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Shrivastava S, Upadhyay A, Pradhan SS, Saha S, Singh A. Evolution Kinetics of Stabilizing Pickering Emulsion by Brush-Modified Janus Particles: DPD Simulation and Experimental Insights. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13920-13934. [PMID: 38809114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we report the evolution of stabilizing Pickering emulsions using brush-modified Janus particles (JPs), utilizing the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation technique. Our results are subsequently corroborated with experimental findings. Each JP has one-half of the hydrophobic surface, with the other half embedded with hydrophilic polymer brushes grown via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Our generic simulation model analyzes the chemical kinetics of polymer brush growth on one-half of the initiator-embedded microparticle (MP) surface, resulting in the formation of JP. This involves evaluating monomer conversion and reaction rates. Our results exhibit a substantial influence of the number of JPs, grafted brush density, and brush length on oil-in-water emulsion stability. We studied the evolution kinetics and stability of emulsion formation by analyzing the growth of average domain size and corresponding scaling functions up to a late time limit. This study aims to clarify the connection between the size, quantity, and functionality of JPs and the stability of Pickering emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Shrivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashank Upadhyay
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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2
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Chauhan A, Gogoi D, Puri S, Singh A. Effect of amphiphilic polymers on phase separating binary mixtures: A DPD simulation study. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204901. [PMID: 37991159 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the phase separation dynamics of a binary (AB), simple fluid (SF), and amphiphilic polymer (AP) mixture using dissipative particle dynamics simulation at d = 3. We study the effect of different AP topologies, including block copolymers, ring block copolymers (RCP), and miktoarm star polymers, on the evolution morphologies, dynamic scaling functions, and length scale of the AB mixture. Our results demonstrate that the presence of APs leads to significantly different evolution morphologies in SF. However, the deviation from dynamical scaling is prominent, mainly for RCP. Typically, the characteristic length scale for SF follows the power law R(t) ∼ tϕ, where ϕ is the growth exponent. In the presence of high AP, we observe diffusive growth (ϕ → 1/3) at early times, followed by saturation in length scale (ϕ → 0) at late times. The extent of saturation varies with constraints imposed on the APs, such as topology, composition ratio, chain length, and stiffness. At lower composition ratios, the system exhibits inertial hydrodynamic growth (ϕ → 2/3) at asymptotic times without clearly exhibiting the viscous hydrodynamic regime (ϕ → 1) at earlier times in our simulations. Our results firmly establish the existence of hydrodynamic growth regimes in low surfactant-influenced phase separation kinetics of binary fluids and settle the related ambiguity in d = 3 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Dorothy Gogoi
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sanjay Puri
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Nitta N, Kihara SI, Haino T. Synthesis of Supramolecular A 8 B n Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Host-Guest Complexation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219001. [PMID: 36718880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a new synthetic method to construct supramolecular A8 Bn (n=1, 2, 4) miktoarm star copolymers by host-guest complexation between a resorcinarene-based coordination capsule possessing eight polystyrene chains and 4,4-diacetoxybiphenyl guest molecules that retain one, two or four polymethyl acrylate chains. The formation of the supramolecular A8 Bn (n=1, 2, 4) miktoarm star copolymers was confirmed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements revealed that the miktoarm copolymers were phase-separated in the bulk. The micro-Brownian motion of the A8 B4 structure was markedly enhanced in the bulk due to a weak segregation interaction between the immiscible arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi Nitta
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.,International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, 2-313 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
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Shrivastava S, Ifra, Saha S, Singh A. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation study on ATRP-brush modification of variably shaped surfaces and biopolymer adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17986-18003. [PMID: 35856807 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation study on the surface modification of initiator embedded microparticles (MPs) of different shapes via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) brush growth. The surface-initiated ATRP-brush growth leads to the formation of a more globular MP shape. We perform the comparative analysis of ATRP-brush growth on three different forms of particle surfaces: cup surface, spherical surface, and flat surface (rectangular/disk-shaped). First, we establish the chemical kinetics of the brush growth: the monomer conversion and the reaction rates. Next, we discuss the structural changes (shape-modification) of brush-modified surfaces by computing the radial distribution function, spatial density distribution, radius of gyration, hydrodynamic radius, and shape factor. The polymer brush-modified particles are well known as the carrier materials for enzyme immobilization. Finally, we study the biopolymer adsorption on ATRP-brush modified particles in a compatible solution. In particular, we explore the effect of ATRP-brush length, biopolymer chain length, and concentration on the adsorption process. Our results illustrate the enhanced biopolymer adsorption with increased brush length, initiator concentration, and biopolymer concentration. Most importantly, when adsorption reaches saturation, the flat surface loads more biopolymers than the other two surfaces. The experimental results verified the same, considering the disk-shaped flat surface particles, cup-shaped particles, and spherical particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Shrivastava
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ifra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Kizil S, Bulbul Sonmez H. Reusable organosilicon hybrid sorbents with tunable oil interest via PEG-PPG copolymer. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130818. [PMID: 34289596 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers having hydrophobic cross-linked structures in order to remove oil spills have been gaining interest in environmental applications. Herein, a series of sorbents were produced by using PEG-b-PPG and PEG-co-PPG triols and organosilane cross-linker via bulk polymerization. The polymer sorbents were characterized by FTIR, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their interests towards polar and nonpolar solvents were examined via swelling, absorption-desorption kinetics and reusability tests. Besides, the effect of block-, copolymer-of PEG and PPG triol macromonomer on oil and water absorbency is investigated. The obtained sorbents exhibited high and quick absorption abilities towards organic liquids that were in the range of 5-28 gg-1. Moreover, they can selectively remove the oil from oil/water mixtures and can repeatedly be applied for absorbing oils. The reusability test shows that the polymer sorbents maintained their absorption-desorption loop with no structural change or capacity loss after 10 cycles. These results show the promising potential of the sorbents for the purging of water from oils in environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Kizil
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hayal Bulbul Sonmez
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Ifra, Singh A, Saha S. Shape Shifting of Cup Shaped Particles on Growing poly (2‐hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) Brushes by “Grafting From” Approach and Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ifra
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India
| | - Sampa Saha
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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7
