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Okada T, Ishii M, Sato H, Matsuba G. Morphologies of Comb-like Polyacrylic Acid/Polyacrylate Copolymers as Functions of the Degree of Derivatization with n-C 22H 45 Side Chains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4663. [PMID: 38139915 PMCID: PMC10748179 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers with crystallizable side chains have numerous applications, and their properties depend on their crystal morphologies and phase separation. Structural analysis on a wide spatial scale plays an important role in controlling the thermal properties and higher-order structures of these polymers. In this study, we elucidated the melting and crystallization processes of copolymers with varying crystallizable side-chain fractions over a wide spatial range. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the enthalpies of melting and crystallization increased linearly with increasing crystallizable side-chain fraction. The results of wide-angle X-ray scattering indicated that the crystal lattice was hexagonal. Conversely, spherulite-like higher-order architectures with linear structures and radial spreading were observed in the highly crystallizable components, but no micrometer-scale structures were observed in the less crystallizable components. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering was used to elucidate the phase separation and mixing processes. Lamellar crystallites were observed at crystallizable side-chain fractions of >55 wt.%, whereas small crystallites were observed at fractions of <45 wt.%. At temperatures above the order-disorder transition temperature, density fluctuations caused by correlation holes were observed. These properties have a strong effect on the crystallizable side-chain fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Okada
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ishii
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Harumi Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan;
| | - Go Matsuba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
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2
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Gao M, Meng Y, Shen C, Pei Q. Stiffness Variable Polymers Comprising Phase-Changing Side-Chains: Material Syntheses and Application Explorations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109798. [PMID: 35119148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness variable materials have been applied in a variety of engineering fields that require adaptation, automatic modulation, and morphing because of their unique property to switch between a rigid, load-bearing state and a soft, compliant state. Stiffness variable polymers comprising phase-changing side-chains (s-SVPs) have densely grafted, highly crystallizable long alkyl side-chains in a crosslinked network. Such a bottlebrush network-like structure gives rise to rigidity modulation as a result of the reversible crystallization and melting of the side chains. The corresponding modulus changes can be more than 1000-fold within a narrow temperature span, from ≈102 MPa to ≈102 kPa or lower. Other important properties of the s-SVP, such as stretchability, optical transmittance, and adhesion, can also be altered. This work reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in the s-SVP's, discusses the material's structure-property relationship, and summarizes important applications explored so far, including reversible shape transformation, bistable electromechanical transduction, optical modulation, and reversible adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claire Shen
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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3
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Xie A, Chen X, Ai X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhu X, Xing T, Chen G. Novel fabrication of robust superhydrophobic polyester fabric with eugenol based on thiol-ene click chemistry for self-cleaning and water–oil separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Kong P, Deng J, Du Z, Zou W, Zhang C. Construction of lamellar morphology by side‐chain crystalline comb‐like polymers for gas barrier. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education Beijing China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jingqian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education Beijing China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Zhongjie Du
- Changzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute Beijing University of Chemical Technology Jiangsu China
- Scientific Development and Innovation Strategy Department Sinochem Petrochemical Distribution Co., Ltd Shanghai China
| | - Wei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education Beijing China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Changzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute Beijing University of Chemical Technology Jiangsu China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education Beijing China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Changzhou Advanced Materials Research Institute Beijing University of Chemical Technology Jiangsu China
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5
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Yang J, Dong J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu B, Shi H, He L. Phase Transition and Crystallization of Bio-based Comb-like Polymers Based on Renewable Castor Oil-Derived Epoxides and CO 2. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jincheng Dong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yangpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Binyuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lirong He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Mao H, Wang Y, Wang H, Li L, Shi H. Side‐chain crystallization and phase transition of poly[styrene‐
co
‐(maleic anhydride)]‐
g
‐alkylamine comb‐like polymers. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Haixia Wang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Lang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes Tiangong University Tianjin China
- School of Material Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin China
