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Huang YS, Ejeta DD, Lin KY(A, Kuo SW, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. Synthesis of PDMS-μ-PCL Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Combinations ( Є) of Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling and Ring-Opening Polymerization and Study of the Self-Assembled Nanostructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2355. [PMID: 37630940 PMCID: PMC10457737 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse and unique physical properties, miktoarm star copolymers (μ-SCPs) have garnered significant attention. In our study, we employed α-monobomoisobutyryl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-Br) to carry out styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC) in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol (VBA) at 0 °C. By achieving high coupling efficiency (χc = 0.95), we obtained mid-chain functionalized PDMS-VBAm-PDMS polymers with benzylic alcohols. Interestingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed the insertion of only two VBA coupling agents (m = 2). Subsequently, the PDMS-VBA2-PDMS products underwent mid-chain extensions using ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with an efficient organo-catalyst at 40 °C, resulting in the synthesis of novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs. Eventually, novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs were obtained. The obtained PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs were further subjected to examination of their solid-state self-assembly through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Notably, various nanostructures, including lamellae and hexagonally packed cylinders, were observed with a periodic size of approximately 15 nm. As a result, we successfully developed a simple and effective reaction combination (Є) strategy (i.e., SA ATRC-Є-ROP) for the synthesis of well-defined PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs. This approach may open up new possibilities for fabricating nanostructures from siloxane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Dula Daksa Ejeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Kun-Yi (Andrew) Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
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Hong Y, Qu G, Du Y, Yuan T, Hao S, Yang W, Dai Z, Ma Q. Experimental Investigations into the Pyrolysis Mechanism and Composition of Ceramic Precursors Containing Boron and Nitrides with Different Boron Contents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8390. [PMID: 36499887 PMCID: PMC9739848 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel ceramic precursor containing boron, silicon, and nitrides (named SiBCN) was synthesized from liquid ceramic precursors. Additionally, its pyrolysis, microstructure, and chemical composition were studied at 1600 °C. The results showed that the samples with different boron contents had similar structural composition, and both of the two precursors had stable amorphous SiBN structures at 1400 °C, which were mainly composed of B-N and Si-N and endowed them with excellent thermo-oxidative stability. With the progress of the heating process, the boron contents increased and the structures became more amorphous, significantly improving the thermal stability of the samples in high-temperature environments. However, during the moisture treatment, the introduction of more boron led to worse moisture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Hong
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guoxin Qu
- The Fourth Academy of CASIC, Beijing 100028, China
| | - Youpei Du
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingting Yuan
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangshuang Hao
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Beijing System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingsong Ma
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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Nakamura Y, Tenjimbayashi M, Moriya A, Naito M. Impact of telechelic polymer precursors on the viscoelastic properties of vitrimers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Data‐driven Polymer Design Group Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0047 Japan
| | - Mizuki Tenjimbayashi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0044 Japan
| | - Akinori Moriya
- National Institute of Technology Numazu College 3600 Ooka Numazu Shizuoka 410–8501 Japan
| | - Masanobu Naito
- Data‐driven Polymer Design Group Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1‐2‐1 Sengen Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐0047 Japan
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Chen JK, Huang HY, Tu CW, Lee LT, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. SI ATRP for the Surface Modifications of Optically Transparent Paper Films Made by TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050946. [PMID: 35267769 PMCID: PMC8912791 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of cellulose nanofibers currently match the demands of biodegradable and renewable constituent biocomposites. In this study, we studied the process of preparing TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs). These nano-sized cellulose fibers (ca. 11 nm) can be fabricated to high transmittance and optically transparent paper (OP) films. Then the OP films can be facilely immobilized initiating sites for the subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP). We investigated SI ATRP with styrene (St) kinetics and monitored chemical structure changes of the OP surfaces. The obtained OP-g-PSt significantly led to enhance thermal stability and alter the OP surface with hydrophobic compared to that of pristine OP film. Characterization was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Ya Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ting Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (C.-F.H.)
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (T.J.); (C.-F.H.)
