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Huang YS, Ejeta DD, Lin KY(A, Kuo SW, Jamnongkan T, Huang CF. Synthesis of PDMS-μ-PCL Miktoarm Star Copolymers by Combinations ( Є) of Styrenics-Assisted Atom Transfer Radical Coupling and Ring-Opening Polymerization and Study of the Self-Assembled Nanostructures. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2355. [PMID: 37630940 PMCID: PMC10457737 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to their diverse and unique physical properties, miktoarm star copolymers (μ-SCPs) have garnered significant attention. In our study, we employed α-monobomoisobutyryl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS-Br) to carry out styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC) in the presence of 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol (VBA) at 0 °C. By achieving high coupling efficiency (χc = 0.95), we obtained mid-chain functionalized PDMS-VBAm-PDMS polymers with benzylic alcohols. Interestingly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis revealed the insertion of only two VBA coupling agents (m = 2). Subsequently, the PDMS-VBA2-PDMS products underwent mid-chain extensions using ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) with an efficient organo-catalyst at 40 °C, resulting in the synthesis of novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs. Eventually, novel (PDMS)2-μ-(PCL)2 μ-SCPs were obtained. The obtained PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs were further subjected to examination of their solid-state self-assembly through small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Notably, various nanostructures, including lamellae and hexagonally packed cylinders, were observed with a periodic size of approximately 15 nm. As a result, we successfully developed a simple and effective reaction combination (Є) strategy (i.e., SA ATRC-Є-ROP) for the synthesis of well-defined PDMS-μ-PCL μ-SCPs. This approach may open up new possibilities for fabricating nanostructures from siloxane-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Dula Daksa Ejeta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
| | - Kun-Yi (Andrew) Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (Y.-S.H.); (D.D.E.)
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Zhong X, Nagai A, Takeuchi M, Aimi J. Preparation of Supramolecular Miktoarm Star Copolymers with a Zinc Phthalocyanine Core through ATRP and RAFT Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200666. [PMID: 36189886 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Topological polymers have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. This study demonstrates the formation of novel supramolecular miktoarm star copolymers with a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) core using metal-ligand coordination interactions. Various linear polymers with pyridyl end groups, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl acetate) and poly(N-vinyl carbazole), are prepared via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This facilitates coordination to the ZnPc core of 4-armed star-shaped polystyrene prepared via atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Furthermore, the formation of a 1:1 complex of a ZnPc molecule and pyridyl group of the chain-transfer agent for RAFT is confirmed by absorption spectral studies and 1 H NMR spectroscopic analyses. The concept of supramolecular complexation can be extended to the preparation of AB4 -type supramolecular miktoarm star-shaped copolymers with functional cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Zhong
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science: NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Nagai
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science: NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeuchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science: NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Junko Aimi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science: NIMS, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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Lin TY, Tu CW, Aimi J, Huang YW, Jamnongkan T, Hsueh HY, Lin KYA, Huang CF. Miktoarm Star Copolymers Prepared by Transformation from Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization to Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (ESCP- Ŧ-NMP) toward Nanomaterials. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2392. [PMID: 34578713 PMCID: PMC8467092 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) serves as a powerful tool nowadays for the preparations of unique linear and non-linear macromolecules. In this study, enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCPs) of styrene (St) and tert-butyl acrylate (tBA) monomers were, respectively, conducted in the presence of difunctional (1Z,1'Z)-1,1'-(1,4-phenylene) bis (N-tert-butylmethanimine oxide) (PBBN) nitrone. Four-arm (PSt)4 and (PtBA)4 star macroinitiators (MIs) can be afforded. By correspondingly switching the second monomer (i.e., tBA and St), miktoarm star copolymers (μ-stars) of (PSt)2-μ-(PtBA-b-PSt)2 and (PtBA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PtBA)2) were thus obtained. We further conducted hydrolysis of the PtBA segments to PAA (i.e., poly(acrylic acid)) in μ-stars to afford amphiphilic μ-stars of (PSt)2-μ-(PAA-b-PSt)2 and (PAA)2-μ-(PSt-b-PAA)2. We investigated each polymerization step and characterized the obtained two sets of "sequence-isomeric" μ-stars by FT-IR, 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Interestingly, we identified their physical property differences in the case of amphiphilic μ-stars by water contact angle (WCA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. We thus proposed two microstructures caused by the difference of polymer chain sequences. Through this polymerization transformation (Ŧ) approach (i.e., ESCP-Ŧ-NMP), we demonstrated an interesting and facile strategy for the preparations of μ-stars with adjustable/switchable interior and exterior polymer structures toward the preparations of various nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yao Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Tu
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Chutung, Hsinchu 31057, Taiwan;
| | - Junko Aimi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki, Japan;
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
| | - Tongsai Jamnongkan
- Department of Fundamental Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Science at Sriracha, Kasetsart University, Chonburi 20230, Thailand;
| | - Han-Yu Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, iCAST, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (Y.-W.H.)
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Sathesh V, Chen JK, Chang CJ, Aimi J, Chen ZC, Hsu YC, Huang YS, Huang CF. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Miktoarm Star Copolymers through ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E858. [PMID: 30960783 PMCID: PMC6403792 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel branched/star copolymers which possess unique physical properties is highly desirable. Herein, a novel strategy was demonstrated to synthesize poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based miktoarm star (μ-star) copolymers by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). From the analyses of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), well-defined PCL-μ-PSt (PSt: polystyrene), and PCL-μ-PtBA (PtBA: poly(tert-butyl acrylate) μ-star copolymers were successfully obtained. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), interestingly, our preliminary examinations of the μ-star copolymers showed a spherical structure with diameters of ca. 250 and 45 nm, respectively. We successfully employed combinations of synthetic techniques including ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP with high effectiveness to synthesize PCL-based μ-star copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Sathesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Jung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Seatwen District, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Junko Aimi
- Molecular Design & Function Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.
| | - Zong-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, South District, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Kirkensgaard JJK. Kaleidoscopic tilings, networks and hierarchical structures in blends of 3-miktoarm star terpolymers. Interface Focus 2012; 2:602-7. [PMID: 24098844 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissipative particle dynamics simulations are used to explore blends of 3-miktoarm star terpolymers. The investigated system is a 50/50 blend of ABC and ABD stars, which is investigated as a function of composition and at different symmetric segregation levels. The study shows that in analogy to pure ABC star melts cylindrical tiling patters form, but now in four-coloured variants. Also, a large part of the phase diagram is dominated by multi-coloured network structures showing hierarchical features. Most prominently, a novel alternating gyroid network structure with a hyperbolic lamellar interface is predicted to form. Here, the two gyroidal nets are composed of respectively C and D components, with the minority A and B components forming the lamellar-like curved structure on the dividing interface between the two nets.
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