1
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Liu Q, Zhou SJ, Xiong SJ, Yu S, Yuan TQ. Fractionated lignin as a green compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) /polylactic acid composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130834. [PMID: 38484815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Blending poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) is a cost-effective strategy to obtain biodegradable plastic with complementary properties. However, the incompatibility between PBAT and PLA is a great challenge for fabricating high-performance composite films. Herein, the ethyl acetate fractionated lignin with the small glass transition temperature and low molecular weight was achieved and incorporated into the PBAT/PLA composite as a compatibilizer. The fractionated lignin can be uniformly dispersed within the PBAT/PLA matrix through a melt blending process and interact with the molecular chain of PBAT and PLA as a bonding bridge, which enhances the intermolecular interactions and reduces the interfacial tension of PBAT/PLA. By adding fractionated lignin, the tensile strength of the PBAT/PLA composite increased by 35.4 % and the yield strength increased by 37.7 %. Owing to lignin, the composite films possessed the ultraviolet shielding function and exhibited better water vapor barrier properties (1.73 ± 0.08 × 10-13 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa). This work conclusively demonstrated that fractionated lignin can be used as a green compatibilizer and a low-cost functional filler for PBAT/PLA materials, and provides guidance for the application of lignin in biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Si-Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Jun Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shixin Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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2
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Guan J, Zhang C, Xu P, Niu D, Yang W, Zhang X, Liu T, Ma P. Biodegradable reactive compatibilizers for efficient in-situ compatibilization of poly (lactic acid)/poly (butylene adipate-terephthalate) blends. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130029. [PMID: 38340935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The wide application of fully biodegradable polylactic acid/polybutylene terephthalate (PLA/PBAT) blends in environmentally friendly packaging were limited because of poor compatibility. Normal compatibilizers suffer from poor thermal stability and non-biodegradability. In this work, epoxy copolymer (MDOG) with different molecular structures were made of 2-methylene-1, 3-dioxoheptane, and glycidyl methacrylate as raw materials by free radical copolymerization. MDOG copolymers have good biodegradability and a high thermal decomposition temperature of 361 °C. The chemical reaction of the epoxy groups in MDOG with PLA and PBAT during the melting reaction improved the interfacial bonding by decreasing the particle size of PBAT. Compared to the PLA/PBAT blends, the tensile strength and fracture toughness of PLA/PBAT/MDOG blends were enhanced to 34.6 MPa and 115.8 MJ/m3, which are 25 % and 81 % higher, respectively. As a result, this work offers new methods for developing thermally stable and biodegradable compatibilizers, which will hopefully promote the development of packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Deyu Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Liu Y, Dou Q. Improving the compatibility and toughness of sustainable polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends by incorporation of peroxide and diacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129355. [PMID: 38218295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) blends were compatibilized using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and poly(ethylene glycol) 600 diacrylate (PEG600DA) through a one-step melt-blending process. The compatibility and performance of these blends were subsequently characterized. The results showed that grafts formed "in situ" effectively improved the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT phases. Melt viscosity and elasticity of both the PLA/PBAT/DCP and PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA blends evinced significant increases. Compared to PLA alone, both cold and melt crystallization abilities of the PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA blends were enhanced, with crystallinities increasing by 5 % - 10 %. Furthermore, the thermal stability, as well as hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of the compatibilized blends improved. In comparison with PLA, the elongation at break and notched impact strength for the PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA (60/40/0.1/4) blend achieved increases of 290 % and 44.23 kJ/m2, corresponding to improvements of 279 % and 1457 %, respectively. The toughening effect was substantially influenced by the ductile matrix (either a co-continuous phase or a flexible PBAT matrix) in addition to the strong interfacial adhesion and fine phase domain. These eco-friendly blends exhibit considerable potential for packaging articles and 3D printing products owing to their excellent mechanical properties and enhanced melt rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qiang Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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4
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Liu X, Mo Z, Cui L, Yu C, Zou Z, Liu Y, Zheng W, Tan J. Effect of biaxial stretching on the microstructure evolution, optical, mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126976. [PMID: 37739283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films have been widely used due to their biological degradability and excellent comprehensive properties. However, the reports regarding biodegradable PLA/PBAT films are rather scarce. In this work, systematical investigations of biaxially stretched PLA/PBAT films were performed. Compared with unstretched films, the PLA/PBAT 75/25 films with the stretching ratio of 5 × 1 exhibited an improvement on the crystallinity of PLA from 6 % to 58.6 %. According to 2D-WAXS results, the orientation of the α crystal in the MD increased with the increase of the stretching ratio. The stretched films showed favorable barrier properties. The oxygen permeability (OP) of 2 × 2 PLA/PBAT 75/25 films shows a decrement of 22 % compared with that of the unstretched films. Interestingly, the uniaxially stretched PLA/PBAT 75/25 films exhibits increased surface roughness (Ra) for 3 × 1 film whereas decreased Ra for the 5 × 1 film, which could be related to the phase separation under stretching. The tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) of the PLA/PBAT 75/25 films was improved up to 51.6 MPa for 5 × 1 film, which is 45 % higher than that of unstretched counterpart. The stretched films exhibit excellent mechanical and barrier properties, which could be utilized in packaging industry with high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Liu
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Zhixiang Mo
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Lingna Cui
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China.