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Lin TY, Tu CW, Aimi J, Huang YW, Jamnongkan T, Hsueh HY, Lin KYA, Huang CF. Miktoarm Star Copolymers Prepared by Transformation from Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization to Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (ESCP- Ŧ-NMP) toward Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2392. [PMID: 34578713 PMCID: PMC8467092 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) serves as a powerful tool nowadays for the preparations of unique linear and non-linear macromolecules. In this study, enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCPs) of styrene (St) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) monomers were, respectively, conducted in the presence of difunctional (1Z,1'Z)-1,1'-(1,4-phenylene) bis (N-tert-butylmethanimine oxide) (PBBN) nitrone. Four-arm (PSt)4 and (PtBA)4 star macroinitiators (MIs) can be afforded. By correspondingly switching the second monomer (i.e., tBA and St), miktoarm star copolymers (μ-stars) of (PSt)2-μ-(PtBA-b-PSt)2 and (PtBA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PtBA)2) were thus obtained. We further conducted hydrolysis of the PtBA segments to PAA (i.e., poly(acrylic acid)) in μ-stars to afford amphiphilic μ-stars of (PSt)2-μ-(PAA-b-PSt)2 and (PAA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PAA)2. We investigated each polymerization step and characterized the obtained two sets of "sequence-isomeric" μ-stars by FT-IR, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Interestingly, we identified their physical property differences in the case of amphiphilic μ-stars by water contact angle (WCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. We thus proposed two microstructures caused by the difference of polymer chain sequences. Through this polymerization transformation (Ŧ) approach (i.e., ESCP-Ŧ-NMP), we demonstrated an interesting and facile strategy for the preparations of μ-stars with adjustable/switchable interior and exterior polymer structures toward the preparations of various nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yao Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Junko Aimi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand;
| | - Han-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, iCAST, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
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Synthesis of thiophene-containing acyclic alkoxyamine for nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization of acrylates and styrene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hsu CJ, Tu CW, Huang YW, Kuo SW, Lee RH, Liu YT, Hsueh HY, Aimi J, Huang CF. Synthesis of poly(styrene)-b-poly(2-vinyl pyridine) four-arm star block copolymers via ATRP and their self-assembly behaviors. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Surface-Initiated Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration (SI ICAR) ATRP of MMA from 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy (TEMPO) Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for the Preparations of PMMA Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101631. [PMID: 31600916 PMCID: PMC6835816 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective method of oxidation from paper pulps via 2,2,6,6–tetramethylpiperidine–1–oxy (TEMPO) compound to obtain TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs) was demonstrated. Following by acylation, TOCN having an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiating site of bromoisobutyryl moiety (i.e., TOCN–Br) was successfully obtained. Through a facile and practical technique of surface-initiated initiators for continuous activator regeneration atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ICAR ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) from TOCN–Br, controllable grafting polymer chain lengths (Mn = ca. 10k–30k g/mol) with low polydispersity (PDI < 1.2) can be achieved to afford TOCN–g–Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanomaterials. These modifications were monitored by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and water contact angle analysis. Eventually, TOCN–g–PMMA/PMMA composites were prepared using the solvent blending method. Compared to the pristine PMMA (Tg = 100 °C; tensile strength (σT) = 17.1 MPa), the composites possessed high transparency with enhanced thermal properties and high tensile strength (Tg = 110 °C and σT = 37.2 MPa in 1 wt% TOCN containing case) that were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests. We demonstrated that minor amounts of TOCN–g–PMMA nanofillers can provide high efficacy in improving the mechanical and thermal properties of PMMA matrix.
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Huang CF, Huang YS, Lai KY. Synthesis and self-assembly of Poly(N-octyl benzamide)-μ-poly(ε-caprolactone) miktoarm star copolymers displaying uniform nanofibril morphology. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sathesh V, Chen JK, Chang CJ, Aimi J, Chen ZC, Hsu YC, Huang YS, Huang CF. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Miktoarm Star Copolymers through ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E858. [PMID: 30960783 PMCID: PMC6403792 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel branched/star copolymers which possess unique physical properties is highly desirable. Herein, a novel strategy was demonstrated to synthesize poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based miktoarm star (μ-star) copolymers by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). From the analyses of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), well-defined PCL-μ-PSt (PSt: polystyrene), and PCL-μ-PtBA (PtBA: poly(tert-butyl acrylate) μ-star copolymers were successfully obtained. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), interestingly, our preliminary examinations of the μ-star copolymers showed a spherical structure with diameters of ca. 250 and 45 nm, respectively. We successfully employed combinations of synthetic techniques including ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP with high effectiveness to synthesize PCL-based μ-star copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Sathesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen District, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Zong-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Huang CF, Chen WH, Aimi J, Huang YS, Venkatesan S, Chiang YW, Huang SH, Kuo SW, Chen T. Synthesis of well-defined PCL-b-PnBA-b-PMMA ABC-type triblock copolymers: toward the construction of nanostructures in epoxy thermosets. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel PCL-b-PnBA-b-PMMA was designed and applied to construct ordered nanostructures within epoxy thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402-27
- Taiwan
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology
| | - Wen-Hua Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402-27
- Taiwan
| | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group
- Research Center for Functional Materials
- National Institute for Materials Science
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402-27
- Taiwan
| | - Sathesh Venkatesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung 402-27
- Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804-24
- Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804-24
- Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- National Sun Yat-Sen University
- Kaohsiung 804-24
- Taiwan
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- China
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