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de Sousa RR, Heinze DA, Sacramento JB, Lanfredi AJC, Carastan DJ. Electrical Conductivity and In Situ SAXS Probing of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites Under Mechanical Stretching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37235644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Elastomers based on block copolymers can self-organize into ordered nanoscale structures, making them attractive for use as flexible conductive nanocomposites. Understanding how ordered structures impact electrical properties is essential for practical applications. This study investigated the morphological evolution of flexible conductive elastomers based on polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) block copolymers with aligned single- or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs or MWCNTs) and their electrical conductivity under large deformations. Oriented nanocomposites were obtained through injection molding and characterized using two different setups: tensile testing monitored by in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and tensile testing with simultaneous electrical conductivity measurements. Our findings demonstrate that structural orientation significantly influences electrical conductivity, with higher conductivity in the longitudinal direction due to the preferred orientation of carbon nanotubes. Tensile testing demonstrated that carbon nanotubes accelerate the process of realignment of the ordered structure. As a consequence, higher deformations reduced the conductivity of samples with longitudinal alignment due to the disruption of percolation contacts between nanotubes, while in samples with a transverse alignment the process promoted the formation of a new conductive network, increasing electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogerio R de Sousa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Heinze
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Joana B Sacramento
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Alexandre J C Lanfredi
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Danilo J Carastan
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Av. Dos Estados, 5001, Santo André, São Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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Ciuprina F, Panaitescu DM, Enache L, Damian CM, Grigorescu RM, Gabor AR, Nicolae CA, Nistor CL, Trusca R. Control of Dielectric and Mechanical Properties of Styrenic Block Copolymer by Graphite Incorporation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7577. [PMID: 36363186 PMCID: PMC9658140 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The structure-property relationship of dielectric elastomers, as well as the methods of improving the control of this relationship, has been widely studied over the last few years, including in some of our previous works. In this paper, we study the control, improvement, and correlation, for a significant range of temperatures, of the mechanical and dielectric properties of polystyrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene (SEBS) and maleic-anhydride-grafted SEBS (SEBS-MA) by using graphite (G) as filler in various concentrations. The aim is to analyze the suitability of these composites for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy or vice versa. The dielectric spectroscopy analysis performed in the frequency range of 10 to 1 MHz and at temperatures between 27 and 77 °C emphasized an exponential increase in real permittivity with G concentration, a low level of dielectric losses (≈10-3), as well as the stability of dielectric losses with temperature for high G content. These results correlate well with the increase in mechanical stiffness with an increase in G content for both SEBS/G and SEBS-MA/G composites. The activation energies for the dielectric relaxation processes detected in SEBS/G and SEBS-MA/G composites were also determined and discussed in connection with the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties resulting from thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin Ciuprina
- ELMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Enache
- ELMAT Laboratory, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Celina Maria Damian
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ramona Marina Grigorescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Augusta Raluca Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Trusca
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gh. Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Namdari N, Rasel S, Abdul Halim BN, Hossain Bhuiyan ME, Sojoudi H, Rizvi R. Universal Strain Energy-Mediated Dynamic Porosity in Physically Networked Elastomers and Their Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22987-22999. [PMID: 33973776 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical and physical properties of porous polymers are highly dependent on the arrangement of their internal pores, which once synthesized are widely considered static. However, here we introduce an unconventional dynamic porosity strategy in physically networked elastomer polymers, irrespective of their chemistry. This strategy allows for an omnidirectional and reversible reconfiguration of porosity in response to applied mechanical deformations, even at ambient conditions. In particular, the normal contact pressure between human fingers (just 0.62 MPa) applied on thin elastomer films results in a permanent reversion of the pores to a denser and more solid state. The porous-to-solid transition leads to a 3 order of magnitude reduction in pore density and up to a 22% relative volumetric shrinkage of the films, resulting in an opaque-to-transparent transition (OTT) that acts as a visual indication of porosity state (porous vs nonporous). It is shown that the pore reversion pressure onset is dependent on the average pore-to-pore distance that is controllable through process-specific parameters. Furthermore, the porosity transition is reversible for multiple cycles when the through-plane compression activation is coupled with an in-plane stretch (ε = 700%). A strain energy-mediated thermodynamic model is successfully implemented to confirm the effects of mechanical deformations on pore reversion and generation. Finally, applications of the newfound dynamic porosity concept are exploited for pressure indication, on-demand modulation of materials' mechanical and thermal characteristics, and flexible photomasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Namdari
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sheikh Rasel
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Bilal Nizar Abdul Halim
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Md Emran Hossain Bhuiyan
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Hossein Sojoudi
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Reza Rizvi
- Department of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, MS312, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele St BRG 437, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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Cui K, Sun X, Yang F, Feng J, Yang S, Li W, Yao Z. Preparation and properties of LLDPE/LLDPE-g-PS/MgO@PS Nanocomposites. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1904984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunzhu Cui