| | - Chongdong Yu
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- College of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412000, China.
| | - Wei Zheng
- Xiamen Changsu Industrial Co. Ltd., Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Hunan Green Star Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Zhuzhou 412000, China
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5
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Pesaranhajiabbas E, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Recent progress on biodegradable polylactic acid based blends and their biocomposites: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126231. [PMID: 37567528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Being less dependent on non-renewable resources as well as protecting the environment from waste streams have become two critical primers for a global movement toward replacing conventional plastics with renewable and biodegradable polymers. Despite all these efforts, only a few biodegradable polymers have paved their way successfully into the market. Polylactic acid is one of these biodegradable polymers that has been investigated thoroughly by researchers as well as manufactured on a large industrial scale. It is synthesized from lactic acid obtained mainly from the biological fermentation of carbohydrates, which makes this material a renewable polymer. Besides its renewability, it benefits from some attractive mechanical performances including high strength and stiffness, though brittleness is a major drawback of this biopolymer. Accordingly, the development of blends and biocomposites based on polylactic acid with highly flexible biodegradable polymers, specifically poly(butylene adipate co terephthalate) has been the objective of many investigations recently. This paper focuses on the blends and biocomposites based on these two biopolymers, specifically their mechanical, rheological, and biodegradation, the main characteristics that are crucial for being considered as a biodegradable substitution for conventional non-biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pesaranhajiabbas
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Shahdan D, Rosli NA, Chen RS, Ahmad S, Gan S. Strategies for strengthening toughened poly(lactic acid) blend via natural reinforcement with enhanced biodegradability: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126214. [PMID: 37572810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing popularity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) can be attributed to its favorable attributes, such as excellent compostability and robust mechanical properties. Two notable limitations of PLA are its high brittleness and slow biodegradation rate. Both of blending and copolymerization strategies work well to improve PLA's toughness while sacrificing the good tensile strength and modulus properties of PLA. One of the most effective and economical approaches to address this challenge is to incorporate natural reinforcing agents into the toughened PLA system, thereby simultaneously promoting the biodegradation rate of PLA. Nevertheless, the enhancement of tensile strength and modulus is accompanied by a notable decrease in elongation. Therefore, this review provides comprehensive information on the literature works related to the tensile strength, modulus, elongation at break and impact strength of the toughened PLA and its natural fiber reinforced composites. The impact of natural reinforcing agent on the tensile fracture mechanism as well as the synergistic effect on strengthening and toughening performance will be discussed. This review also focuses on the factors boosting the biodegradability of toughened PLA blend by using natural reinforcing fiber. Review presents potential future insights into the development of biodegradable and balanced strengthened-toughened PLA based advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Shahdan
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Afizah Rosli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia..