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Vassiliadou O, Chrysostomou V, Pispas S, Klonos PA, Kyritsis A. Molecular dynamics and crystallization in polymers based on ethylene glycol methacrylates (EGMAs) with melt memory characteristics: from linear oligomers to comb-like polymers. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1284-1298. [PMID: 33305780 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01666g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article we present results on the glass transition, crystallization and molecular dynamics in relatively novel oligomers, oligo-ethylene glycol methacrylate (OEGMA), with short and long chains, as well as in the corresponding nanostructured comb-like polymers (POEGMA, short and long), the latter being prepared via the RAFT polymerization process. For the investigation we employed conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry in combination with high resolving power dielectric spectroscopy techniques, broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (BDS) and thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC). Under ambient conditions short OEGMA (475 g mol-1, ∼4 nm in length) exhibits a remarkable low glass transition temperature, Tg, of -91 °C, crystallization temperature Tc = -24 °C and a significant crystalline fraction, CF, of ∼30%. When doubling the number of monomers (OEGMA-long, 950 g mol-1, chain length ∼8 nm) the Tg increases by about 20 K and CF increases to ∼53%, whereas, the Tc migrates to a room-like temperature of 19 °C. Upon formation of comb-like POEGMA structures the grafted OEGMA short chains, strikingly, are not able to crystallize, while in POEGMA-long the crystallization behaviour changes significantly as compared to OEGMA. Our results indicate that in the comb-like architecture the chain diffusion of the amorphous fractions is also strongly affected. The semicrystalline systems exhibit significant melt memory effects, this being stronger in the comb-like architecture. It is shown that these effects are related to the inter- and intra-chain interactions of the crystallizable chains. The dielectric techniques allowed the molecular dynamics mapping of these new systems from the linear oligomers to POEGMAs for the first time. BDS and TSDC detected various dynamics processes, in particular, the local polymer dynamics (γ process) to be sensitive to the Tg, local dynamics triggered in the hydrophilic chain segments by water traces (β), as well as the segmental dynamics (α) related to glass transition. Interestingly, both the short and long linear OEGMAs exhibit an additional relaxation process that resembles the Normal-Mode process appearing in polyethers. In the corresponding POEGMAs this process could not be resolved, this being an effect of the one-side grafted chain on the comb backbone. The revealed variations in molecular mobility and crystallization behavior suggest the potentially manipulable diffusion of small molecules throughout the polymer volume, via both the molecular architecture as well as the thermal treatment. This ability is extremely useful for these novel materials, envisaging their future applications in biomedicine (drug encapsulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vassiliadou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Varvara Chrysostomou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece.
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8
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Dobrotă D, Petrescu V, Dimulescu CS, Oleksik M. Preparation and Characterization of Composites Materials with Rubber Matrix and with Polyvinyl Chloride Addition (PVC). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091978. [PMID: 32878187 PMCID: PMC7564047 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An important problem that arises at present refers to the increase in performances in the exploitation of the conveyor belts. Additionally, it is pursued to use some materials, which can be obtained by recycling rubber and PVC waste, in their structure. Thus, the research aimed at creating conveyor belts using materials obtained from the recycling of rubber and PVC waste. Under these conditions, conveyor belts were made that had in their structure two types of rubber and PVC, which was obtained by adding in certain proportions of reclaimed rubber and powder obtained from grinding rubber waste. In order to study the effect of adding PVC on properties, four types of conveyor belts were made, with the structure of rubber, PVC and textile reinforcement. These have been subjected to certain mechanical tests, also being analyzed from the point of view of the behavior of the accelerated aging. The results obtained showed that the addition of PVC lead to a decrease in tensile stress for the strips made, but also an increase in the tensile strain. Additionally, the elasticity tests performed before and after the accelerated aging showed that the presence of PVC in the structure of the conveyor belts determined a substantial reduction of the aging process of the rubber in the conveyor belts. Under these conditions, it has been established that the use of PVC in the structure of rubber matrix conveyor belts is beneficial if conveyor belts are to be produced that are less subject to mechanical stress, but that work in conditions that can cause accelerated aging of materials. An analysis with the finite element method (FEM) of the test samples was also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dobrotă
- Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (V.P.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-0722-446-082
| | - Valentin Petrescu
- Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (V.P.); (M.O.)
| | | | - Mihaela Oleksik
- Faculty of Engineering, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania; (V.P.); (M.O.)
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9
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Side-chain crystallization and segment packing of poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride)-g-alkyl alcohol comb-like polymers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Barnard E, Pfukwa R, Maiz J, Müller AJ, Klumperman B. Synthesis, Structure, and Crystallization Behavior of Amphiphilic Heteroarm Molecular Brushes with Crystallizable Poly(ethylene oxide) and n-Alkyl Side Chains. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jon Maiz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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11
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Xu H, Wang H, Mao H, Li L, Shi H. Crystallization and thermal performance of poly(acrylonitrile- co-alkyl acrylate) comb-like polymeric phase change materials with various side-chain lengths. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00929f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With an enhanced shape-stabilized performance, PANAn PCMs tuned by varying the alkyl side-chain lengths demonstrate a prospective TES application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tiangong University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Haixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tiangong University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Huiqin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tiangong University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Lang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tiangong University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Tiangong University
- Tianjin 300387
- China
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12
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Li J, Wang H, Kong L, Zhou Y, Li S, Shi H. Phase Transition and Side-Chain Crystallization of Poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)-g-Alkyl Alcohol Comb-like Polymers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Kong
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haifeng Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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