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Lukáš Petrova S, Vragović M, Pavlova E, Černochová Z, Jäger A, Jäger E, Konefał R. Smart Poly(lactide)- b-poly(triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate) (PLA- b-PTEGMA) Block Copolymers: One-Pot Synthesis, Temperature Behavior, and Controlled Release of Paclitaxel. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041191. [PMID: 37111676 PMCID: PMC10143907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces a new class of amphiphilic block copolymers created by combining two polymers: polylactic acid (PLA), a biocompatible and biodegradable hydrophobic polyester used for cargo encapsulation, and a hydrophilic polymer composed of oligo ethylene glycol chains (triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, TEGMA), which provides stability and repellent properties with added thermo-responsiveness. The PLA-b-PTEGMA block copolymers were synthesized using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (ROP-RAFT), resulting in varying ratios between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks. Standard techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy, were used to characterize the block copolymers, while 1H NMR spectroscopy, 2D nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the effect of the hydrophobic PLA block on the LCST of the PTEGMA block in aqueous solutions. The results show that the LCST values for the block copolymers decreased with increasing PLA content in the copolymer. The selected block copolymer presented LCST transitions at physiologically relevant temperatures, making it suitable for manufacturing nanoparticles (NPs) and drug encapsulation-release of the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel (PTX) via temperature-triggered drug release mechanism. The drug release profile was found to be temperature-dependent, with PTX release being sustained at all tested conditions, but substantially accelerated at 37 and 40 °C compared to 25 °C. The NPs were stable under simulated physiological conditions. These findings demonstrate that the addition of hydrophobic monomers, such as PLA, can tune the LCST temperatures of thermo-responsive polymers, and that PLA-b-PTEGMA copolymers have great potential for use in drug and gene delivery systems via temperature-triggered drug release mechanisms in biomedicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Lukáš Petrova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Vragović
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zulfiya Černochová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rafał Konefał
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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Craig E, Calarco A, Conte R, Ambrogi V, d'Ayala GG, Alabi P, Sello JK, Cerruti P, Kima PE. Thermoresponsive Copolymer Nanovectors Improve the Bioavailability of Retrograde Inhibitors in the Treatment of Leishmania Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:702676. [PMID: 34490142 PMCID: PMC8417477 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.702676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing, cutaneous lesions to fatal infections of the viscera. With no preventative Leishmania vaccine available, the frontline option against leishmaniasis is chemotherapy. Unfortunately, currently available anti-Leishmania drugs face several obstacles, including toxicity that limits dosing and emergent drug resistant strains in endemic regions. It is, therefore, imperative that more effective drug formulations with decreased toxicity profiles are developed. Previous studies had shown that 2-(((5-Methyl-2-thienyl)methylene)amino)-N-phenylbenzamide (also called Retro-2) has efficacy against Leishmania infections. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analogs of Retro-2, using the dihydroquinazolinone (DHQZ) base structure, were subsequently described that are more efficacious than Retro-2. However, considering the hydrophobic nature of these compounds that limits their solubility and uptake, the current studies were initiated to determine whether the solubility of Retro-2 and its SAR analogs could be enhanced through encapsulation in amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles. We evaluated encapsulation of these compounds in the amphiphilic, thermoresponsive oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-co-pentafluorostyrene (PFG30) copolymer that forms nanoparticle aggregates upon heating past temperatures of 30°C. The hydrophobic tracer, coumarin 6, was used to evaluate uptake of a hydrophobic molecule into PFG30 aggregates. Mass spectrometry analysis showed considerably greater delivery of encapsulated DHQZ analogs into infected cells and more rapid shrinkage of L. amazonensis communal vacuoles. Moreover, encapsulation in PFG30 augmented the efficacy of Retro-2 and its SAR analogs to clear both L. amazonensis and L. donovani infections. These studies demonstrate that encapsulation of compounds in PFG30 is a viable approach to dramatically increase bioavailability and efficacy of anti-Leishmania compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Craig
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Anna Calarco
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering (DICMaPI) - University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Philip Alabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason K Sello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Peter E Kima
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Guazzelli E, Masotti E, Calosi M, Kriechbaum M, Uhlig F, Galli G, Martinelli E. Single-chain folding and self-assembling of amphiphilic polyethyleneglycol-modified fluorinated styrene homopolymers in water solution. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Investigation of the LCST-Thermoresponsive Behavior of Novel Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Modified Pentafluorostyrene Homopolymers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic tetrafluorostyrene monomers (EFS8) carrying in the para position an oligoethylene glycol chain containing 8 oxyethylenic units on average were synthesized and used for preparation via activator regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET-ATRP) of the corresponding amphiphilic homopolymers (pEFS8-x) with different degrees of polymerization (x = 26 and 46). Combining light transmittance and nano-differential scanning calorimetry (n-DSC) measurements revealed that pEFS8-x homopolymers displayed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) thermoresponsive behavior in water solutions. Moreover, n-DSC measurements revealed the presence in heating scans of a broad endothermic peak ascribable to the dehydration process of the polymer single chains (unimers) and their collapse into aggregates. Consistently, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed below the LCST the presence of small nanostructures with a hydrodynamic diameter size Dh of 6–7 nm, which collapsed into concentration-dependent larger multichain aggregates (Dh = 300–3000 nm) above LCST. Interestingly, n-DSC data showed that the unimer-aggregate transition was reversible up to a specific temperature (Trev) of each homopolymer, which in any case was higher than Tmax. When heating above Trev the transition was no longer reversible, causing the shift of Tonset and Tmax at lower values, thus suggesting an increase in hydrophobicity of the polymer systems associated with a temperature-dependent dehydration process.
