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El Khashab NG, Albohy SAH, El-Wahab HA, Fouda MMG, Sharaby CM. Preparation and characterization of novel flame-retardant paint of substituted cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonomide and their Cu(II), Cd(II) metal complexes as new additives for exterior wood coating protection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14452. [PMID: 38914569 PMCID: PMC11196631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of flame-retardant materials has become an important research direction. For the past dozen years, researchers have been exploring flame retardants with high flame-retardant efficiency, low toxicity, less smoke, or other excellent performance flame retardants. Therefore, this work aimed to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives and their Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes and investigated their potential applications as high flame-retardant efficiency. Various techniques were used to characterize the prepared ligand H2L and its metal complexes, including elemental analyses, mass spectra, conductivity measurements, electronic spectral data UV-vis, FT-IR, 1H,13C-NMR, TGA, XRD, and molecular docking experiments studies were M. tuberculosis receptors (PDB ID: 5UHF) and the crystal structure of human topoisomerase II alpha (PDB ID: 4FM9). Wood-based paint was physically mixed with the ligand H2L and its metal complexes. The obtained results of mechanical characteristics of the dried paint layers were noticed to improve, such as gloss value, which ranged from 85 to 95, hardness 1.5-2.5 kg, adhesion 4B to 5B, and impact resistance, which improved from 1.3 to 2.5 J. Moreover, the obtained results of flame-retardant properties showed a significant retardant impact compared to the blank sample, such as ignitability, which includes the heat flux which increased from 10 to 25 kW/m2, and ignition time, ranging from 550 to 1200 s, respectively, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) (%) which has been increased from 21 to 130 compared with the plywood sample and sample blank. The ordering activity of the observed results was noticed that coated sample based on Cd(II) metal complexes > coated sample based on Cu(II) metal complexes of Cyclophosphazene ligand > coated sample based on phosphazene ligand H2L > coated sample without additives > uncoated sample. This efficiency may be attributed to (1) the H2L is an organophosphorus compound, which contains P, N, Cl, and aromatic six- and five-member ring, (2) Cu(II) and Cd(II) metal complexes characterized by high thermal stability, good stability, excellent performance flame retardants, and wide application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmeen G El Khashab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Salwa A H Albohy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Abd El-Wahab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulose Based Textiles, Textile Research and Technology Institute (TRT), National Research Center, 33-El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Carmen M Sharaby
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Waldin NA, Jamain Z. Synthesis and Mechanical Property of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives Attached to Hydrazine-bridge Linkage with High Fire Retardancy. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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3
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Qin L, Zhou Y, Gong S, Zhao S, Cao Z, Deng J, Pan K. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Copolymer Consisting of Polyamide 1210 and Reactive Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame-Retardant. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200644. [PMID: 36404053 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability and reactivity of organophosphorus flame-retardants play a critical role in synthesizing copolymerized flame-retardant polyamides. Herein, this work successfully synthesizes a flame-retardant CEPPA-DDA salt (CDS) with both good thermal stability and high reactivity by reacting 2-carboxyethyl phenyl phosphonic acid (CEPPA) with 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA). Flame-retardant polyamide 1210 (FRPA) is further prepared by copolymerizing the CDS, DDA, and sebacic acid (SEA). The test results show that the introduction of CDS can significantly improve the flame-retardant properties of FRPA. Specifically, the flame-retardant polyamide 1210 (FRPA-7) with 7 wt% CDS addition can reach V-0 grade according to UL-94 standard, accompanying limiting oxygen index value of 30.2% and tensile strength of 38.62 MPa. Compared with pure polyamide 1210, the peak heat release rate and total heat release rate of FRPA-7 reduce by 24.11% and 9.40%, respectively. This study provides a simple strategy to prepare flame-retardant polyamides with high flame retardancy and good mechanical properties, which are expected to show great potentials in future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shun Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shikun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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4
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Hao F, Chen Y, Sun Z, Qian L. Component ratio effects of melamine cyanurate and aluminum diethylphosphinate in flame retardant TPU. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Muhammed Raji A, Hambali HU, Khan ZI, Binti Mohamad Z, Azman H, Ogabi R. Emerging trends in flame retardancy of rigid polyurethane foam and its composites: A review. