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Inoue S, Higashino T, Nikaido K, Miyata R, Matsuoka S, Tanaka M, Tsuzuki S, Horiuchi S, Kondo R, Sagayama R, Kumai R, Sekine D, Koyanagi T, Matsubara M, Hasegawa T. Control of Polar/Antipolar Layered Organic Semiconductors by the Odd-Even Effect of Alkyl Chain. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308270. [PMID: 38268432 PMCID: PMC10987142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Some rodlike organic molecules exhibit exceptionally high layered crystallinity when composed of a link between π-conjugated backbone (head) and alkyl chain (tail). These molecules are aligned side-by-side unidirectionally to form self-organized polar monomolecular layers, providing promising 2D materials and devices. However, their interlayer stacking arrangements have never been tunable, preventing the unidirectional arrangements of molecules in whole crystals. Here, it is demonstrated that polar/antipolar interlayer stacking can be systematically controlled by the alkyl carbon number n, when the molecules are designed to involve effectively weakened head-to-head affinity. They exhibit remarkable odd-even effect in the interlayer stacking: alternating head-to-head and tail-to-tail (antipolar) arrangement in odd-n crystals, and uniform head-to-tail (polar) arrangement in even-n crystals. The films show excellent field-effect transistor characteristics presenting unique polar/antipolar dependence and considerably improved subthreshold swing in the polar films. Additionally, the polar films present enhanced second-order nonlinear optical response along normal to the film plane. These findings are key for creating polarity-controlled optoelectronic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Inoue
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaIbaraki305‐8565Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nikaido
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Mutsuo Tanaka
- Department of Life & Green ChemistrySaitama Institute of TechnologyFukayaSaitama369‐0293Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaIbaraki305‐8565Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kondo
- Department of PhysicsOkayama UniversityOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Ryoko Sagayama
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0801Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0801Japan
| | - Daiki Sekine
- Department of PhysicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8578Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of PhysicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8578Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in SpintronicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8577Japan
- PRESTOJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kawaguchi332‐0012Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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2
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Cui X, Zhang H, Duan J, Dong J, Xi J, Shao S, Fei Z, Li Z. The Effect of the Alkyl Chains of the Alkylammonium Pesudohalide Additives on the Performance of Dion Jacobson Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2302450. [PMID: 37312671 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dion-Jacobson perovskite (DJP) films suffer from the high structural disorder and non-compact morphology, leading to inefficient and unstable solar cells (SCs). Here, how the alkyl chains of alkylammonium pseudohalide additives including methylammonium thiocyanate (MASCN) and ethylammonium thiocyanate (EASCN), and propylammonium thiocyanate (PASCN), impact the microstructures, optoelectronic properties and the performance of the solar cells is investigated. These additives substantially improve the structural order and the morphology of the DJP films, yielding more efficient and stable solar cells than the control device. They behave quite differently in modifying the morphological features. Particularly, EASCN outstands the additives in terms of the superior morphology, which is compact and uniform and consists of the largest flaky grains. Consequently, the corresponding device delivers a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.27% and maintains ≈86% of the initial PCE after aging in the air for 182 h. Conversely, MASCN as an additive produces uneven DJP film and the device maintains only 46% of the initial PCE. PASCN as an additive produces the finest grains in the DJP film, and the corresponding device yields a PCE of 11.95%. From the economical point of view, it costs 0.0025 yuan per device for the EASCN additive, allowing for cost-effective perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Cui
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jianing Duan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Jun Xi
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shuyan Shao
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhuping Fei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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3
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Liu S, Norikane Y, Kikkawa Y. Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2023; 14:872-892. [PMID: 37674543 PMCID: PMC10477993 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyi Liu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Gao M, Meng Y, Shen C, Pei Q. Stiffness Variable Polymers Comprising Phase-Changing Side-Chains: Material Syntheses and Application Explorations. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2109798. [PMID: 35119148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness variable materials have been applied in a variety of engineering fields that require adaptation, automatic modulation, and morphing because of their unique property to switch between a rigid, load-bearing state and a soft, compliant state. Stiffness variable polymers comprising phase-changing side-chains (s-SVPs) have densely grafted, highly crystallizable long alkyl side-chains in a crosslinked network. Such a bottlebrush network-like structure gives rise to rigidity modulation as a result of the reversible crystallization and melting of the side chains. The corresponding modulus changes can be more than 1000-fold within a narrow temperature span, from ≈102 MPa to ≈102 kPa or lower. Other important properties of the s-SVP, such as stretchability, optical transmittance, and adhesion, can also be altered. This work reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in the s-SVP's, discusses the material's structure-property relationship, and summarizes important applications explored so far, including reversible shape transformation, bistable electromechanical transduction, optical modulation, and reversible adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Gao
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Claire Shen
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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5