| | - Ruey Shan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Sahrim Ahmad
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sinyee Gan
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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7
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Bernardo MP, Rodrigues BC, Sechi A, Mattoso LH. Grafting of maleic anhydride on poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites augments their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1286-1299. [PMID: 36537783 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221147422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Implantation of bone substitutes is the treatment of choice for bone defects exceeding a critical size, when self-healing becomes impossible. The use of 3D printing techniques allows the construction of scaffolds with customized properties. However, there is a lack of suitable materials for bone replacement. In this study, maleic anhydride-grafted poly (lactic acid) (MAPLA) was investigated as a potential compatibilizer agent for 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, in order to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the scaffolds. The grafting process was performed by reactive processing in a torque rheometer, with the evaluation of the use of different concentrations of maleic anhydride (MA). The success of the grafting reaction was confirmed by titration of acid groups and spectroscopic analyses, indicating the presence of succinic anhydride groups on the PLA chain. Morphological analysis of the PLA/HA 3D scaffolds, using SEM, revealed that the use of the compatibilizer resulted in a structure free from voids and holes. The compatibilization also increased the degradation process. On the other hand, TGA and DSC analyses revealed that the use of a compatibilizer had little effect on the thermal properties of the composite. Most importantly, the samples with compatibilizer were demonstrated to have a minimal cytotoxic effect on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), promoting the osteogenic differentiation of these cells in a medium without the addition of classical osteogenic factors. Therefore, the grafting of PLA/HA composites improved their physicochemical and biological properties, especially the induction of MSC osteogenic differentiation, demonstrating the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela P Bernardo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruna C Rodrigues
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sechi
- Department of Cell and Tumor Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 9165RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luiz Hc Mattoso
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory for Agribusiness, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 564899Embrapa Instrumentation, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Neuman A, Zhang S, Lee D, Riggleman RA. Increases in Miscibility of a Binary Polymer Blend Confined within a Nanoparticle Packing. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Neuman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Shannon Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
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9
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Design of biodegradable PLA/PBAT blends with balanced toughness and strength via interfacial compatibilization and dynamic vulcanization. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Robust Poly(glycolic acid) Films with Crystal Orientation and Reinforcement of Chain Entanglement Network. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Niu D, Xu P, Li J, Yang W, Liu T, Ma P. Drawing Temperature-Dependent Mechanical Properties of Poly(glycolic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deyu Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi214122, China
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12
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Shi W, Chen Z. Mechanical, rheological, and crystallinity properties of polylactic acid/polyethylene
glycol‐polydimethylsiloxane
copolymer blends by melt blending. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Shi
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco‐textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai China
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13
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Niu D, Xu P, Li J, Yang W, Liu T, Ma P. Strong, ductile and durable Poly(glycolic acid)-based films by constructing crystalline orientation, entanglement network and rigid amorphous fraction. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Kuehl BW, Hohmann A, Lee TH, Forrester M, Hernandez N, Dietrich H, Smith C, Musselman S, Tran G, Cochran EW. Cavitation-Mediated Fracture Energy Dissipation in Polylactide at Rubbery Soybean Oil-Based Block Copolymer Interfaces Formed via Reactive Extrusion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46912-46919. [PMID: 36201621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Here, we spearhead a new approach to biopolymer impact modification that demonstrates superior performance while maintaining greater than 99% compostability. Using soybean-based monomers, a virtually untapped resource in terms of commercial volume and overall cost, a series of hyperbranched block copolymers were synthesized and melt-processed with poly(l-lactide) (PLA) to yield impact resistant all-polymer composites. Although PLA impact modification has been treated extensively, to date, the only practical solutions have relied on non-compostable petroleum-based rubbers. This study illustrates the activity of energy dissipation mechanisms such as cavitation, classically relegated to well-entangled petroleum-based rubbers, in poorly entangled hyperbranched soybean-based rubbers. Furthermore, we present a complete study of the mechanical performance and morphology of these impact modified PLA composites. The significance of combining deformation theory with a scalable green alternative to petroleum-based rubbers opens up a potential avenue for cheap compostable engineering thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baker W Kuehl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Austin Hohmann
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Ting Han Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Michael Forrester
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Nacu Hernandez
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Hannah Dietrich
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Connor Smith
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Sam Musselman
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Grayson Tran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eric W Cochran
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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15
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Mechanically robust and flame-retardant poly(lactide)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites based on carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:573-584. [PMID: 36087754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to synchronously improve mechanical and flame retardant properties of polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) composites, a series of multifunctional composites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a commercial multifunctional epoxy oligomer (MEO) as chain extender were prepared via melt blending. The results show that the optimal flame retardant properties of PLA5-PBAT5/10A/6C composite containing 6 % CNTs and 10 wt% APP, presented the limited oxygen index reached 28.3 % and exhibited a decrease in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) to 368 kJ/m2 and 72 MJ/m2, respectively because of the co-continuous phase, CNTs network and condensed effect of APP. Meanwhile, the construction of co-continuous phases endows PLA5-PBAT5 with better mechanical compared to PLA8-PBAT2 composites. The elongation at break reaches (245.9 %) and notched impact strength (16.5 kJ/m2) of PLA5-PBAT5/10A/6C were higher than the PLA8-PBAT2/10A/6C by 16.0 and 283.7 %.