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Feng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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Mechanism of strengthening and toughening of a nanostructured styrene-butadiene based block copolymer by oligostyrene-modified montmorillonites. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Namdari N, Sojoudi H, Rizvi R. Stimuli responsive optical polymers through omnidirectional and reconfigurable porosity. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Teruel-Juanes R, Pascual-Jose B, del Río C, García O, Ribes-Greus A. Dielectric analysis of photocrosslinked and post-sulfonated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer based membranes. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trazkovich AJ, Wendt MF, Hall LM. Effect of copolymer sequence on structure and relaxation times near a nanoparticle surface. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5913-5921. [PMID: 29972193 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00976g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We simulate a simple nanocomposite consisting of a single spherical nanoparticle surrounded by coarse-grained polymer chains. The polymers are composed of two different monomer types that differ only in their interaction strengths with the nanoparticle. We examine the effect of adjusting copolymer sequence on the structure as well as the end-to-end vector autocorrelation, bond vector autocorrelation, and self-intermediate scattering function relaxation times as a function of distance from the nanoparticle surface. We show how the range and magnitude of the interphase of slowed dynamics surrounding the nanoparticle depend strongly on sequence blockiness. We find that, depending on block length, blocky copolymers can have faster or slower dynamics than a random copolymer. Certain blocky copolymer sequences lead to relaxation times near the nanoparticle surface that are slower than those of either homopolymer system. Thus, tuning copolymer sequence could allow for significant control over the nanocomposite behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Trazkovich
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, USA.
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Helal E, Amurin L, Carastan D, de Sousa R, David E, Fréchette M, Demarquette N. Tuning the mechanical and dielectric properties of clay-containing thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Helal
- Mechanical Engineering Department; École de Technologie Supérieure; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - L.G. Amurin
- Mechanical Engineering Department; École de Technologie Supérieure; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - D.J. Carastan
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences; Federal University of ABC; Santo André Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - R.R. de Sousa
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences; Federal University of ABC; Santo André Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - E. David
- Mechanical Engineering Department; École de Technologie Supérieure; Montréal Quebec Canada
| | - M. Fréchette
- Institut de Recherche d'Hydro-Québec; Varennes Quebec Canada
| | - N.R. Demarquette
- Mechanical Engineering Department; École de Technologie Supérieure; Montréal Quebec Canada
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Ismail NH, Mustapha M. A review of thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites for high voltage insulation applications. POLYM ENG SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hidayah Ismail
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
| | - Mariatti Mustapha
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Nibong Tebal Pulau Pinang 14300 Malaysia
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Panaitescu DM, Gabor RA, Nicolae CA, Parau AC, Vitelaru C, Raditoiu V, Chipara M. Block Copolymer Elastomer with Graphite Filler: Effect of Processing Conditions and Silane Coupling Agent on the Composite Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E46. [PMID: 30966080 PMCID: PMC6415092 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of morphology and interface in poly(styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene) (SEBS) composites with graphitic fillers is extremely important for the design of piezoresistive sensors for body motion or flexible temperature sensors. The effects of a high amount of graphite (G) and silane coupling agent on the morphology and properties of SEBS composites with anisotropic mechanical properties are reported. The physical and chemical bonding of silane to both G and SEBS surface was proved by EDX and TGA results; this improved interface influenced both the thermal and mechanical properties of the composite. The vinyltriethoxysilane (VS) promoted the formation of char residue and, being tightly bound to both SEBS and G, did not show separate decomposition peak in the TGA curve of composites. The mechanical properties were measured on two perpendicular directions and were improved by both the addition of VS and the increased amount of G; however, the increase of storage modulus due to orientation (from 5 to 15 times depending on the composition and direction of the test) was more important than that provided by the increase of G concentration, which was a maximum of four times that obtained for 15 wt % graphite. A mechanism to explain the influence of G content and treatment on the variation of storage modulus and tan δ depending on the direction of the test was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mihaela Panaitescu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Raluca Augusta Gabor
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Cristian Andi Nicolae
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Anca Constantina Parau
- National Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor St., Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Catalin Vitelaru
- National Institute for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 409 Atomistilor St., Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- Polymer Department, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, 202 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 060021, Romania.
| | - Mircea Chipara
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Drive, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
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Zhao X, Bai L, Bao RY, Liu ZY, Yang MB, Yang W. Excellent mechanical performance and enhanced dielectric properties of OBC/SiO2 elastomeric nanocomposites: effect of dispersion of the SiO2 nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chain-like network structure and irregular dispersion of fillers are formed in OBC/SiO2 nanocomposites. Excellent mechanical performance and enhanced dielectric properties of OBC/SiO2 elastomeric nanocomposites are realized due to the peculiar chain-like network of the fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Lu Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zheng-Ying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Sichuan University
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Chengdu
- China
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