1
|
Szpecht A, Zielinski D, Roszyk S, Smiglak M. Design and Characterization of Epoxy Resin Systems Based on Mixtures of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids with Docusate and Dicyanamide Anions. Molecules 2024; 29:4538. [PMID: 39407468 PMCID: PMC11478318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29194538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of four ionic liquids (ILs), three of which are being reported for the first time, with unique thermal properties and diverse anion-cation combinations, specifically in the context of epoxy resin polymerization. 1-3-Didodecylimidazolium dicyanamide (dDDIM DCA), 1-3-Didodecylimidazolium docusate (dDDIM DOSS), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMIM DCA), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium docusate (EMIM DOSS) were used to prepare six different mixtures with the same cation and with varying concentrations of DCA components, which is the main factor of an efficient polymerization, while the other component is intended to modify the properties of the cured resin. Mixtures based on EMIM cation demonstrated increased enthalpy and lower onset polymerization temperatures, indicating more efficient curing processes. The hardness of cured epoxy resins can be adjusted by altering the curing temperature and IL composition, with EMIM DCA and EMIM DOSS mixtures displaying high Shore A hardness, suitable for durable surface applications. In contrast, mixtures with higher dDDIM DCA proportions offered a balance between rigidity and flexibility, ideal for applications requiring both mechanical strength and elasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Szpecht
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (D.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (D.Z.); (S.R.)
| | - Szymon Roszyk
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (D.Z.); (S.R.)
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznan, Poland; (A.S.); (D.Z.); (S.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanzl L, Vinklárek J, Litecká M, Rebei M, Beneš H, Eisner A, Mikysek T, Krejčová A, Honzíček J. Vanadium-Containing Ionic Liquids Derived from Complexes of Modified Edta as Catalysts of Epoxy-Anhydride Ring-Opening Copolymerization. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16631-16644. [PMID: 39205399 PMCID: PMC11388465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A new type of vanadium-containing ionic liquids (ILs) was synthesized by cation exchange from barium salts of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes stabilized by edta and its congeners (dcta, oedta, and heedta) serving as pentadentate ligands. All starting barium salts and several magnesium and cesium salts, serving as models for the cation exchange, were structurally characterized by single-crystal XRD analysis. The synthesized ILs consisting of organic cations (Bu4N+, Bmim+, and Bu4P+) and complex anions ([VO(edta)]2-, [VO(dcta)]2-, [VO(oedta)]-, and [VO(heedta)]-) were characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods including EPR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Then, ILs were tested as catalysts for the ring-opening copolymerization of epoxy resin with cyclic anhydride showing significant catalytic activity, which led to production of highly cross-linked glassy thermosets. A detailed isothermal DSC kinetic study was performed for the most promising IL showing that the progress of cross-linking can be successfully fitted by the Kamal-Sourour model. Based on the DSC and NIR results, the initiation mechanism of the cross-linking in the presence of vanadium-containing IL was suggested. IL had ability to activate a rapid hydrolysis of anhydride cycle and the formed carboxyl groups initiated a polyesterification. In parallel, the role of imidazolium cation of IL for the initiation of chain-growth anionic copolymerization is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Hanzl
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Vinklárek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Litecká
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the CAS, Husinec-R̆ež 1001, R̆ež 25068, Czech Republic
| | - Marwa Rebei
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6 162 00, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Eisner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mikysek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Krejčová
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beneš H, Konefał M, Bujok S, Mrózek O, Pavlova E, Smržová D, Ecorchard P. Intercalation of Ionic Liquids into LDH Structures for Microwave-Accelerated Polymerizations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14694-14703. [PMID: 37639547 PMCID: PMC10498490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Microwave-accelerated ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters catalyzed by ionic liquid (IL) anions, intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDHs), has been recently described as a fast and environmentally friendly synthetic way to prepare biodegradable polyester/LDH nanocomposites. However, to observe this synergistic catalytic effect between microwaves and IL anions and to achieve a homogeneous structure of the final polymer nanocomposite, the IL anions must be efficiently intercalated inside the LDH structure. Herein, we investigate the effects of various metal compositions of M2+/Al3+ LDHs (M = Mg, Co, and Ca) and different LDH synthetic routes (one-step direct coprecipitation, two-step coprecipitation/anion exchange, and two-step urea/anion exchange) on the intercalation efficiency of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate IL. The most effective IL anion intercalation was observed for Ca2+/Al3+ LDH prepared using the two-step method consisting of coprecipitation and subsequent anion exchange. After optimization, this synthetic pathway led to the production of LDHs with intercalated IL anions and a reduced amount of intercalated water (<0.6 wt %). The catalytic ability of thus optimized LDH particles was demonstrated on the microwave-assisted ROP of ε-caprolactone, showing rapid progress of polymerization. Within minutes, the polycaprolactones with an average molecular mass in the range of 20 000-50 000 g/mol containing fully delaminated and exfoliated LDH nanoparticles were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Beneš
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Konefał
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sonia Bujok
