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Improved Conductivity in Gellan Gum and Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Electrolytes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248721. [PMID: 36557855 PMCID: PMC9785073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV-vis transmittance and reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR). The NPEs of GG and 40 wt.% LiClO4 showed the highest conductivity of 2.14 × 10-6 and 3.10 × 10-4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The samples with 10 wt.% Na+SYN-1 had a conductivity of 1.86 × 10-5 and 3.74 × 10-4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. TGA analyses revealed that the samples are thermally stable up to 190 °C and this did not change with clay addition. The transparency of the samples decreased with the increase in the clay content and at the same time their reflectance increased. Finally, CW-EPR was performed to identify the coordination environment of Cu2+ ions in the GG NPEs. The samples doped with the lowest copper concentration exhibit the typical EPR spectra due to isolated Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. At high concentrations, the spectra become isotropic because of dipolar and exchange magnetic effects. In summary, GG/clay NPEs presented good ionic conductivity results, which qualifies them for electrochemical device applications.
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Sarkar M, Dana K. Intercalation of montmorillonite with dialkylammonium cationic surfactants. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Guo Z, Chen J, Byun JJ, Perez–Page M, Ji Z, Zhao Z, Holmes SM. Insights into the performance and degradation of polybenzimidazole/muscovite composite membranes in high–temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100728. [PMID: 34677494 PMCID: PMC8541579 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing world energy demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels has initiated explorations for sustainable and green energy sources. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are viewed as promising materials in fuel cell technology due to several advantages, namely improved kinetic of both electrodes, higher tolerance for carbon monoxide (CO) and low crossover and wastage. Recent technology developments showed phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes most suitable for the production of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, drawbacks caused by leaching and condensation on the phosphate groups hindered the application of the PA-PBI membranes. By phosphate anion adsorption on Pt catalyst layers, a higher volume of liquid phosphoric acid on the electrolyte-electrode interface and within the electrodes inhibits or even stops gas movement and impedes electron reactions as the phosphoric acid level grows. Therefore, doping techniques have been extensively explored, and recently ionic liquids (ILs) were introduced as new doping materials to prepare the PA-PBI membranes. Hence, this paper provides a review on the use of ionic liquid material in PA-PBI membranes for HT-PEMFC applications. The effect of the ionic liquid preparation technique on PA-PBI membranes will be highlighted and discussed on the basis of its characterization and performance in HT-PEMFC applications.
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Tang H, Sun M, Wang C. 2D Silicate Materials for Composite Polymer Electrolytes. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2842-2851. [PMID: 34379351 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) silicate materials have become one of the promising candidates for constructing composite polymer electrolytes due to their advantages of low cost, high stability, good mechanical property, high ionic conductivity and potential to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. However, the application of 2D silicate materials in composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) is still at the infancy stage and facing a lot of challenges. In this minireview, we summarize the structures and properties of 2D silicate materials that have been applied in CPEs, the processing methods of composite electrolytes based on 2D silicates, and the recent process of 2D silicate materials in CPEs. We hope this review could present a general overview of the 2D silicates for CPEs and promote the further study for potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingxuan Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Pavón E, Alba MD. Swelling layered minerals applications: A solid state NMR overview. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:99-128. [PMID: 34479713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Swelling layered clay minerals form an important sub-group of the phyllosilicate family. They are characterized by their ability to expand or contract in the presence or absence of water. This property makes them useful for a variety of applications, ranging from environmental technologies to heterogeneous catalysis, and including pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SS-NMR) has been extensively applied in the characterization of these materials, providing useful information on their dynamics and structure that is inaccessible using other characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction. In this review, we present the key contributions of SS-NMR to the understanding of the mechanisms that govern some of the main applications associated to swelling clay minerals. The article is divided in two parts. The first part presents SS-NMR conventional applications to layered clay minerals, while the second part comprises an in-depth review of the information that SS-NMR can provide about the different properties of swelling layered clay minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Pavón
- Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María D Alba
- Instituto Ciencia de los Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Koyilapu R, Subhadarshini S, Singha S, Jana T. An in-situ RAFT polymerization technique for the preparation of poly(N-vinyl imidazole) modified Cloisite nanoclay to develop nanocomposite PEM. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tahrim AA, Crespo L, Franco L, Alemán C, Armelin E. The effect of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid molecules on poly(4,4-diphenylether-5,5-dibenzimidazole) films. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rezazadeh B, Sirousazar M, Abbasi‐Chianeh V, Kheiri F. Polymer‐clay nanocomposite hydrogels for molecular irrigation application. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Rezazadeh