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221144564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the superior thermal insulating attributes of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) compared to other insulating materials (expanded and extruded polystyrene, mineral wool), it remains the most dominant insulating material and most studied polymer foam. Like other polyurethane foam, RPUF is highly flammable, necessitating the incorporation of flame retardants (FR) during production to lower combustibility, promoting its continuous use as insulation material in construction, transportation, and others. The popular approaches for correcting the high flammability of RPUF are copolymerization and blending (with FR). The second method has proven to be most effective as there are limited trade-offs in RPUF properties. Meanwhile, the high flammability of RPUF is still a significant hindrance in emerging applications (sensors, space travel, and others), and this has continuously inspired research in the flame retardancy of RPUF. In this study, properties, and preparation methods of RPUF are described, factors responsible for the high flammability of PUF are discussed, and flame retardancy of RPUF is thoroughly reviewed. Notably, most FR for RPUF are inorganic nanoparticles, lignin, intumescent FR systems of expandable graphite (EG), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and hybridized APP or EG with other FR. These could be due to their ease of processing, low cost, and being environmentally benign. Elaborate discussion on RPUF FR mechanisms were also highlighted. Lastly, a summary and future perspectives in fireproofing RPUF are provided, which could inspire the design of new FR for RPUF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwasiu Muhammed Raji
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
- Department of Polymer and Textile Technology, Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hambali Umar Hambali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Zahid Iqbal Khan
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Binti Mohamad
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Hassan Azman
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Raphael Ogabi
- INSA Center Val de Loire, University Orleans, Bourges, France
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Zhong W, Yu Z, Xiu Zhang Z. Development of polyamide12 composite foam by supercritical CO2: The effect of flame retardants on foaming behavior and properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Wu P, Peng Y, Zhang X, Zhang G, Ran J, Xu M. Unsaturated polyester resin modified with a novel reactive flame retardant: effects on thermal stability and flammability. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A new reactive flame retardant (DTA), containing phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups was synthesized and applied to improve the flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester resin. The thermal stability, flame retardancy and combustion behaviors of UP/DTA thermosets were detected by thermogravimeric analysis (TG), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL94) test and cone calorimeter test. According to the research results, the addition of DTA contributed to improving the flame retardancy of UP. After adding 20 wt% DTA, the LOI of UP composite increased from 19.0% of the neat UP to 26.6%, and UL94 rating reached V-0. In addition, compared with pure UP, the peak heat release rate (pk-HRR), average heat release rate (av-HRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of UP/DTA-20 thermosetting material decreased by 44.0, 26.2 and 29.5%, respectively. In the gaseous phase, DTA decomposed to generate nitrogen-containing fragments with diluting effect and phosphorus-containing free radicals with quenching effect to inhibit the combustion. In the condensed phase, phosphaphenanthrene group of DTA decomposed to generate phosphorus-based compounds, which promoted the carbonization of the UP matrix and cooperated with triazine-trione group to increase the char yield. Therefore, DTA plays an important role in flame retardancy in the gas and condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piye Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
| | - Yongzhi Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , 450000 , PR China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan , 430205 , PR China
| | - Jiabing Ran
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University , Yichang 443002 , China
| | - Man Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , PR China
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Han Y, Bao D, Wang Y, Guo J, Qin M, Zhang J, Zhang S. A novel Eu(BPA)Phen/PA6 fiber with high luminescence efficiency and heat stability. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Xiong G, Gao S, Zhang Q, Ren B, You L, Ding F, He Y, Sun Y. High porosity cyclotriphosphazene-based hyper-crosslinked polymers as efficient cationic dye MB adsorbents. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Feng H, Li D, Cheng B, Song T, Yang R. A cross-linked charring strategy for mitigating the hazards of smoke and heat of aluminum diethylphosphonate/polyamide 6 by caged octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127420. [PMID: 34736179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum diethylphosphonate (ADP) is a highly efficient phosphorus-based flame retardant, widely used in polyamide 6 (PA6). However, ADP/PA6 releases large amounts of heat and smoke under high heat flux, which commonly means serious hazards to life and property. Octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OPS) is an organic-inorganic hybrid silicon compound, playing flame retardant role in condensed phase. In this work, combustion behaviors of OPS/ADP/PA6 were investigated by limited oxygen index (LOI), UL94 and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The LOI and UL94 rating results did not change obviously, while the CONE data and smoke density data showed the synergistic effect of OPS and ADP in PA6. For 2.5%OPS/7.5%ADP/PA6, the peak values of heat, smoke and CO release rate (pk-HRR, pk-RSR, Ds, max with/without pilot flame and pk-COP) decreased by 60.2%, 82.1%, 45.9%/38.3% and 80.4% respectively, compared with 10%ADP/PA6. Moreover, 2.5%OPS/7.5%ADP/PA6 produced 337.5% more residue than 10%ADP/PA6. TGA, TG-IR, SEM-EDS, XPS and py-GC/MS were used to further explore the synergistic mechanism of OPS and ADP. It was verified that the cross-linked charring strategy apparently has weakened the hazards of smoke and heat of PA6. This work proposed a possible technical approach to solve both fire risk and heat/smoke hazards of PA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Feng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China; School of Fire Protection Engineering, China People's Police University, 220 Xichang Road, Anci District, 065000 Langfang, PR China
| | - Dinghua Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Bo Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Tinglu Song
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South, Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, 100081 Beijing, PR China.