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mrózek
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Pavlova
- Institute
of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Smržová
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ecorchard
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež 1001, 25068 Řež, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma J, Zhou S, Lai Y, Wang Z, Ni N, Dai F, Xu Y, Yang X. Ionic Liquids Facilitate the Dispersion of Branched Polyethylenimine Grafted ZIF-8 for Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081837. [PMID: 37111984 PMCID: PMC10146677 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been previously shown as an emerging modified class of epoxy resin. In this work, we report a simple strategy for preventing zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanoparticles from agglomerating in epoxy resin (EP). Branched polyethylenimine grafted ZIF-8 in ionic liquid (BPEI-ZIF-8) nanofluid with good dispersion was prepared successfully using an ionic liquid as both the dispersant and curing agent. Results indicated that the thermogravimetric curve of the composite material had no noticeable change with increasing BPEI-ZIF-8/IL content. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the epoxy composite was reduced with the addition of BPEI-ZIF-8/IL. The addition of 2 wt% BPEI-ZIF-8/IL into EP effectively improved the flexural strength to about 21.7%, and the inclusion of 0.5 wt% of BPEI-ZIF-8/IL EP composites increased the impact strength by about 83% compared to pure EP. The effect of adding BPEI-ZIF-8/IL on the Tg of epoxy resin was explored, and its toughening mechanism was analyzed in combination with SEM images showing fractures in the EP composites. Moreover, the damping and dielectric properties of the composites were improved by adding BPEI-ZIF-8/IL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuanchang Lai
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaodi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nannan Ni
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yahong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Light-Weight Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orduna L, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Ionic Liquids as Alternative Curing Agents for Conductive Epoxy/CNT Nanocomposites with Improved Adhesive Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:725. [PMID: 36839093 PMCID: PMC9966306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) together with effective curing were obtained in epoxy/CNT nanocomposites (NCs) using three different ionic liquids (ILs). Compared to conventional amine-cured epoxy systems, lower electrical percolation thresholds were obtained in some of the IL-based epoxy systems. For example, the percolation threshold of the trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide (IL-P-DCA)-based system was 0.001 wt.%. The addition of CNTs was not found to have any significant effect on the thermal or low-strain mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, but it did improve their adhesive properties considerably compared to the unfilled systems. This study demonstrates that ILs can be used to successfully replace traditional amine-based curing agents for the production of electrically conductive epoxy/CNT NCs and adhesives, as a similar or better balance of properties was achieved. This represents a step towards greater sustainability given that the vapor pressure of ILs is low, and the amount needed to effectively cure epoxy resins is significantly lower than any of their counterparts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zielinski D, Szpecht A, Hinc P, Smiglak M. Synthesis and Behavior of Hexamethylenetetramine-Based Ionic Liquids as an Active Ingredient in Latent Curing Formulations with Ethylene Glycol for DGEBA. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020892. [PMID: 36677950 PMCID: PMC9863291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the preparation of new ionic liquids based on hexamethylenetetramine with bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and dicyanamide anion, which were characterized in detail in terms of their purity (Ion Chromatography) and thermal properties (Differential Scanning Calorimetry), as well as stability. The obtained substances were used to develop curing systems with ethylene glycol, which were successfully tested for their application with bisphenol A diglycidyl ether molecule. In addition, the curing process and its relationship to the structure of the ionic liquid are characterized in detail. The research showed that hexamethylenetetramine-based new ionic liquids can be successfully designed using well-known and simple synthetic methods-the Delepine reaction. Moreover, attention was paid to their stability, related limitations, and the application of hexamethylenetetramine-based ionic liquids in epoxy-curing systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zielinski
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Szpecht
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paulina Hinc
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Smiglak
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, 61-612 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Livi S, Baudoux J, Gérard JF, Duchet-Rumeau J. Ionic Liquids: A Versatile Platform for the Design of a Multifunctional Epoxy Networks 2.0 Generation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Orduna L, Razquin I, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Ionic Liquid-Cured Epoxy/PCL Blends with Improved Toughness and Adhesive Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2679. [PMID: 35808720 PMCID: PMC9269516 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, ionic liquid (IL)-cured epoxy resins were modified by adding poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). Three different ILs were used in order to study how (a) the chemical structure of the ILs and (b) the PCL content affect the phase behaviour, microstructure, mechanical and adhesive properties. Regardless of the IL used or the PCL content, the obtained materials showed a single phase. The addition of PCL to the epoxy resin resulted in plasticizing of the network blends, lower glass transition temperatures (Tg), and crosslinking densities (νe). Low PCL contents did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. However, the adhesive properties improved significantly at low PCL contents. Higher PCL contents led to a significant increase in toughness, especially in the case of the imidazolium-based IL. The balance achieved between the mechanical and adhesive properties of these IL-cured epoxy/PCL blends constitutes an important step towards sustainability. This is because a biodegradable polymer (PCL) was used to substitute part of the epoxy resin, and the ILs-which are non-volatile and cure effectively at much lower contents-were used instead of conventional curing agents. Given the wide use of this kind of materials in the adhesive industry, the practical significance of these results must be emphasised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials, Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (L.O.); (I.R.); (I.O.); (N.