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUrmia University of Technology Urmia Iran
| | | | | | - Farshad Kheiri
- Faculty of Chemical EngineeringUrmia University of Technology Urmia Iran
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Esmaeili N, Gray EM, Webb CJ. Non-Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications - A Review. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2016-2053. [PMID: 31334917 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non-fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Esmaeili
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Evan MacA Gray
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Colin J Webb
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Brisbane, Australia
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Escorihuela J, García-Bernabé A, Montero Á, Sahuquillo Ó, Giménez E, Compañ V. Ionic Liquid Composite Polybenzimidazol Membranes for High Temperature PEMFC Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E732. [PMID: 31013669 PMCID: PMC6523944 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of proton exchange membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) were prepared using the low cost ionic liquids (ILs) derived from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) bearing different anions as conductive fillers in the polymeric matrix with the aim of enhancing the proton conductivity of PBI membranes. The composite membranes prepared by casting method (containing 5 wt. % of IL) exhibited good thermal, dimensional, mechanical, and oxidative stability for fuel cell applications. The effects of anion, temperature on the proton conductivity of phosphoric acid-doped membranes were systematically investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PBI composite membranes containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium-derived ionic liquids exhibited high proton conductivity of 0.098 S·cm-1 at 120 °C when tetrafluoroborate anion was present in the polymeric matrix. This conductivity enhancement might be attributed to the formed hydrogen-bond networks between the IL molecules and the phosphoric acid molecules distributed along the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, (ETSII) Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Abel García-Bernabé
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, (ETSII) Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Montero
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, (ETSII) Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Óscar Sahuquillo
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Enrique Giménez
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada, (ETSII) Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Singha S, Koyilapu R, Dana K, Jana T. Polybenzimidazole-Clay Nanocomposite Membrane for PEM fuel cell: Effect of organomodifier structure. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Liu Q, Xia L, Huang D, Fu X, Zhang R, Hu S, Zhao F, Li X, Bao X. Poly(2,5-benzimidazole)/sulfonated sepiolite composite membranes with low phosphoric acid doping levels for PEMFC applications in a wide temperature range. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Anahidzade N, Abdolmaleki A, Dinari M, Firouz Tadavani K, Zhiani M. Metal-organic framework anchored sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) as a high temperature proton exchange membrane for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Sun P, Li Z, Wang S, Yin X. Performance enhancement of polybenzimidazole based high temperature proton exchange membranes with multifunctional crosslinker and highly sulfonated polyaniline. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Yang J, Jiang H, Gao L, Wang J, Ye N, Xu Y, He R. Formation and investigation of dual cross-linked high temperature proton exchange membranes based on vinylimidazolium-functionalized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and polystyrene. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual-crosslinking provides a new strategy to enhance the dimensional and mechanical stabilities of membranes with high acid doping content and conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuai Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Haoxing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Liping Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Niya Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
| | - Ronghuan He
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Sciences
- Northeastern University
- Shenyang 110819
- China
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Kutcherlapati SR, Koyilapu R, Jana T. Poly(N
-vinyl imidazole) grafted silica nanofillers: Synthesis by RAFT polymerization and nanocomposites with polybenzimidazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rambabu Koyilapu
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Telangana 500046 India
| | - Tushar Jana
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Telangana 500046 India
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Taghaddosi S, Akbari A, Yegani R. Preparation, characterization and anti-fouling properties of nanoclays embedded polypropylene mixed matrix membranes. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Hatami M, Djafarzadeh N, Hasanabadi H. Application of poly(methyl methacrylate -co-γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane)/silica modified TiO2nanocomposites for anti-pollutant properties. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hatami
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; Polymer Research Laboratory; University of Bonab; Bonab Iran
| | - Nader Djafarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry; Miyaneh Branch; Islamic Azad University; Miyaneh Iran
| | - Hamed Hasanabadi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club; Mahshahr Branch; Islamic Azad University; Mahshahr Iran
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Sathish Kumar P, Senthil SM, Pal SK, Rajasekar R. Organic/Montmorillonite Nanocomposite Membranes. ORGANIC-INORGANIC COMPOSITE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES 2017:133-164. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-52739-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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