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16
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Sirisinha K, Wirasate S, Sirisinha C, Wattanakrai N. One-Pot Reactive Melt Recycling of PLA Post-Consumer Waste for the Production of Block Copolymer Nanocomposites of High Strength and Ductility. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173642. [PMID: 36080715 PMCID: PMC9459722 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-consumer waste recycling is a crucial issue for building a sustainable society. However, mechanical recycling of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) often reduces the performance of the recycled material because PLA has a strong tendency to degrade during reprocessing. Therefore, it is of great interest to develop an effective recycling method to improve the mechanical performance of this material. This paper presents a one-pot melt process for turning PLA waste into a biodegradable block copolymer and its high strength and ductility composite. The process was conducted in a melt-mixer through a transesterification of PLA with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) as a soft component and clay as reinforcement. Effects of soft component content and sequence of clay addition on the mechanical performance of the prepared materials were focused. The results showed the successful preparation of PLA-based multiblock copolymers of high molecular weights (~100 kDa). Both virgin PLA and recycled source could serve as the starting material. PEG was more efficient than PPG in providing an intense improvement of PLA ductility. The nanocomposite of intercalated structure yielded nearly 100 times higher elongation at break (Eb = 506%) than the starting PLA (Eb = 5.6%) with high strength of 39.5 MPa and modulus of 1.4 GPa, considering the advantages of clay addition. Furthermore, the products with a broadened range of properties can be designed based on the ratio of PLA and soft component, as well as the organization and spatial distribution of clay in the copolymer matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanee Sirisinha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Supa Wirasate
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chakrit Sirisinha
- Rubber Technology Research Centre (RTEC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Prathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Noppasorn Wattanakrai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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17
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Xue G, Sun B, Han L, Liu B, Liang H, Pu Y, Tang H, Ma F. Triblock Copolymer Compatibilizers for Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of a Renewable Bio-Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132734. [PMID: 35808779 PMCID: PMC9269499 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an emerging plastic that has insufficient properties (e.g., it is too brittle) for widespread commercial use. Previous research results have shown that the strength and toughness of basalt fiber reinforced PLA composites (PLA/BF) still need to be improved. To address this limitation, this study aimed to obtain an effective compatibilizer for PLA/BF. Melt-blending of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) with PLA in the presence of 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI: 0.5 wt% of the total resin) afforded PLA/PBAT-MDI triblock copolymers. The triblock copolymers were melt-blended to improve the interfacial adhesion of PLA/BF and thus obtain excellent performance of the PLA-ternary polymers. This work presents the first investigation on the effects of PLA/PBAT-MDI triblock copolymers as compatibilizers for PLA/BF blends. The resultant mechanics, the morphology, interface, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the PLA-bio polymers were comprehensively examined via standard characterization techniques. The crystallinity of the PLA-ternary polymers was as high as 43.6%, 1.44× that of PLA/BF, and 163.5% higher than that of pure PLA. The stored energy of the PLA-ternary polymers reached 20,306.2 MPa, 5.5× than that of PLA/BF, and 18.6× of pure PLA. Moreover, the fatigue life of the PLA-ternary polymers was substantially improved, 5.85× than that of PLA/PBAT-MDI triblock copolymers. Thus, the PLA/PBAT-MDI triblock copolymers are compatibilizers that improve the mechanical properties of PLA/BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilian Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Bohua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lu Han
- Changguang Jizhi Optical Technology Co., Ltd., Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Baichuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Hongyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Yongfeng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Hongming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China;
| | - Fangwu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China; (G.X.); (B.L.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (F.M.)