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rebei M, Mahun A, Walterová Z, Trhlíková O, Donato RK, Beneš H. VOC-free tricomponent reaction platform for epoxy network formation mediated by a recyclable ionic liquid. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01031c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
VOC-free mild conditions curing reaction of a petroleum-based epoxy (DGEBA) or a bio-based epoxy (DGEMHQ) in a tricomponent reaction platform with a recyclable imidazolium-based IL (BMImCl) and dicarboxylic acid (succinic acid).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Rebei
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Mahun
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Walterová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Trhlíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ricardo K. Donato
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
- National University of Singapore, Center for Advanced 2D Materials, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Hynek Beneš
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Zhang Z, Qi Y, Yang Q. The Interfacial Structure and Adhesion Mechanism of N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and Epoxy Modified Silicone Tie-Coating to Epoxy Primer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3001. [PMID: 34503041 PMCID: PMC8434322 DOI: 10.3390/polym13173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The matching application of silicone antifouling coating and epoxy primer is a major problem in engineering. Novel epoxy-modified silicone tie-coating was prepared to tie epoxy primer and silicone antifouling coating. Firstly, N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane was mechanically mixed with bisphenol A epoxy resin to form silylated epoxy resin, then the silylated epoxy resin was uniformly mixed with hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and a curing agent and catalyst for coating. An infrared spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter and tensile tests were used to investigate the chemical structure, phase transition temperature and mechanical properties of the tie-coatings. The interlaminar adhesion of the matching coating system was tested and analyzed by a peel-off test and a shear test. Fracture morphology was observed by scanning using an electron microscope. The results showed that crosslinking density of the tie-coating, the elastic modulus and the tensile strength of the coating increased with an increasing epoxy content, but fracture elongation decreased. The shear strength of the matching coating system is 0.37 MPa, and it shows a good tie performance. The maximum anti-peeling rate of the tie-coating on the epoxy primer reaches 100%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhanping Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Q.); (Q.Y.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fonseca E, Silva VD, Amico SC, Pupure L, Joffe R, Schrekker HS. Time‐dependent properties of epoxy resin with imidazolium ionic liquid. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fonseca
- PPGE3M Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Vinícius Demétrio Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Sandro Campos Amico
- PPGE3M Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Liva Pupure
- Institute of Structural Engineering and Reconstruction Riga Technical University Riga Latvia
- Division of Materials Science Lulea University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Roberts Joffe
- Division of Materials Science Lulea University of Technology Luleå Sweden
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lefort T, Duchet-Rumeau J, Livi S, Bachellerie D, Pruvost S. Dielectric behaviour of an epoxy network cured with a phosphonium-based ionic liquid. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Muñoz B, del Bosque A, Sánchez M, Utrilla V, Prolongo S, Prolongo M, Ureña A. Epoxy resin systems modified with ionic liquids and ceramic nanoparticles as structural composites for multifunctional applications. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
14
|
Magnetic Ionic Liquid Nanocatalyst to Improve Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122325. [PMID: 33255359 PMCID: PMC7760319 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
New magnetic imidazolium ionic liquid (IIL) was synthesized to improve the curing, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of the epoxy/polyamine system. In this respect, 2-(4-minophenyl)-1.3-bis(triethoxysilyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium acetate as IIL was synthesized and characterized by different spectroscopy tools. The IIL was used as capping to prepare Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as new Fe3O4-IIL NPs. The thermal stability, morphology, crystal lattice structures, and magnetic properties were evaluated to confirm the formation of uniform, thermal, stable, and superparamagnetic Fe3O4-IIL NPs. The prepared Fe3O4-IIL NPs were mixed with an epoxy/polyamine system to improve the curing, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy through chemical reactions. The dynamic mechanical analyzer and differential scanning calorimeter were used to investigate the flexibility and storage modulus of the cured epoxy/polyamine system in the absence and presence of Fe3O4-IIL NPs. The atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to evaluate the dispersion and embedding of Fe3O4-IIL NPs into epoxy matrix. The thermal, mechanical, and surface morphologies data confirmed that the incorporation of Fe3O4-IIL NPs using 3 wt. % during the curing of an epoxy/polyamine system produces superior epoxy films without cracks, holes, and NPs agglomeration.