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Cuthbert J, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. STEM Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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8
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Cuthbert J, Zhang T, Biswas S, Olszewski M, Shanmugam S, Fu T, Gottlieb E, Kowalewski T, Balazs AC, Matyjaszewski K. Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) Gels as Soft Elastomers and Hard/Soft Interfaces. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tao Zhang
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Santidan Biswas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Travis Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Cuthbert J, Beziau A, Gottlieb E, Fu L, Yuan R, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Transformable Materials: Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) Gels by Controlled Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Antoine Beziau
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Liye Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anna C. Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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10
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Synthesis of core cross-linked star polymers carrying helical poly(phenyl isocyanide) arms via “core-first” strategy and their surface chiral recognition ability. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Eibel A, Fast DE, Sattelkow J, Zalibera M, Wang J, Huber A, Müller G, Neshchadin D, Dietliker K, Plank H, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Wellenlängenselektive freie radikalische Photopolymerisation zur einfachen Herstellung von Sternpolymeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eibel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - David E. Fast
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Jürgen Sattelkow
- Institut für Elektronenmikroskopie und Nanoanalytik; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Österreich
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Chemische Physik; Slowakische Technische Universität Bratislava; Slowakei
| | - Jieping Wang
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften; Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich CH-8093 Schweiz
| | - Alex Huber
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften; Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich CH-8093 Schweiz
| | - Georgina Müller
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften; Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich CH-8093 Schweiz
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Kurt Dietliker
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften; Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich CH-8093 Schweiz
| | - Harald Plank
- Institut für Elektronenmikroskopie und Nanoanalytik; Technische Universität Graz; Österreich
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften; Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 Zürich CH-8093 Schweiz
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9/I 8010 Graz Österreich
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12
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Eibel A, Fast DE, Sattelkow J, Zalibera M, Wang J, Huber A, Müller G, Neshchadin D, Dietliker K, Plank H, Grützmacher H, Gescheidt G. Star-shaped Polymers through Simple Wavelength-Selective Free-Radical Photopolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14306-14309. [PMID: 28857401 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers represent highly desired materials in nanotechnology and life sciences, including biomedical applications (e.g., diagnostic imaging, tissue engineering, and targeted drug delivery). Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of wavelength-selective multifunctional photoinitiators (PIs) that contain a bisacylphosphane oxide (BAPO) group and an α-hydroxy ketone moiety within one molecule. By using three different wavelengths, these photoactive groups can be selectively addressed and activated, thereby allowing the synthesis of ABC-type miktoarm star polymers through a simple, highly selective, and robust free-radical polymerization method. The photochemistry of these new initiators and the feasibility of this concept were investigated in unprecedented detail by using various spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eibel
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - David E Fast
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jürgen Sattelkow
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michal Zalibera
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jieping Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Alex Huber
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georgina Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Dmytro Neshchadin
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Dietliker
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Harald Plank
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis, Graz University of Technology, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Beziau A, De Menezes RNL, Biswas S, Singh A, Cuthbert J, Balazs AC, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K. Combining ATRP and FRP Gels: Soft Gluing of Polymeric Materials for the Fabrication of Stackable Gels. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E186. [PMID: 30970867 PMCID: PMC6432409 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stackable gels comprised of layers of dissimilar polymers were synthesized by combining conventional free radical polymerization (FRP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using two approaches: (i) polymerization of a pre-gel solution containing a monomer and cross-linker introduced on top of a previously prepared gel, and (ii) simultaneous polymerization of two immiscible pre-gel solutions remaining in contact. All permutations of FRP and ATRP yielded single-piece, connected, amphiphilic gels regardless of the order of polymerization. Furthermore, multi-layer ATRP gels combining different polymers were synthesized with the FRP layer as a gluing agent. A 10-layer amphiphilic stackable gel combining n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and a 10-layer stackable gel combining BMA, DMAEMA and di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEO₂MA) were synthesized. This patching method, combining conventional FRP gels with ATRP ones, offers an efficient path to the formation of complex stackable gel architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Beziau
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | | | - Santidan Biswas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Awaneesh Singh
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Julia Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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14
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Singh A, Kuksenok O, Johnson JA, Balazs AC. Photo-regeneration of severed gel with iniferter-mediated photo-growth. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:1978-1987. [PMID: 28186517 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02625g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), we developed a computational approach to model the light-induced regeneration of a gel matrix when a significant portion of the material is severed. We considered photo-controlled radical polymerization (photo-CRP) within polymer networks with embedded iniferter groups: the "photo-growth" strategy. Absorption of light by the iniferter groups turns on the polymerization process, which inserts monomers and cross-linkers into the network strands. Photo-growth allows us to effectively regenerate a severed gel under the application of light even when the severed parts are not in direct contact. The growth process can be turned off once the polymerization is near completion to yield a new cross-linked gel that resembles the uncut material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaneesh Singh
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
| | - Olga Kuksenok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anna C Balazs
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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15
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Biswas S, Singh A, Beziau A, Kowalewski T, Matyjaszewski K, Balazs AC. Modeling the formation of layered, amphiphilic gels. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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