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18
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Jang H, Kwon S, Kim SJ, Park SI. Maleic Anhydride-Grafted PLA Preparation and Characteristics of Compatibilized PLA/PBSeT Blend Films. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137166. [PMID: 35806171 PMCID: PMC9266444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(butylene sebacate-co-terephthalate) (PBSeT) is a biodegradable flexible polymer suitable for melt blending with other biodegradable polymers. Melt blending with a compatibilizer is a common strategy for increasing miscibility between polymers. In this study, PBSeT polyester was synthesized, and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with 25 wt% PBSeT by melt processing with 3–6 phr PLA-grafted maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MAH) compatibilizers. PLA-g-MAH enhanced the interfacial adhesion of the PLA/PBSeT blend, and their mechanical and morphological properties confirmed that the miscibility also increased. Adding more than 6 phr of PLA-g-MAH significantly improved the mechanical properties and accelerated the cold crystallization of the PLA/PBSeT blends. Furthermore, the thermal stabilities of the blends with PLA-g-MAH were slightly enhanced. PLA/PBSeT blends with and without PLA-g-MAH were not significantly different after 120 h, whereas all blends showed a more facilitated hydrolytic degradation rate than neat PLA. These findings indicate that PLA-g-MAH effectively improves PLA/PBSeT compatibility and can be applied in the packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunho Jang
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
| | - Sun Jong Kim
- CJ Cheil Jedang WhiteBio-CJ Research Center, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Su-Il Park
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea
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19
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Ding Y, Li S, Wang J, Liu Y, Dong L, Du X, Huang D, Ai T, Ji J. Synthesis, properties, and hydrolysis of bio‐based poly(butylene succinate‐co‐diethylene glycol succinate) copolyesters. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Shilin Li
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Jingxi Wang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Xihua Du
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou China
| | - Dan Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Tianhao Ai
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics and Ecological Plastics Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
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20
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Khanra S, Kumar A, Ganguly D, Ghorai SK, Chattopadhyay S. The efficacy of methyl vinyl silicone-g-maleic anhydride in the compatibilization of fluoroelastomer and silicone based super specialty elastomer blend. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Khanra S, Kumar A, Ganguly D, Ghorai SK, Chattopadhyay S. Effect of
FKM‐g‐acrylamide
reactive compatibilizer on mechanical, thermal and aging behaviors of fluoroelastomer (
FKM
)/silicone rubber (
MVQ
) blend. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Khanra
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Abhay Kumar
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Debabrata Ganguly
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Sanjoy Kumar Ghorai
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Santanu Chattopadhyay
- Rubber Technology Centre Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
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22
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Barbosa VCS, Sousa AMFD, Silva ALND. Influence of processing parameters on mechanical and thermal behavior of PLA/PBAT blend. POLIMEROS 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.20220018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Nazareth da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro – UFRJ, Brasil
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23
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Ludwiczak J, Frąckowiak S, Leluk K. Study of Thermal, Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Biodegradable PLA/PBAT Films with Highly Oriented MMT. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237189. [PMID: 34885343 PMCID: PMC8658248 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve the properties of biodegradable polylactide (PLA), mixtures with polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared. PLA is a bio-based and renewable biodegradable material, made from starch. PBAT is a biodegradable polyester for compostable film. In order to improve the composite properties, two types of additives were implemented via melt mixing, a chain extender (CE) and montmorillonite (MMT). CE was used as an interfacial modifier to enhance the adhesion between components. Montmorillonite is a widely studied clay added to polymer nanocomposites. Due to the lamellar structure, it improves the barrier properties of materials. PLA/PBAT films were oriented in the extrusion process and the amounts of filler introduced into the PLA/PBAT nanocomposites were 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0%. The improvement in the PLA barrier properties by the addition of PBAT and 5% of MMT was confirmed as the oxygen permeability decreased almost by a factor of 3. The addition of the biodegradable polymer, chain extender, montmorillonite, and the implemented orientation process resulted in a decrease in composite viscosity and an increase in the PLA crystallinity percentage (up to 25%), and the wettability tests confirmed the synergic behavior of the selected polymer blend.
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24
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Niu D, Xu P, Sun Z, Yang W, Dong W, Ji Y, Liu T, Du M, Lemstra PJ, Ma P. Superior toughened bio-compostable Poly(glycolic acid)-based blends with enhanced melt strength via selective interfacial localization of in-situ grafted copolymers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Wu DD, Guo Y, Huang AP, Xu RW, Liu P. Effect of the multi-functional epoxides on the thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/polylactide blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Jin Q, Tian GQ, He R, Gu HL, Wu F, Zhu J. Simultaneously enhancing the crystallization rate and fire retardancy of poly(lactic acid) by using a novel bifunctional additive trimethylamine phenylphosphonate. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27346-27355. [PMID: 35480655 PMCID: PMC9037895 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneously regulating the crystallizing and combustion behaviors of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) will be conducive to its further development in the fields of electronic appliances, automotive and rail transit materials. To achieve this goal, a novel bifunctional additive triethylamine phenylphosphonate (TEAP) was synthesized through acid-base neutralization reaction between trimethylamine and phenylphosphonic acid. When TEAP was added into PLA, the crystallization behaviors of PLA/TEAP assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) suggested that TEAP acted as a nucleating agent and plasticizer for PLA, which effectively increased the crystallization rate of PLA. However, PLA with 3 wt% TEAP showed a slower crystallization rate than that of PLA with 1 wt% TEAP due to the filler aggregation of TEAP. Thus, the crystallization rate increased first and then slightly decreased with increasing content of TEAP. Compared with the variation of the crystallization rate, the long period (L) and amorphous layer thickness (L a) resulting from SAXS showed opposite trends, while the average crystal thickness (L c) changed slightly; the reason may relate to the variation of the number of lamellae with increasing the content of TEAP. Meanwhile, the results of WAXD and Raman spectra showed the crystal structure of PLA was not affected by the addition of TEAP. The combustion behaviors of PLA and PLA/TEAP were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, cone calorimetry test (CCT) and thermal gravimetric analyses coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). According to the results, TEAP mainly promotes the removal of melt dripping, hence brings away heat and delays the combustion. Besides, the production of phosphorus-containing free radicals can quench hydrogen or oxygen free radicals in the fire. Thus, the fire safety of PLA is significantly improved by adding a very low content of TEAP (1-3 wt%). Only 1 wt% loading of TEAP can increase the LOI value of PLA from 19.5 vol% to 28.6 vol%, pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and have a low peak heat release rate of 404 kW m-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 P. R. China +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058 +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058
| | - Guo-Qiang Tian
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Rong He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 P. R. China +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058 +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058
| | - Hai-Long Gu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 P. R. China +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058 +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 P. R. China +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058 +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058
| | - Jiang Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 P. R. China +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058 +86-023-15123252084, +86-023-49512058
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27
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Coiai S, Di Lorenzo ML, Cinelli P, Righetti MC, Passaglia E. Binary Green Blends of Poly(lactic acid) with Poly(butylene adipate- co-butylene terephthalate) and Poly(butylene succinate- co-butylene adipate) and Their Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2489. [PMID: 34372090 PMCID: PMC8348712 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most widely produced biobased, biodegradable and biocompatible polyester. Despite many of its properties are similar to those of common petroleum-based polymers, some drawbacks limit its utilization, especially high brittleness and low toughness. To overcome these problems and improve the ductility and the impact resistance, PLA is often blended with other biobased and biodegradable polymers. For this purpose, poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) are very advantageous copolymers, because their toughness and elongation at break are complementary to those of PLA. Similar to PLA, both these copolymers are biodegradable and can be produced from annual renewable resources. This literature review aims to collect results on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends, as binary blends with and without addition of coupling agents. The effect of different compatibilizers on the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends properties is here elucidated, to highlight how the PLA toughness and ductility can be improved and tuned by using appropriate additives. In addition, the incorporation of solid nanoparticles to the PLA/PBAT and PLA/PBSA blends is discussed in detail, to demonstrate how the nanofillers can act as morphology stabilizers, and so improve the properties of these PLA-based formulations, especially mechanical performance, thermal stability and gas/vapor barrier properties. Key points about the biodegradation of the blends and the nanocomposites are presented, together with current applications of these novel green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Laura Di Lorenzo
- CNR-IPCB, National Research Council—Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Cinelli
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Righetti
- CNR-IPCF, National Research Council—Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council—Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
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28
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Sun J, Jin Y, Wang B, Tian H, Kang K, Men S, Weng Y. High‐toughening modification of polylactic acid by long‐chain hyperbranched polymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yujuan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Huafeng Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Kaier Kang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Shuang Men
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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29
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Pavlopoulou E, Chrissopoulou K, Pispas S, Hadjichristidis N, Anastasiadis SH. The Micellization of Well-Defined Single Graft Copolymers in Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:833. [PMID: 33803241 PMCID: PMC7967213 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of well-defined (polyisoprene)2(polystyrene), I2S, single graft copolymers with similar total molecular weights but different compositions, fPS, were blended with a low molecular weight polyisoprene homopolymer matrix at a constant concentration 2 wt%, and the micellar characteristics were studied by small-angle x-ray scattering. To investigate the effect of macromolecular architecture on the formation and characteristics of micelles, the results on the single graft copolymers were compared with those of the corresponding linear polystyrene-b-polyisoprene diblock copolymers, SI. The comparison reveals that the polystyrene core chains are more stretched in the case of graft copolymer micelles. Stretching turned out to be purely a result of the architecture due to the second polyisoprene block in the corona. The micellization of a (polystyrene)2(polyisoprene), S2I, graft copolymer was also studied, and the comparison with the results of the corresponding I2S and SI copolymers emphasizes the need for a critical core volume rather than a critical length of the core-forming block, in order to have stable micelles. Finally, the absence of micellization in the case of the I2S copolymer with the highest polystyrene volume fraction is discussed. For this sample, macrophase separation occurs, with polyisoprene cylinders formed in the copolymer-rich domains of the phase-separated blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion Crete, Greece;