Collapse
|
15
|
New Imidazolium Ionic Liquids from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste for Curing Epoxy Resins as Organic Coatings of Steel. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium ionic liquid (IIL) was prepared from aminolysis of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste with pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) to apply as hardener of epoxy resin. Its purified chemical structures, thermal stability, and thermal characteristics were identified as well as amino phthalamide aminolyzed products. The thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins with different weight percentages of IIL were investigated to optimize the best weight ratio to obtain homogeneous networks. The adhesion, durability, and corrosion resistance of the cured epoxy resins on the steel surfaces were tested to confirm that the best weight ratio of epoxy: IL was 2:1. This ratio achieved higher adhesion strength and salt spray resistance to seawater extended to 1500 h.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang J, Chen Z, Guan A(Q, Demarquette NR, Naguib HE. Ionic liquids facilitated dispersion of chitin nanowhiskers for reinforced epoxy composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
Dzienia A, Tarnacka M, Koperwas K, Maksym P, Ziȩba A, Feder-Kubis J, Kamiński K, Paluch M. Impact of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids on the Curing Kinetics and Physicochemical Properties of Nascent Epoxy Resins. Macromolecules 2020; 53:6341-6352. [PMID: 32905278 PMCID: PMC7467775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of anion type (salicylate, [(MOB)MIm][Sal], vs chloride, [(MOB)MIm][Cl]) of imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) and its content on the curing kinetics of bisphenol A diglicydyl ether (DGEBA of molecular weight M n = 340 g/mol). Further physicochemical properties (i.e., glass transition temperature, T g, and conductivity, σdc) of produced polymers were investigated. The polymerization of the studied systems was examined at various molar ratios (1:1, 10:1, and 20:1) at different reaction temperatures (T reaction = 353-383 K) by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Interestingly, both DGEBA/IL compositions studied herein revealed significantly different reaction kinetics and yielded materials of completely distinct physical properties. Surprisingly, in contrast to [(MOB)MIm][Cl], for the low concentration of [(MOB)MIm][Sal] in the reaction mixture, an additional step in the kinetic curves, likely due to the combined enhanced initiation activity of anion (salicylate)-cation (imidazolium-based), was noted. To thoroughly analyze the kinetics of all studied systems, including the two-step kinetics of DGEBA/[(MOB)MIm][Sal], we applied a new approach that relies on the combination of the two phenomenological Avrami equations. Analysis of the determined constant rates revealed that the reaction occurring in the presence of the salicylate anion is characterized by higher activation energy with respect to those with the chloride. Moreover, DGEBA/[(MOB)MIm][Sal] cured materials have higher T g in comparison to DGEBA polymerized with [(MOB)MIm][Cl] independent of the IL concentration. This fact might indicate that, most likely, the products of hardening are highly cross-linked (high T g) or oligomeric linear polymers (low T g) in the former and latter cases, respectively. Such a change in the chemical structure of the polymer is also reflected in the dc conductivity measured at the glass transition temperature, which is much higher for DGEBA cured with [(MOB)MIm][Cl]. Herein, we have clearly demonstrated that the type of anion has a crucial impact on the polymerization mechanism, kinetics, and properties of produced materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Dzienia
- Institute of Chemistry, University
of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Paulina Maksym
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ziȩba
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia
in Katowice, Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego
27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li S, Jiang H, Hua M, Pan X, Li H, Guo X, Zhang H. Theoretical and experimental studies on the thermal decomposition of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate. J Loss Prev Process Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2020.104162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Yin B, Xu W, Liu C, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Synthesis of poly(ionic liquid) for trifunctional epoxy resin with simultaneously enhancing the toughness, thermal and dielectric performances. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2085-2095. [PMID: 35494607 PMCID: PMC9048971 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL), integrating the characteristics of both polymers and ionic liquid, is synthesized and employed to modify diglycidyl-4,5-epoxy-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (TDE-85). With the addition of PIL, the fracture toughness, and thermal and dielectric performances of TDE-85 were discovered to be simultaneously improved, meanwhile the tensile modulus and strength is increased. Upon an optimal loading of 3 wt% PIL, the critical stress intensity factor (K IC), tensile modulus and strength are raised by 92.9%, 13.3% and 10.7%, respectively. Multi-toughening mechanisms due to spherical domains of PIL formed in TDE-85 during curing are responsible for the improved toughness. Moreover, the dielectric and thermal properties of TDE-85 are also enhanced by adding PIL. With the optimal addition of 5 wt% PIL, the dielectric constant of the composites is enhanced by 62.5%, the glass transition temperature is increased by 16.58 °C and the residual weight of carbon is increased by 59%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Yin
