mohanty AK, Hirai S, Misra M. Biodegradable Composites Developed from PBAT/PLA Binary Blends and Silk Powder: Compatibilization and Performance Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12412-12421. [PMID: 31457972 PMCID: PMC6644772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin powder and biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)/poly lactide (PLA) blends were melt-mixed together to fabricate natural and synthetic polymers as possible new sources of biomaterials. Morphological observations conducted through scanning electron microscopy indicated poor dispersion of the silk powder agglomerates, which resulted from strong hydrogen interactions between silk powder chains in the PBAT/PLA matrix. Although the silk powder agglomerates decreased the mechanical properties, as silk powder fractions increased, the ternary blend with 10 wt % silk powder still displayed high impact strength of 108 J/m and tensile modulus of 1.2 GPa. On the basis of mechanical analysis, this blend offered potential applications in fields which required high impact strength. Blends which contained Joncryl experienced a decrease in storage modulus. Furthermore, rheological studies confirmed that the viscosity of the PBAT/PLA/Silk powder blends decreased, which indicated possible weakening of hydrogen bonds between the silk chains, caused by the reaction between the epoxy groups of Joncryl. This reaction provides a possible method to improve the processability of this natural polymer and to improve its distribution in polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Nakayama
- Bioproduct
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
- Division
of Production Systems Engineering, Muroran
Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Feng Wu
- Bioproduct
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- Bioproduct
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
| | - Shinji Hirai
- Division
of Production Systems Engineering, Muroran
Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido 050-8585, Japan
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproduct
Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
- School
of Engineering, University of Guelph, Thornbrough Building, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
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14
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Yuan W, Wang F, Chen Z, Gao C, Liu P, Ding Y, Zhang S, Yang M. Efficient grafting of polypropylene onto silica nanoparticles and the properties of PP/PP-g-SiO2 nanocomposites. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Fang H, Xie Q, Wei H, Xu P, Ding Y. Physical gelation and macromolecular mobility of sustainable polylactide during isothermal crystallization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huagao Fang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui Province 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qizheng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui Province 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Haibing Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui Province 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui Province 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology; Hefei Anhui Province 230009 People's Republic of China
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16
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Peng Z, Li Q, Li H, Hu Y. Polyethylene-Modified Nano Silica and Its Fine Dispersion in Polyethylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchuan Peng
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qian Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Huayi Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Youliang Hu
- Beijing
National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering
Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
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17
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Klonos P, Pissis P. Effects of interfacial interactions and of crystallization on rigid amorphous fraction and molecular dynamics in polylactide/silica nanocomposites: A methodological approach. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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The rheological state of suspensions in varying the surface area of nano-silica particles and molecular weight of the poly(ethylene oxide) matrix. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Pino-Ramos VH, Ramos-Ballesteros A, López-Saucedo F, López-Barriguete JE, Varca GHC, Bucio E. Radiation Grafting for the Functionalization and Development of Smart Polymeric Materials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:63. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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