| | - Kiriaki Chrissopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion Crete, Greece;
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spiros H. Anastasiadis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion Crete, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion Crete, Greece
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30
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Ding Y, Zhang C, Luo C, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Yao B, Dong L, Du X, Ji J. Effect of talc and diatomite on compatible, morphological, and mechanical behavior of PLA/PBAT blends. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biodegradable nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30, w/w) with diatomite or talc (1–7%). From the SEM test, the particles were transported to the interface of two phases, which acted as an interface modifier to strengthen the interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT. Talc and diatomite acted as nucleating agents to improve the crystallization of PBAT in the blends by DSC analysis. Moreover, adding the particles improved the tensile and impact toughness of the blends. The elongation at break with 5% talc was 78% (vs ∼21%) and the impact strength was 15 kJ/m2 (vs ∼6.5 kJ/m2). The rheological measurement revealed that the talc and diatomite reduced the viscosity of the blends. The results showed a good possibility of using talc- and diatomite-filled PLA/PBAT blends with high toughness for green-packaging and bio-membranes application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ding
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Cai Zhang
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Congcong Luo
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Yingmei Zhou
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Bing Yao
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Liming Dong
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Xihua Du
- School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology , Xuzhou 221018 , China
| | - Junhui Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Engineering Plastics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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31
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Han Y, Shi J, Mao L, Wang Z, Zhang L. Improvement of Compatibility and Mechanical Performances of PLA/PBAT Composites with Epoxidized Soybean Oil as Compatibilizer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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32
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Lai WC, Cai YT, Cai YL. Novel green and sustainable shape-stabilized phase change materials for thermal energy storage. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Chi-Hui Tsou, Guo J, Lei JA, De Guzman MR, Suen MC. Characterizing Attapulgite-Reinforced Nanocomposites of Poly(lactic acid). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x20330068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Jiang H, Ding Y, Liu J, Alagarsamy A, Pan L, Song D, Zhang K, Li Y. Supertough Poly(lactic acid) and Sustainable Elastomer Blends Compatibilized by PLLA-b-PMMA Block Copolymers as Effective A-b-C-Type Compatibilizers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingli Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Juyang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 004, India
| | - Li Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dongpo Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Peiyang Park Campus: No. 135 Yaguan Road, Haihe Education Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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35
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Wang B, Jin Y, Kang K, Yang N, Weng Y, Huang Z, Men S. Investigation on compatibility of PLA/PBAT blends modified by epoxy-terminated branched polymers through chemical micro-crosslinking. E-POLYMERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a type of epoxy-terminated branched polymer (ETBP) was used as an interface compati- bilizer to modify the poly lactic acid (PLA)/poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) (PBAT) (70/30) blends. Upon addition of ETBP, the difference in glass transition temperature between PLA and PBAT became smaller. By adding 3.0 phr of ETBP, the elongation at break of the PLA/PBAT blends was found increased from 45.8% to 272.0%; the impact strength increased from 26.2 kJ·m−2 to 45.3 kJ·m−2. In SEM analysis, it was observed that the size of the dispersed PBAT particle decreased with the increasing of ETBP content. These results indicated that the compatibility between PLA and PBAT can be effectively enhanced by using ETBP as the modifier. The modification mechanism was discussed in detail. It proposes that both physical and chemical micro-crosslinking were formed, the latter of which was confirmed by gel content analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Yujuan Jin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Kai’er Kang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
| | - Shuang Men
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China, 100048
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36
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Flores I, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Sardon H, Müller AJ, Muñoz-Guerra S. ROP and crystallization behaviour of partially renewable triblock aromatic-aliphatic copolymers derived from L-lactide. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Entezam M, Poormadadkar H, Khonakdar HA, Jafari SH. Melt rheology and interfacial properties of binary and ternary blends of PS, EOC, and SEBS. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Entezam
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringYazd University Yazd 891581‐8411 Iran
| | - Hasti Poormadadkar
- Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringYazd University Yazd 891581‐8411 Iran
| | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer ProcessingIran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute Tehran 14965‐115 Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of EngineeringUniversity of Tehran Tehran 11155‐4563 Iran
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38
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Li F, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Chen Q, Li Y, You J. Graft ratio: Quantitative measurement and direct evidence for its blending sequence dependence during reactive compatibilization in PVDF/PLLA. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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Samthong C, Kunanusont N, Deetuam C, Wongkhan T, Supannasud T, Somwangthanaroj A. Effect of acrylonitrile content of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber on mechanical and thermal properties of dynamically vulcanized poly(lactic acid) blends. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chavakorn Samthong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nappaphan Kunanusont