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Fu H, Li Y, Wu Z, Lin FR, Woo HY, Jen AKY. Side-chain Substituents on Benzotriazole-based Polymer Acceptors Affecting the Performance of All-polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200062. [PMID: 35318766 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the strategy of polymerized small-molecule acceptors (PSMAs) has attracted extensive attention for applications in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Although side-chain engineering is considered as a simple and effective strategy for manipulating polymer properties, the corresponding effect on photovoltaic performance of PSMAs in all-PSCs has not been systemically investigated. Herein, we present a series of PSMAs based on the benzotriazole (BTz)-core fused SMAs with different N-alkyl chains including branched 2-butyloctyl, linear n-octyl, and methyl on the BTz unit, namely PZT-C12, PZT-C8, and PZT-C1, respectively. Comparative studies show that the size of alkyl chains has a significant impact on the solid-state behavior of PZT polymers, which in turn affects their light absorption and charge transporting capacities, and subsequently the all-PSC performances. When combining with the polymer donor PBDB-T, PZT-C1 affords a champion power conversion efficiency of 14.9%, compared to 13.1% of PZT-C12, and 13.8% of PZT-C8 in the resultant all-PSCs, mainly benefiting from its better crystallinity and the more favorable blend morphology. This work emphasizes the importance of optimizing side-chain substituents on PSMAs for improving the device efficiency of all-PSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, P. R. China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-2120, United States
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Kahwaji S, White MA. Organic Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: Influence of Molecular Structure on Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216635. [PMID: 34771044 PMCID: PMC8588044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that change phase (e.g., via melting) can store thermal energy with energy densities comparable to batteries. Phase change materials will play an increasing role in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, by scavenging thermal energy for later use. Therefore, it is useful to have summaries of phase change properties over a wide range of materials. In the present work, we review the relationship between molecular structure and trends in relevant phase change properties (melting temperature, and gravimetric enthalpy of fusion) for about 200 organic compounds from several chemical families, namely alkanes (paraffins), fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters, diamines, dinitriles, diols, dioic acids, and diamides. We also review availability and cost, chemical compatibility, and thermal and chemical stabilities, to provide practical information for PCM selection. Compounds with even chain alkyl lengths generally give higher melting temperatures, store more thermal energy per unit mass due to more efficient packing, and are of lower cost than the comparable compounds with odd alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Kahwaji
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Mary Anne White
- Department of Chemistry and Clean Technologies Research Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Pishavar E, Oroojalian F, Ramezani M, Hashemi M. Cholesterol-conjugated PEGylated PAMAM as an efficient nanocarrier for plasmid encoding interleukin-12 immunogene delivery toward colon cancer cells. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 36:e2952. [PMID: 31846226 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-12 is a pleiotropic cytokine, which shows an ideal applicant for tumor immunotherapy, because of its features of creating an interconnection between innate (NK cells) and adaptive (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) immunity. IL-12 gene therapy is a useful technique to deliver an immune-modulatory gene directly into tumor site thereby limiting the adverse effects of systemic administration of IL-12 proteins. One of the most largely investigated non-viral gene carriers is polyamidoamine (PAMAM). In the current research, 5 and 3% of PAMAM primary amines were substituted to transmit the plasmid encoding IL-12 gene to cells by cholesteryl chloroformate and alkyl-PEG, respectively. The features of modified PAMAMs containing size and surface charge density, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency were investigated in colon cancer cells. in vitro experiment showed that this modified carrier with average size of about 160 nm and zeta potential of 30 mV was able to increase the level of IL-12 production up to two folds as compared to that of the unmodified PAMAM. Improvement of the polymer hydrophobic balance along with of the modulation of the surface positive charge could provide an efficient and safe non-viral IL-12 gene for colon cancer immunogene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Pishavar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Li B, Zhen J, Wan Y, Lei X, Liu Q, Liu Y, Jia L, Wu X, Zeng H, Zhang W, Wang GW, Chen M, Yang S. Anchoring Fullerene onto Perovskite Film via Grafting Pyridine toward Enhanced Electron Transport in High-Efficiency Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:32471-32482. [PMID: 30152683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene derivatives have been popularly applied as electron transport layers (ETLs) of inverted (p-i-n) planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (iPSCs) due to their strong electron-accepting abilities, and so far, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) has been the most commonly used ETL, which suffers, however, from high cost due to the complicated synthetic route. Herein, novel pyridine-functionalized fullerene derivatives (abbreviated as C60-Py) were synthesized facilely via a one-step 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and applied as ETLs superior to PCBM in iPSC devices. Three pyridine-functionalized fullerene derivatives with different alkyl groups, including methyl, n-butyl, and n-hexyl, grafted onto the pyrrolidine moiety (abbreviated as C60-MPy, C60-BPy, and C60-HPy, respectively) were synthesized. According to cyclic voltammogram study, the chain length of the N-alkyl group has negligible influence on the molecular energy level of C60-Py. However, the ETL performance of C60-Py is sensitively dependent on the chain length of the N-alkyl group, with C60-BPy exhibiting the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.83%, which surpasses that based on PCBM ETL (15.87%). The PCE enhancement of C60-BPy device is attributed to the coordination interactions between the pyridine moiety with the Pb2+ ion of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite, which anchor C60-BPy onto perovskite film and reinforce the passivation of the trap state within the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film and suppress the nonradiative electron-hole recombinations, leading to enhanced electron transport reflected by the increase of short-circuit current density ( Jsc). The ambient stability of C60-HPy-based device is much better than that based on PCBM ETL since its long N-alkyl group can function as a superior encapsulating layer protecting the CH3NH3PbI3 layer from contact with the ambient moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenfeng Zhang
