1
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Lu Y, Lyu D, Han C, Yang X, Lee PC, Men Y. Crystallization of Polybutene-1 into Forms I′, II, and III Under High Pressure CO 2: In situ Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction, WAXD Mapping, and DSC Investigations. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Dong Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Cenhui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- SINOPEC Research Institute of Maoming Petrochemical Company, Maoming525021, P. R. China
| | - Patrick C. Lee
- Multifunctional Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, TorontoM5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230026, P. R. China
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2
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Rangappa R, Yeh SK. Effect of N2 plasticization on the crystallization of different hardnesses of thermoplastic polyurethanes. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Mark LH, Zhao C, Chu RKM, Park CB. Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded PP/PET-Nanofibril Composites and Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142958. [PMID: 35890732 PMCID: PMC9315760 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation and application of PET nanofibrils for PP composite reinforcement were studied. PET nanofibrils were fibrillated within a PP matrix using a spunbond process and then injection molded to test for the end-use properties. The nanofibril reinforcement helped to provide higher tensile and flexural performance in solid (unfoamed) injection molded parts. With foam injection molding, the nanofibrils also helped to improve and refine the microcellular morphology, which led to improved performance. Easily and effectively increasing the strength of a polymeric composite is a goal for many research endeavors. By creating nanoscale fibrils within the matrix itself, effective bonding and dispersion have already been achieved, overcoming the common pitfalls of fiber reinforcement. As blends of PP and PET are drawn in a spunbond system, the PET domains are stretched into nanoscale fibrils. By adapting the spunbonded blends for use in injection molding, both solid and foamed nanocomposites are created. The injection molded nanocomposites achieved increased in both tensile and flexural strength. The solid and foamed tensile strength increased by 50 and 100%, respectively. In addition, both the solid and foamed flexural strength increased by 100%. These increases in strength are attributed to effective PET nanofibril reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Howe Mark
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (L.H.M.); (C.Z.); (R.K.M.C.)
| | - Chongxiang Zhao
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (L.H.M.); (C.Z.); (R.K.M.C.)
| | - Raymond K. M. Chu
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (L.H.M.); (C.Z.); (R.K.M.C.)
- SABIC Limburg B.V., 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada; (L.H.M.); (C.Z.); (R.K.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-978-3053
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4
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Effect of alcohols-regulated crystallization on foaming process and cell morphology of polypropylene. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Kiran E, Sarver JA, Hassler JC. Solubility and Diffusivity of CO2 and N2 in Polymers and Polymer Swelling, Glass Transition, Melting, and Crystallization at High Pressure. A Critical Review and Perspectives on Experimental Methods, Data, and Modeling. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Ren Q, Wu M, Weng Z, Wang L, Zheng W, Hikima Y, Ohshima M. Lightweight and strong gelling agent-reinforced injection-molded polypropylene composite foams fabricated using low-pressure CO2 as the foaming agent. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Li S, Liao X, Liu F, Li G. The crystallization morphology and process of stereocomplex crystallites of polylactide under CO 2: the effect of H-bonding and chain diffusion. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01109j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystallization of PLA SC under CO2 was in situ investigated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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8
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Karimipour-Fard P, Naeem I, Mohany A, Pop-Iliev R, Rizvi G. Enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of characterizing polymeric cellular structures using 3D-based computed tomography. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20948556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing the morphology of polymeric foams is crucial for determining their practical applicability. The internal cellular structure of polymeric foams is typically analyzed by 2 D imaging techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The problem with these techniques is that their tests are tedious, destructive, and the accuracy of the obtained results is questionable. The objective of this paper is to establish and experimentally verify an efficient 3- dimensional (3 D) Microcomputed-tomography based methodology for reliably estimating and characterizing each of the phases commonly present in multiple types of polymeric foam samples, such as the open, the closed, and the solid phase. A comparative study was carried out between morphology data obtained from 2-dimensional (2 D) analysis and those obtained from 3 D analysis to investigate the reliability of the 2 D analysis results. In