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12
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Jeevananthan V, Shanmugan S. Halogen-free layered double hydroxide-cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate flame retardants: effects of cyclotriphosphazene di, tetra and hexacarboxylate intercalation on layered double hydroxides against the combustible epoxy resin coated on wood substrates. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23322-23336. [PMID: 36090417 PMCID: PMC9380775 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02586h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of halogen-free flame retardants as environmentally friendly and renewable materials for heat and fire-resistant applications in the field of electronics is important to ensure safety measures. In this regard, we have proposed a simple and halogen-free strategy for the synthesis of flame retardant LDH-PN materials to decrease the fire hazards of epoxy resin (EP), via a co-precipitation reaction between Mg(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 and the subsequent incorporation of different cyclotriphosphazene (PN) carboxylate anions. The cyclotriphosphazene-based di, tetra and hexacarboxylate-intercalated layered double hydroxides are designated as LDH-PN-DC, LDH-PN-TC and LDH-PN-HC, respectively. Furthermore, the intercalation of cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate anions into the LDH layers was confirmed by PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, solid-state 31P NMR, nitrogen adsorption and desorption analysis (BET), HR-SEM and XPS. Evaluation of the flame retardant (vertical burning test and limiting oxygen index) properties was demonstrated by formulating the LDH-PN materials with epoxy resin (EP) in different ratios coated on wood substrates to achieve the desired behaviour of the EP/LDH-PN composites. Structure–property analysis reveals that EP/LDH-PN-TC-20 wt% and EP/LDH-PN-HC-20 wt% achieved a V0 rating in the UL-94 V test and achieved higher LOI values (27.7 vol% for EP/LDH-PN-TC-20 wt% and 29 vol% for EP/LDH-PN-HC-20 wt%) compared to the epoxy-coated wood substrate (23.2 vol%), whereas EP/LDH-PN-DC failed in the vertical burning test for various weight percentages of LDH-PN-DC from 5 wt% to 20 wt% in the composites, with a lower LOI value of 22.1 vol%. Excellent flame retardancy was observed for EP/LDH-PN-TC and EP/LDH-PN-HC due to the presence of more binding sites of carboxylate anions in the LDH layers and less or no spiro groups in cyclotriphosphazene compared to that in EP/LDH-PN-DC. In addition, the synergistic flame retardant effect of the combination of LDH and cyclotriphosphazene on the epoxy resin composites remains very effective in creating a non-volatile protective film on the surface of the wood substrate to shelter it from air, absorb the heat and increase the ignition time, which prevents the supply of oxygen during the combustion process. The results of this study show that the proposed strategy for designing flame-retardant properties represents the state-of-the-art, competent coating of inorganic materials for the protection and functionalization of wood substrates. The flame retardant properties of the different types of cyclotriphosphazene carboxylate-intercalated LDH materials are emphasized by increasing the number of binding sites and decreasing the number of spiro groups in the cyclotriphosphazene core.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Jeevananthan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swaminathan Shanmugan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li Y, Wang J, Xue B, Wang S, Qi P, Sun J, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Enhancing the flame retardancy and UV resistance of polyamide 6 by introducing ternary supramolecular aggregates. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132100. [PMID: 34826889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An integrated multi-functional additive was fabricated by successively grafting melamine (MEL) and phytic acid (PhA) on multiwalled carbon-nanotubes (MWNCTs), and was then applied in PA6 to improve the flame retardancy and light aging resistance of the composite. The limit oxygen index of PA6 composite containing 7 wt% PhA-MEL-MWCNTs was increased to 26.4 from 21.0. The smoke and CO release were significantly reduced by 48% and 88% respectively, and the severe melt dripping of PA6 in burning was eliminated. It is proved that PhA-MEL-MWCNTs can absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and hence significantly reduces the mechanical property loss of the PA6 composite after UV aging. The tensile strength of the aged PA6/7 wt%PhA-MEL-MWCNTs composite sample only decreased by 18.1%, which was significantly lower than the loss rate of the control aged PA6 sample (62.5%). This protocol provides a new opportunity for fabricating long-life flame retardant polyamide composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Boqiong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Usri SNK, Jamain Z, Makmud MZH. A Review on Synthesis, Structural, Flame Retardancy and Dielectric Properties of Hexasubstituted Cyclotriphosphazene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2916. [PMID: 34502956 PMCID: PMC8433970 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a ring compound consisting of an alternating phosphorus and nitrogen atom with two chlorine substituents attached to the phosphorus atom. The six chlorine atoms attached to this cyclo compound can be substituted with any different nucleophile that leads to changes in different chemical and physical properties. The major topics that were investigated in this research are the flame retardancy and dielectric properties of cyclotriphosphazene compounds. Cyclotriphosphazene compounds have high potential to act as a flame retardant, and this compound consists of two active elements attributed to its high flame-retardant character. This compound also demonstrated good ability as a flame retardant due to its low toxicity and less smoke produced. In addition, cyclotriphosphazene compounds were also investigated for their dielectric properties. Cyclotriphosphazene has high potential in the electrical field since it has dielectric properties that can be widely studied in the investigation of any potential application. This review presented literature studies focused on recent research development and studies in the field of cyclotriphosphazene that focused on synthesis, structural, flame retardancy, and dielectric properties of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuhair Jamain
- Sustainable Materials and Renewable Energy (SMRE) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (S.N.K.U.); (M.Z.H.M.)
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15
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Yang Y, Wang X, Fei B, Li H, Gu X, Sun J, Zhang S. Preparation of phytic acid‐based green intumescent flame retardant and its application in
PLA
nonwovens. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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16
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Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 modified by multiple reactions with furan-phosphamide. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Y, Wu X, Qian L. Flame‐retardant behavior and protective layer effect of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐group flame retardant on polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Engineering Laboratory of non‐halogen flame retardants for polymers Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing China
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18
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Tao W, Hu X, Sun J, Qian L, Li J. Effects of P–N flame retardants based on cytosine on flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyamide 6. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Wang H, Du X, Wang S, Du Z, Wang H, Cheng X. Improving the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethanes based on the synergistic effect of P-N flame retardants and a Schiff base. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12078-12088. [PMID: 35496638 PMCID: PMC9050904 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared. The chemical structures of HEPCP and flame-retardant waterborne polyurethane (WPU) (FR-WPU) were characterized via31P, 1H NMR and FT-IR. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed that HEPCP exhibited excellent thermal stability and produced rich char residue under high temperature compared with the control sample. The Schiff base and cyclotriphosphazene had a synergistic effect on the WPU. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of up to 26.7% were recorded; the dripping behavior was simultaneously improved and achieved a V-1 rating in the UL-94 test by incorporating 0.5 wt% phosphorus. In contrast to the pure WPU, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) of the FR-WPU/HEPCP5 decreased by 43.8%. The char residues increased from 0.63% to 6.96%, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a relatively continuous and membranous substance, with few holes. The results of TGA-FIR, Py-GC/MS and SEM indicated that HEPCP displayed a fire-retardant mechanism in the condensed-phase. In addition, the thermomechanical behaviors and the mechanical properties indicated that both mechanical properties and Tgh increased. A novel reactive intumescent fire retardant hexa-[4-[(2-hydroxy-ethylimino)-methyl]-phenoxyl]-cyclotriphosphazene (HEPCP), containing both cyclotriphosphazene and Schiff base structures, is successfully prepared.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Xiaosheng Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296
| | - Zongliang Du
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