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chutimar Deetuam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Tanchanok Wongkhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Thanapat Supannasud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Anongnat Somwangthanaroj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Special Task Force of Activating Research (STAR) in Novel Technology for Food Packaging and Control of Shelf LifeChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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40
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Ding Y, Feng W, Huang D, Lu B, Wang P, Wang G, Ji J. Compatibilization of immiscible PLA-based biodegradable polymer blends using amphiphilic di-block copolymers. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Copolymers containing two types of reactive groups: New compatibilizer for immiscible PLLA/PA11 polymer blends. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Meng W, Chen F, Zhang C, Cui R, Wang P, Liu C. Polyurethane Prepolymer Modified Cassava Starch Based Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) Composites with Excellent Compatibility and High Toughness. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
| | - Ruihua Cui
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
| | - Peilei Wang
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
- Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237P. R. China
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43
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Wang B, Tu Z, Wu C, Hu T, Wang X, Long S, Gong X. Effect of Poly(styrene- ran-methyl acrylate) Inclusion on the Compatibility of Polylactide/Polystyrene- b-Polybutadiene- b-Polystyrene Blends Characterized by Morphological, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Measurements. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050846. [PMID: 31083318 PMCID: PMC6572652 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A poly(styrene-ran-methyl acrylate) (S-MA) (75/25 mol/mol), synthesized by surfactant-free emulsion copolymerization, was used as a compatibilizer for polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS)-toughened polylactide (PLA) blends. Upon compatibilization, the blends exhibited a refined dispersed-phase morphology, a decreased crystallinity with an increase in their amorphous interphase, improved thermal stability possibly from the thicker, stronger interfaces insusceptible to thermal energy, a convergence of the maximum decomposition-rate temperatures, enhanced magnitude of complex viscosity, dynamic storage and loss moduli, a reduced ramification degree in the high-frequency terminal region of the Han plot, and an increased semicircle radius in the Cole–Cole plot due to the prolonged chain segmental relaxation times from increases in the thickness and chain entanglement degree of the interphase. When increasing the S-MA content from 0 to 3.0 wt %, the tensile properties of the blends improved considerably until 1.0 wt %, above which they then increased insignificantly, whereas the impact strength was maximized at an optimum S-MA content of ~1.0 wt %, hypothetically due to balanced effects of the medium-size SBS particles on the stabilization of preexisting crazes and the initiation of new crazes in the PLA matrix. These observations confirm that S-MA, a random copolymer first synthesized in our laboratory, acted as an effective compatibilizer for the PLA/SBS blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Zheng Tu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Chonggang Wu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xiaotao Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Shijun Long
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Xinghou Gong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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44
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The combined effect of reactive and high-shear extrusion on the phase morphologies and properties of PLA/OBC/EGMA ternary blends. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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45
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Xiang S, Feng L, Bian X, Zhang B, Sun B, Liu Y, Li G, Chen X. Toughening modification of PLLA with PCL in the presence of PCL-b
-PLLA diblock copolymers as compatibilizer. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Lidong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Bin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Gao Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
- Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun China
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46
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A review of emerging bone tissue engineering via PEG conjugated biodegradable amphiphilic copolymers. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:1021-1035. [PMID: 30678893 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Defects in bones can be caused by a plethora of reasons, such as trauma or illness, and in many cases, it poses challenges to the current treatment approaches for bone repair. With increasing demand of bone bioengineering in tissue transplant, there is a need to source for sustainable solutions to induce bone regeneration. Polymeric biomaterials have been identified as a promising approach due to its excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. Specifically, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is one of the most commonly investigated polymer for use in bio-related application due to its bioinertness and versatility. Furthermore, the hydrophilic nature enables it to be incorporated with hydrophobic but biodegradable polymers like, polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL), to create an amphiphilic polymer. This article reviews the recent synthetic strategies available for the construction of PEG conjugated polymeric system, analysis of PEG influence on the material properties, and provides an overview of its application in bone engineering.
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47
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Lopes Pereira EC, Soares BG, Jesus RB, Sirqueira AS. DGEBA-Based Epoxy Resin as Compatibilizer for Biodegradable Poly (lactic acid)/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine C. Lopes Pereira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bluma G. Soares
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; PEMM-COPPE; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-972 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Rayan B. Jesus
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Instituto de Macromoléculas; Centro de Tecnologia; 21941-598 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alex S. Sirqueira
- Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste − UEZO; Av. Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203 23070-200 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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