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjun Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Lv
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Examining the influence of carboxylic anhydride structures on the reaction kinetics and processing characteristics of an epoxy resin for wind turbine applications. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Carvalho APA, Santos DF, Soares BG. Epoxy/imidazolium‐based ionic liquid systems: The effect of the hardener on the curing behavior, thermal stability, and microwave absorbing properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paula A. Carvalho
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941‐598 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Danielle F. Santos
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941‐598 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bluma G. Soares
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941‐598 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- PEMM‐COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro 21941‐972 Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kong M, Liu C, Tang B, Xu W, Huang Y, Li G. Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Trifunctional Epoxy Resins through Controlling Molecular Networks by Ionic Liquids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Chengjun Liu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Bing Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Wenqing Xu
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PRC
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Examining the Influence of Anion Nucleophilicity on the Polymerisation Initiation Mechanism of Phenyl Glycidyl Ether. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040657. [PMID: 30974878 PMCID: PMC6523680 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetateand 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate to initiate the polyetherification reaction wasexamined using thermal and spectral analysis techniques. The influence of the nucleophilicity of theanions on the deprotonation of the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation determined the reactionpathway. The thermal degradation of the ionic liquid liberated the acetate ion and led, subsequently,to the deprotonation of the acidic proton in the imidazole ring. Thus, polymerisation of PGEoccurred via a carbene intermediate. The more nucleophilic thiocyanate anion was not sufficientlybasic to deprotonate the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, and thus proceeded through directreaction with the PGE, unless the temperature was elevated and a competing carbene mechanismensued.
Collapse
|
24
|
Binks FC, Cavalli G, Henningsen M, Howlin BJ, Hamerton I. On the use of benzaldehyde to improve the storage stability of one-pot, epoxy ionic liquid formulations. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Zhang J, Chen S, He Q, Guo P, Xu Z, Zhang D. Toughening benzoxazines with hyperbranched polymeric ionic liquids: Effect of cations and anions. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
26
|
Examining the effects of storage on the initiation behaviour of ionic liquids towards the cure of epoxy resins. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
27
|
Chiarotto I, Mattiello L, Pandolfi F, Rocco D, Feroci M. NHC in Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids: Actual or Potential Presence? Front Chem 2018; 6:355. [PMID: 30211149 PMCID: PMC6121013 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered in the majority of cases green solvents, due to their virtually null vapor pressure and to the easiness in recycling them. In particular, imidazolium ILs are widely used in many fields of Chemistry, as solvents or precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). The latter are easily obtained by deprotonation of the C2-H, usually using strong bases or cathodic reduction. Nevertheless, it is known that weaker bases (e.g., triethylamine) are able to promote C2-H/D exchange. From this perspective, the possibility of deprotonating C2-H group of an imidazolium cation by means of a basic counter-ion was seriously considered and led to the synthesis of imidazolium ILs spontaneously containing NHCs. The most famous of this class of ILs are N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetates. Due to the particular reactivity of this kind of ILs, they were appointed as “organocatalytic ionic liquids” or “proto-carbenes.” Many papers report the use of these imidazolium acetates in organocatalytic reactions (i. e., catalyzed by NHC) or in stoichiometric NHC reactions (e.g., with elemental sulfur to yield the corresponding imidazole-2-thiones). Nevertheless, the actual presence of NHC in N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetate is still controversial. Moreover, theoretical studies seem to rule out the presence of NHC in such a polar environment as an IL. Aim of this Mini Review is to give the reader an up-to-date overview on the actual or potential presence of NHC in such an “organocatalytic ionic liquid,” both from the experimental and theoretical point of view, without the intent to be exhaustive on N,N'-disubstituted imidazolium acetate applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Chiarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Pandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Rocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Base e Applicate per l'Ingegneria, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|