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Huang Z, Wan Z, LU D, Mi Y, Su H. On the characterization of viscoelastic behaviours of ultra-high molecular polyethylene composite with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ionic liquid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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2
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Kim T, Drakopoulos SX, Ronca S, Minnich AJ. Origin of high thermal conductivity in disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene films: ballistic phonons within enlarged crystals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2452. [PMID: 35508468 PMCID: PMC9068786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29904-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal transport properties of oriented polymers are of fundamental and practical interest. High thermal conductivities ( ≳ 50 Wm−1K−1) have recently been reported in disentangled ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) films, considerably exceeding prior reported values for oriented films. However, conflicting explanations have been proposed for the microscopic origin of the high thermal conductivity. Here, we report a characterization of the thermal conductivity and mean free path accumulation function of disentangled UHMWPE films (draw ratio ~200) using cryogenic steady-state thermal conductivity measurements and transient grating spectroscopy. We observe a marked dependence of the thermal conductivity on grating period over temperatures from 30–300 K. Considering this observation, cryogenic bulk thermal conductivity measurements, and analysis using an anisotropic Debye model, we conclude that longitudinal atomic vibrations with mean free paths around 400 nanometers are the primary heat carriers, and that the high thermal conductivity for draw ratio ≳ 150 arises from the enlargement of extended crystals with drawing. The mean free paths appear to remain limited by the extended crystal dimensions, suggesting that the upper limit of thermal conductivity of disentangled UHMWPE films has not yet been realized. Oriented polymers may exhibit high thermal conductivity, but the upper limits remain unclear. Here, the authors show that heat-carrying phonons scatter primarily from crystalline domain boundaries in disentangled polyethylene films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Kim
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Austin J Minnich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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3
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Yang T, Zhao Y, Liu H, Sun M, Xiong S. Effect of Sizing Agents on Surface Properties of Carbon Fibers and Interfacial Adhesion of Carbon Fiber/Bismaleimide Composites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:23028-23037. [PMID: 34549103 PMCID: PMC8444222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Physicochemical, surface, and mechanical properties of three batches of T800 grade carbon fibers (CFs) treated with three kinds of sizing agents and Toray T800H CFs were characterized to study the effect of sizing agents on surface properties. Scanning electron microscopy for morphology, atomic force microscopy calculations, and results for the content of sizing agents showed that sizing agent B improved the surface roughness and CFs with high content of sizing agent always presented small surface roughness in a certain content range 1.2-1.6%. Surface energy of CFs was calculated by Young's contact angle using the test results with water and glycol, and contact angles with LY-1 and modified-AC531 were also acquired. The results proved that CFs of sizing agent group B had the highest average surface energy and the lowest average contact angles with both LY-1 and modified-AC531. From both single-filament and tensile strength test results, the average strength of CFs of sizing agent group B was found to be the lowest, which indicated that sizing agent B had an influence on tensile strength decrease of T800 grade CFs. Comparing the results of interfacial shear strength both in a natural dry state and after hygrothermal treatment, high surface energy was found to be the key element to obtain high interfacial adhesion between T800 grade CFs and bismaleimide, and high surface roughness and low contact angle also played important roles. Among sizing agents A, B, and C, A had an effect on the interfacial shear strength decrease of CFs in the natural dry state, while C had that after hygrothermal treatment.
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Drakopoulos SX, Manika GC, Nogales A, Kim T, Robbins AB, Claudio G, Minnich AJ, Ezquerra TA, Psarras GC, Martin‐Fabiani I, Ronca S. Gold/ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites for electrical energy storage: Enhanced recovery efficiency upon uniaxial deformation. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia C. Manika
- Smart Materials & Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science University of Patras Patras Greece
| | - Aurora Nogales
- Macromolecular Physics Department Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM‐CSIC) Serrano Spain
| | - Taeyong Kim
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Andrew B. Robbins
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Gianfranco Claudio
- Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University England UK
| | - Austin J. Minnich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Macromolecular Physics Department Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM‐CSIC) Serrano Spain
| | - Georgios C. Psarras
- Smart Materials & Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science University of Patras Patras Greece
| | | | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials Loughborough University England UK
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Resende PM, Gutiérrez-Fernández E, Aguirre MH, Nogales A, Martín-González M. Polyethylene three-dimensional nano-networks: How lateral chains affect metamaterial formation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khalid HU, Ismail MC, Nosbi N. Permeation Damage of Polymer Liner in Oil and Gas Pipelines: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102307. [PMID: 33050120 PMCID: PMC7601364 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-metallic pipe (NMP) materials are used as an internal lining and standalone pipes in the oil and gas industry, constituting an emerging corrosion strategy. The NMP materials are inherently susceptible to gradual damage due to creep, fatigue, permeation, processing defects, and installation blunder. In the presence of acid gases (CO2, H2S), and hydrocarbons under high pressure and temperature, the main damage is due to permeation. The monitoring of possible damage due to permeation is not well defined, which leads to uncertainty in asset integrity management. Assessment of permeation damage is currently performed through mechanical, thermal, chemical, and structural properties, employing Tensile Test, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), to evaluate the change in tensile strength, elongation, weight loss or gain, crystallinity, chemical properties, and molecular structure. Coupons are commonly used to analyze the degradation of polymers. They are point sensors and did not give real-time information. Polymers are dielectric materials, and this dielectric property can be studied using Impedance Analyzer and Dielectric Spectroscopy. This review presents a brief status report on the failure of polymer liners in pipelines due to the exposure of acid gases, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants. Permeation, liner failures, the importance of monitoring, and new exclusive (dielectric) property are briefly discussed. An inclusive perspective is provided, showing the challenges associated with the monitoring of the polymer liner material in the pipeline as it relates to the life-time prediction requirement.