| | - Xu Cheng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China +86-28-85401296.,The Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 PR China
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20
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Long L, Zhou W, Xiang Y, Li J, Huang S, Qin S, Xu G, Yu J. Function of the aryl group in bis DOPO phosphonate on reducing fire hazards of polyamide 6 composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Long
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Wang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Yushu Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Juan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Shaowen Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Guomin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
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21
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WANG K, JU D, XU G, HAN B, WANG Y, ZHANG J, CHAI M, CHEN S, ZHOU W. Enhanced Li Ion Storage Performances of Carbon Black by Introducing Organosulfur Groups on Surface. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.19-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun WANG
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
| | - Dongying JU
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Guiying XU
- Institute of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
| | - Beibei HAN
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Yongfei WANG
- Institute of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
| | - Jian ZHANG
- Institute of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
| | - Maorong CHAI
- Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology
| | - Shaobei CHEN
- Institute of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
| | - Weimin ZHOU
- Institute of Energy Materials and Electrochemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning
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22
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Xu J, Song R, Dai Y, Yang S, Li J, Wei R. Characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles-epoxy resin composite and its antibacterial effects on spoilage bacteria derived from silvery pomfret (Pampus argenteus). Food Packag Shelf Life 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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Cheng J, Wang H, Wang X, Li S, Zhou Y, Zhang F, Wang Y, Qu W, Wang D, Pang X. Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines (China University of Mining and Technology)Ministry of Education Xuzhou 221116 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Haodong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Wenjuan Qu
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xiujiang Pang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety ProtectionQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced CoatingQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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24
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Liang T, Cai J, Liu S, Lai H, Zhao J. Chain Extension and Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aromatic Schiff Base Diepoxide on Polyamide 6/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate Composites. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12142217. [PMID: 31295824 PMCID: PMC6678687 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A way to suppress the deterioration in mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) is required, especially with high loading of flame retardants in the matrix. In this study, a novel aromatic Schiff base diepoxide (DES) was synthesized. It exhibited an efficient chain extension effect on PA6 and a synergistic flame-retardant effect with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) for PA6. The PA6 composite with 16 wt.% AlPi only passed UL-94 V-0 rating at 1.6 mm thickness, while the combination of 1.5 wt.% DES with 13 wt.% AlPi induced PA6 to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating at 0.8 mm thickness. The tensile, flexural, and Izod notched impact strengths were increased by 16.2%, 16.5%, and 24.9%, respectively, compared with those of V-0 flame-retarded PA6 composites with 16 wt.% AlPi. The flame-retarded mechanism of PA6/AlPi/DES was investigated by cone calorimetry and infrared characterization of the char residues and pyrolysis products. These results showed that DES had a synergistic effect with AlPi in condensed-phase flame retardation by promoting the production of aluminum phosphorus oxides and polyphosphates in the char residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shenzhen Halcyon New Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China
| | - Jianan Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hualin Lai
- Shenzhen Halcyon New Materials Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China.