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Falireas PG, Ladmiral V, Ameduri B. Synthesis, aqueous solution behavior and self-assembly of a dual pH/thermo-responsive fluorinated diblock terpolymer. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of fluorinated dual-responsive block terpolymers via sequential reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is presented.
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Naveed KUR, Wang L, Yu H, Teng L, Uddin MA, Fahad S, Ullah RS, Nazir A, Elshaarani T. Synthesis of spin labeled ethylene glycol based polymers and study of their segmental motion. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zuppardi F, Malinconico M, D’Agosto F, D’Ayala GG, Cerruti P. Well-Defined Thermo-Responsive Copolymers Based on Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methacrylate and Pentafluorostyrene for the Removal of Organic Dyes from Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1779. [PMID: 32911815 PMCID: PMC7558912 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermo-responsive copolymers based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (OEGMA, Mn = 300 g/mol) and pentafluorostyrene (PFS), coded PFG, were synthesized by RAFT polymerization, using a trithiocarbonate (CTTPC) as controlling agent. Different molar masses were targeted and dispersities lower than 1.51 were obtained. The thermally triggered self-assembly of the resulting PFG copolymers in water was investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) slightly increased with the molecular weight in the 26-30 °C temperature range, whereas the sizes of the intermicellar aggregates formed upon self-assembly tended to decrease with increasing molecular weights (ranging from 1415 to 572 nm). The resulting thermally-induced polymer aggregates were then used to encapsulate and remove organic contaminants from water. Nile Red (NR) and Thiazole yellow G (TYG) were employed as hydrophobic and hydrophilic model contaminants, respectively. Experimental results evidenced that higher molecular weight copolymers removed up to 90% of NR from aqueous solution, corresponding to about 10 mg of dye per g of copolymer, regardless of NR concentration. The removal of TYG was lower with respect to NR, decreasing from about 40% to around 20% with TYG concentration. Finally, the copolymers were shown to be potentially recycled and reused in the treatment of contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Zuppardi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Mario Malinconico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265, Chemistry, Catalysis, Polymers and Processes (C2P2), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616 Villeurbanne, France;
| | - Giovanna Gomez D’Ayala
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Cerruti
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (F.Z.); (M.M.); (P.C.)
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Synthesis, self-assembly of perfluoropolyether based ABA-triblock copolymers for superhydrophobic surface applications. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Konefał R, Spěváček J, Mužíková G, Laga R. Thermoresponsive behavior of poly(DEGMA)-based copolymers. NMR and dynamic light scattering study of aqueous solutions. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Liu H, Ding A, Ma C, Huang X, Feng C, Wang Z, Wang Z, Lu G. The difluoromethylthio moiety lowers the LCST of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based homopolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00920b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of difluoromethylthio moiety could significantly lower LCSTs of oligo(ethylene glycol)-based thermo-responsive homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Aishun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chen Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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The preparation and aggregation behaviors of comb-like thermally-responsive fluoropolymer. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chen Y, Niu Y, Gong P, Xiao Z, Li G. Thermally Reversible and Irreversible Phase Transition Behaviors in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Ionic Liquid Mixtures. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28895240 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The irreversible and reversible phase transition behaviors during phase separation-recovery (heating-cooling) cycles for poly(ethylene oxide)/1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (PEO/[EMIM][BF4 ]) mixtures with a lower critical solution temperature phase diagram are reported for the first time. The evident differential scanning calorimetry endothermic and exothermic peaks are observed during the heating-cooling scan cycles near the phase boundary, in which the large heat loss for samples below the critical composition (60 wt% PEO) and obvious downward shift of phase transition temperature for all the compositions between the first and second cycles are particularly attractive. After the first recovery process, a reversible behavior during the next cycles is expected. These interesting phenomena are further confirmed by optical microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared measurements. It is demonstrated that the disruption and partial recovery of the hydrogen bonds, combined with the conformational change of PEO chains, can contribute to this irreversible behavior as well as a conversion to reversible phase transition behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlei Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yanhua Niu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhilin Xiao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Luo H, Xiao Z, Chen Y, Niu Y, Li G. Phase separation kinetics and rheological behavior of Poly(ethylene oxide)/ionic liquid mixtures with large dynamic asymmetry. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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