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Nanocomposites of Au/Disentangled UHMWPE: A Combined Optical and Structural Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143225. [PMID: 32679714 PMCID: PMC7397333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term disentangled refers to polymers with fewer entanglements in the amorphous regions, a metastable condition that can significantly affect the material’s properties and processing behavior. The lower entanglement density in ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (dis-UHMWPE) facilitates the solid-state processability into uniaxially-oriented specimens reaching very high draw ratios and crystallinities. In this study, Au/dis-UHMWPE nanocomposites were formulated and processed at variable draw ratios. Polarized light microscopy suggests gold nanoparticles are oriented in arrays following the drawing of polymer chains. The structural features, upon orientation, are studied by means of Raman spectroscopy, wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering, and near-infrared spectrophotometry. Crystallinity is found to increase by 15%, as calculated by wide-angle X-ray scattering. The change in optical absorbance in the visible spectrum indicates that, with orientation, the average size of gold aggregates increases, supported quantitatively by small-angle X-ray scattering. Since the gold nanoparticles are expected to be found within amorphous chain segments, the aforementioned findings are attributed to the increase of crystallinity and thus the decrease of available (amorphous) space.
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Drakopoulos SX, Forte G, Ronca S. Relaxation Dynamics in Disentangled Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene via Torsional Rheology. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
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Hussain M, Naqvi RA, Abbas N, Khan SM, Nawaz S, Hussain A, Zahra N, Khalid MW. Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight-Polyethylene (UHMWPE) as a Promising Polymer Material for Biomedical Applications: A Concise Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020323. [PMID: 32033140 PMCID: PMC7077409 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) is used in biomedical applications due to its high wear-resistance, ductility, and biocompatibility. A great deal of research in recent decades has focused on further improving its mechanical and tribological performances in order to provide durable implants in patients. Several methods, including irradiation, surface modifications, and reinforcements have been employed to improve the tribological and mechanical performance of UHMWPE. The effect of these modifications on tribological and mechanical performance was discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Hussain
- Mechanical Engineering Department, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 42000, Pakistan;
| | - Rizwan Ali Naqvi
- Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Naseem Abbas
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Shahzad Masood Khan
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 42000, Pakistan;
| | - Saad Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Lahore, KSK-Campus, Sheikhupura 39350, Pakistan;
| | - Arif Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Nida Zahra
- Department of Physics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Waqas Khalid
- Biomedical Engineering Technology Department, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan;
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Fan LF, Huang YN, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ, Chen X. Imparting External Stress-Free Two-Way Shape Memory Effect to Commodity Polyolefins by Manipulation of Their Hierarchical Structures. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1141-1146. [PMID: 35619451 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two simple methods are proposed to respectively impart external force-free reversible shape memory effect to commercial polyolefins: ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and polypropylene (PP). The key issues lie in the utilization of the partially entangled molecular chains of UHMWPE and the medium crystalline phases of PP as the reversible internal stress providers. The acquired reversible shape memory effect further proves to be applicable for assisting repeatedly self-healing of wider cracks. Compared to the conventional approaches, which used to introduce cross-linkages into the target materials, the present ones only need physical treatment, so that the valuable thermoplasticity of polyolefins is retained. This work can be regarded as an example of the concept "physically converting instead of chemically modifying" for the preparation of functional polymeric materials based on market available plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Fei Fan
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China
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Robbins AB, Drakopoulos SX, Martin-Fabiani I, Ronca S, Minnich AJ. Ballistic thermal phonons traversing nanocrystalline domains in oriented polyethylene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17163-17168. [PMID: 31405988 PMCID: PMC6717268 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1905492116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermally conductive polymer crystals are of both fundamental and practical interest for their high thermal conductivity that exceeds that of many metals. In particular, polyethylene fibers and oriented films with uniaxial thermal conductivity exceeding 50 [Formula: see text] have been reported recently, stimulating interest into the underlying microscopic thermal transport processes. While ab initio calculations have provided insight into microscopic phonon properties for perfect crystals, such properties of actual samples have remained experimentally inaccessible. Here, we report the direct observation of thermal phonons with mean free paths up to 200 nm in semicrystalline polyethylene films using transient grating spectroscopy. Many of the mean free paths substantially exceed the crystalline domain sizes measured using small-angle X-ray scattering, indicating that thermal phonons propagate ballistically within and across the nanocrystalline domains; those transmitting across domain boundaries contribute nearly one-third of the thermal conductivity. Our work provides a direct determination of thermal phonon propagation lengths in molecular solids, yielding insights into the microscopic origins of their high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Robbins
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Stavros X Drakopoulos
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sara Ronca
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Austin J Minnich
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125;
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Pawlak A. The Entanglements of Macromolecules and Their Influence on the Properties of Polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Pawlak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 90‐363 Lodz Poland
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Sufyan M, Hussain M, Ahmad H, Abbas N, Ashraf J, Zahra N. Bulge micro-textures influence on tribological performance of ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) under phosphatidylcholine (Lipid) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab0e94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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