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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25
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Liu K, Li Y, Tao L, Liu C, Xiao R. Synthesis and characterization of inherently flame retardant polyamide 6 based on a phosphine oxide derivative. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Qi H, Ma R, Shi C, Huang Z, Liu S, Sun L, Hu T. Novel low-cost carboxymethyl cellulose microspheres with excellent fertilizer absorbency and release behavior for saline-alkali soil. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:412-419. [PMID: 30853583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Saline-alkali soil and fertilizer loss severely restrict agriculture on the Songnen Plain in China. To resolve this problem, carboxymethyl cellulose immobilized slow-release fertilizer microspheres (CFM) with homogeneity pore structure, high porosity, biodegradable biological macromolecules and excellent fertilizer absorbency were synthesized by the combination of inverse emulsion polymerization and microfluidic method. By optimizing the synthesis conditions, the water absorption of CFM reached 8725 g g-1 in deionized water. The absorbency behaviors of CFM were highly sensitive to pH, ionic strength, and ionic species. In 5 g L-1 urea solution, the adsorption capacity of CFM was 3342.84 g g-1. The CFM showed excellent urea retention at 80 °C for 5 h and sustained release performance in soil. Besides, degradation rate of CFM was closed to 98.2% in Aspergillus niger at the third day. CFM had the advantages of high pH sensitivity, salt resistance, and good fertilizer absorbency and retention. Therefore, it will be prospecting fertilizer sustained release agent in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Qi
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Rongxiu Ma
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Cai Shi
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhanhua Huang
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Long Sun
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Tongxin Hu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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27
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Zhan Y, Du S, He M, Zhang D, Liu Y, Li L. Enhancing the Interfacial Properties of Composites by Grafting Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinyl Alcohol Onto a
CF
Surface. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Kai Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
| | - Shuai Du
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Min He
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Dao‐Hai Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Yu‐Fei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymeric Materials Guiyang, 550014 China
| | - Li‐Ping Li
- School of Materials Science and Metallurgical EngineeringGuizhou University Guiyang, 550025 China
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28
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PVP oxime-TiO2-adenine as a hybrid material: Decent synthesis and depiction with advanced theoretical measurements for anticorrosive behavior and antibacterial potentiality. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Shojaie S, Rostamian M, Samadi A, Alvani MAS, Khonakdar HA, Goodarzi V, Zarrintaj R, Servatan M, Asefnejad A, Baheiraei N, Saeb MR. Electrospun electroactive nanofibers of gelatin‐oligoaniline/Poly (vinyl alcohol) templates for architecting of cardiac tissue with on‐demand drug release. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrokh Shojaie
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCenter Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Stem Cells Research Center, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine InstituteCentral Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Rostamian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering FacultySouth Tehran Branch, Islamic AZAD University Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Samadi
- Polymer Engineering Department, Faculty of EngineeringUrmia University Urmia Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer ProcessingIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute P.O. Box 14965‐115 Tehran Iran
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden Hohe Straße 6 D‐01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Roya Zarrintaj
- Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Imam Khomeini HospitalUrmia University of Medical Sciences Urmia Iran
| | - Morteza Servatan
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUrmia University of Technology Urmia Iran
| | - Azadeh Asefnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Nafiseh Baheiraei
- Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences Division, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and AdditivesInstitute for Color Science and Technology Tehran Iran
- Color and Polymer Research Center (CPRC)Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran
- Advanced Materials GroupIranian Color Society (ICS) Tehran Iran
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30
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Sykam K, Meka KKR, Donempudi S. Intumescent Phosphorus and Triazole-Based Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams from Castor Oil. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1086-1094. [PMID: 31459384 PMCID: PMC6647972 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of a novel phosphorus and triazole-functionalized flame-retardant (FR) monomer (PTFM) using azide-alkyne "click" reaction between triprop-2-ynyl phosphate and 2-azidoethanol that can impart intumescent FR property to polyurethane foams (PUFs) has been reported. Polyurethane triazole foams (PUTFs) were prepared using the as-synthesized PTFM and a hydroxylated castor polyol with a hydroxyl value of ∼310 mg KOH/g for application as reactive FR rigid foams. PTFM and the castor polyol were characterized for structural elucidation using Fourier transform infrared and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. PUTFs with a varying loading content of PTFM were subjected to the lab-scale flame test, cone calorimetry test, Underwriters Laboratory 94 Vertical burning test (UL 94V), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. A significant increase in the char yields, reduction in heat release rates, V-1 rating, and 27% of LOI were observed for PUTFs compared to PUFs and proportional to the percentage loading of PTFM. The cumulative effect of nitrogen and phosphorus in PUTFs on their intumescent behavior was evident from the thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy micrographs, which were further supplemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, indicating expulsion of N2 and overall improvement in compression strength as well. Such environment-friendly reactive FRs can be good replacements to the halogenated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Reddy Meka
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Shailaja Donempudi
- Polymers
& Functional Materials Division, Indian
Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- E-mail: . Phone: 040-27193992 (S.D.)