this context, the experimental results revealed that by using a 2 D method the open porosity was underestimated at the expense of closed porosity, which in turn was overestimated, while the total porosity was not impacted. Also, visualization of the internal structure of polymer foams by using Micro-CT provides details about the 3 D space which cannot be obtained from SEM images. The analysis of foamed specimen demonstrated that the polymeric foam phases extracted from Micro-CT images were in agreement with the experimentally measured values of total porosity of the samples. In an effort to reduce computational requirements, the effects of reducing data size on the accuracy of results has also been studied by averaging image pixels in 3 D space and the results were compared for multiple types of foam structures. This method reduced the processing time considerably, and yielded comparable porosity values. However, the number of detected pores were lowered due to the inability of this method to detect very small cells after 3 D averaging of image pixels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram Karimipour-Fard
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ibrahim Naeem
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Atef Mohany
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Remon Pop-Iliev
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ghaus Rizvi
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, ON, Canada
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9
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A facile methodology to effectively improve the melt strength and microcellular foamability of isotactic polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-02101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Yao S, Guo T, Liu T, Xi Z, Xu Z, Zhao L. Good extrusion foaming performance of long‐chain branched
PET
induced by its enhanced crystallization property. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tianhao Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhimei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University Urumqi China
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11
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Banerjee D, Dutta A, Vimal KK, Kapur GS, Ghosh AK. Correlation of Micro- and Macrostructural Attributes with the Foamability of Modified Polypropylene Using Supercritical CO 2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debjyoti Banerjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | | | - Gurpreet Singh Kapur
- Petrochemical and Polymer Department, R&D Division, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Faridabad 121007, India
| | - Anup K. Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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12
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Hamidinejad M, Zhao B, Chu RKM, Moghimian N, Naguib HE, Filleter T, Park CB. Ultralight Microcellular Polymer-Graphene Nanoplatelet Foams with Enhanced Dielectric Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19987-19998. [PMID: 29745647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric polymer nanocomposites with high dielectric constant (ε') and low dielectric loss (tan δ) are extremely desirable in the electronics industry. Percolative polymer-graphene nanoplatelet (GnP) composites have shown great promise as dielectric materials for high-performance capacitors. Herein, an industrially-viable technique for manufacturing a new class of ultralight polymer composite foams using commercial GnPs with excellent dielectric performance is presented. Using this method, the high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-GnPs composites with a microcellular structure were fabricated by melt-mixing. This was followed by supercritical fluid (SCF) treatment and physical foaming in an extrusion process, which added an extra layer of design flexibility. The SCF treatment effectively in situ exfoliated the GnPs in the polymer matrix. Moreover, the generation of a microcellular structure produced numerous parallel-plate nanocapacitors consisting of GnP pairs as electrodes with insulating polymer as nanodielectrics. This significantly increased the real permittivity and decreased the dielectric loss. The ultralight extruded HDPE-1.08 vol % GnP composite foams, with a 0.15 g·cm-3 density, had an excellent combination of dielectric properties (ε' = 77.5, tan δ = 0.003 at 1 × 105 Hz), which were superior to their compression-molded counterparts (ε' = 19.9, tan δ = 0.15 and density of = 1.2 g·cm-3) and to those reported in the literature. This dramatic improvement resulted from in situ GnP's exfoliation and dispersion, as well as a unique GnP parallel-plate arrangement around the cells. Thus, this facile method provides a scalable method to produce ultralight dielectric polymer nanocomposites, with a microscopically tailored microstructure for use in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nima Moghimian
- NanoXplore Inc. , 25 Boul. Montpellier , Saint-Laurent , Quebec H4N 2G3 , Canada
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13
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Rizvi A, Tabatabaei A, Vahedi P, Mahmood SH, Park CB. Non-crosslinked thermoplastic reticulated polymer foams from crystallization-induced structural heterogeneities. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Tabatabaei A, Park CB. In-situ visualization of PLA crystallization and crystal effects on foaming in extrusion. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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