- School of Engineering , Anhui Agricultural University , 130 West Changjiang Road , Hefei 230036 , China
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Li W, Huang Q, Mao Z, Li Q, Jiang L, Xie Z, Xu R, Yang Z, Zhao J, Yu T, Zhang Y, Aldred MP, Chi Z. Alkyl Chain Introduction: In Situ Solar-Renewable Colorful Organic Mechanoluminescence Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12727-12732. [PMID: 30094904 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials are environmentally friendly and emit light by utilizing mechanical energy. This has been utilized in light sources, displays, bioimaging, and advanced sensors. Organic ML materials are strongly limited to application by in situ unrepeatable ML. Now, in situ solar-renewable organic ML materials can be formed by introducing a soft alkyl chain into an ML unit. For the first time, the ML from these polycrystalline thin films can be iteratively produced by simply recrystallizing the fractured crystal in situ after a contactless exposure to sunlight within a short time (≤60 s). Additionally, their ML color and lifetime can be also easily tuned by doping with organic luminescent dyes. Therefore, large-area sandwich-type organic ML devices can be fabricated, which can be repeatedly used in a colorful piezo-display, visual handwriting monitor, and sensitive optical sensor, showing a lowest pressure threshold for ML of about 5 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlang Li
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qiuyi Huang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qi Li
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Long Jiang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zongliang Xie
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Rui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Tao Yu
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Matthew P Aldred
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GDHPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of OEMT, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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Ghule NV, Bhosale RS, Bhosale SV, Srikanth T, Rao NVS, Bhosale SV. Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Unsymmetrically Substituted Naphthalenediimides with a Polar Headgroup: Effect of Amide Hydrogen Bonding and Alkyl Chain Length. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:61-67. [PMID: 29318098 PMCID: PMC5754548 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new unsymmetrically substituted naphthalenediimide (NDI) moieties NDI‐1 to NDI‐6 were synthesized. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by means of FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, ESI‐mass and HRMS spectroscopic measurements. UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to investigate the photophysical properties of the prepared compounds in solution and in the solid state. Using the onset of UV/Vis absorption, the optical band gaps were calculated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed to study the electrochemical behavior and to calculate the LUMO energy levels. The thermal properties of NDI derivatives were studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The mesomorphic birefringent behavior of the NDI derivatives was investigated with polarizing optical microscopy. Among all of the studied NDI derivatives, only NDI‐1, NDI‐2, and NDI‐3 showed liquid crystalline texture, owing to the presence of an amide linkage for H‐bonding along with aromatic moieties for π–π‐stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdev V Ghule
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007, Telangana India
| | - Rajesh S Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007, Telangana India
| | - Sidhanath V Bhosale
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007, Telangana India
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Zhang C, Zang Y, Zhang F, Diao Y, McNeill CR, Di CA, Zhu X, Zhu D. Pursuing High-Mobility n-Type Organic Semiconductors by Combination of "Molecule-Framework" and "Side-Chain" Engineering. Adv Mater 2016; 28:8456-8462. [PMID: 27435601 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
"Molecule-framework" and "side-chain" engineering is powerful for the design of high-performance organic semiconductors. Based on 2DQTTs, the relationship between molecular structure, film microstructure, and charge-transport property in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is studied. 2DQTT-o-B exhibits outstanding electron mobilities of 5.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is a record for air-stable solution-processable n-channel small-molecule OTFTs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher R McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Lu F, Nakanishi T. Alkyl- π engineering in state control toward versatile optoelectronic soft materials. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2015; 16:014805. [PMID: 27877748 PMCID: PMC5036497 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/1/014805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic π-conjugated molecules with extremely rich and tailorable electronic and optical properties are frequently utilized for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. To achieve high solubility for facile solution processing and desirable softness for flexible device fabrication, the rigid π units were in most cases attached by alkyl chains through chemical modification. Considerable numbers of alkylated-π molecular systems with versatile applications have been reported. However, a profound understanding of the molecular state control through proper alkyl chain substitution is still highly demanded because effective applications of these molecules are closely related to their physical states. To explore the underlying rule, we review a large number of alkylated-π molecules with emphasis on the interplay of van der Waals interactions (vdW) of the alkyl chains and π-π interactions of the π moieties. Based on our comprehensive investigations of the two interactions' impacts on the physical states of the molecules, a clear guidance for state control by alkyl-π engineering is proposed. Specifically, either with proper alkyl chain substitution or favorable additives, the vdW and π-π interactions can be adjusted, resulting in modulation of the physical states and optoelectronic properties of the molecules. We believe the strategy summarized here will significantly benefit the alkyl-π chemistry toward wide-spread applications in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengniu Lu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
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