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31
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Duan J, Tang Q. A revolution of photovoltaics: persistent electricity generation beyond solar irradiation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:799-805. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The integration utilization of solar energy and waste energies by photovoltaics is regarded as a promising solution to resolve energy crisis and environmental pollution problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Duan
- Institute of New Energy Technology
- College of Information Science and Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- PR China
| | - Qunwei Tang
- Institute of New Energy Technology
- College of Information Science and Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- PR China
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32
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Ordered assemblies of Fe3O4 and a donor-acceptor-type π-conjugated polymer in nanoparticles for enhanced photoacoustic and magnetic effects. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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33
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Roy RE, Vijayalakshmi K, Rajeev R. Importance of optimization of functionalization of single walled carbon nanotube with special reference to mechanical, viscoelastic and adhesive characteristics of vinyl terminated polydimethyl siloxane. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Geng Z, Yang S, Zhang L, Huang Z, Pan Q, Li J, Weng J, Bao J, You Z, He Y, Zhu B. Self-Extinguishing Resin Transfer Molding Composites Using Non-Fire-Retardant Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2554. [PMID: 30558309 PMCID: PMC6315867 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Introducing fire-retardant additives or building blocks into resins is a widely adopted method used for improving the fire retardancy of epoxy composites. However, the increase in viscosity and the presence of insoluble additives accompanied by resin modification remain challenges for resin transfer molding (RTM) processing. We developed a robust approach for fabricating self-extinguishing RTM composites using unmodified and flammable resins. To avoid the effects on resin fluidity and processing, we loaded the flame retardant into tackifiers instead of resins. We found that the halogen-free flame retardant, a microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) additive, was enriched on fabric surfaces, which endowed the composites with excellent fire retardancy. The composites showed a 79.2% increase in the limiting oxygen index, a 29.2% reduction in heat release during combustion, and could self-extinguish within two seconds after ignition. Almost no effect on the mechanical properties was observed. This approach is simple, inexpensive, and basically applicable to all resins for fabricating RTM composites. This approach adapts insoluble flame retardants to RTM processing. We envision that this approach could be extended to load other functions (radar absorbing, conductivity, etc.) into RTM composites, broadening the application of RTM processing in the field of advanced functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Yang
- SAMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shangfei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201324, China.
| | - Lianwang Zhang
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Qichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jidi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianan Weng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jianwen Bao
- Avic Advanced Composites Center, Shijun South Street, Aviation Industrial Park, Shunyi, Beijing 101300, China.
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Yong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China.
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35
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Lee S, Seo MH. Low-Temperature Cross-Linkable Small Molecules for Fully Solution-Processed OLEDs. Chemistry 2018; 24:17419-17423. [PMID: 30221405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linkable hole-transporting, host, and electron-transporting materials with a new cross-linking group, uracil, are designed and synthesized. These compounds exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents and excellent solvent resistance after cross-linking at a low temperature of 120 °C. The OLED was fabricated by all-solution processing using cross-linkable synthetic compounds, except for the electrodes. This device exhibited a current efficiency of 39.2 cd A-1 and a power efficiency of 15.3 lm W-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkoo Lee
- IT Convergence Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Choongnam-do, 31056, Korea
| | - Min Hye Seo
- IT Convergence Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Choongnam-do, 31056, Korea
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36
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Mora P, Jubsilp C, Liawthanyarat N, Okhawilai M, Rimdusit S. Friction and Mechanical Properties of Highly Filled Polybenzoxazine Composites: Nanosilica Particle Size and Surface Treatment. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phattarin Mora
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Chanchira Jubsilp
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Srinakharinwirot University; Nakhonnayok 26120 Thailand
| | - Nutthaphon Liawthanyarat
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Sarawut Rimdusit
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- National Nanotechnology Center of Advanced Structural and Functional Nanomaterials; Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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Lv Z, Zhao N, Wu Z, Zhu C, Li Q. Fabrication of Novel Open-Cell Foams of Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Poly(lactic acid) Blends for Tissue-Engineering Scaffolds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Lv
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Changwei Zhu
- Sirade Technologies,
Inc., Toronto L4E 0S7, Canada
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics & Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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38
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Ai L, Chen S, Zeng J, Liu P, Liu W, Pan Y, Liu D. Synthesis and flame retardant properties of cyclophosphazene derivatives containing boron. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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