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Inoue S, Higashino T, Nikaido K, Miyata R, Matsuoka S, Tanaka M, Tsuzuki S, Horiuchi S, Kondo R, Sagayama R, Kumai R, Sekine D, Koyanagi T, Matsubara M, Hasegawa T. Control of Polar/Antipolar Layered Organic Semiconductors by the Odd-Even Effect of Alkyl Chain. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308270. [PMID: 38268432 PMCID: PMC10987142 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Some rodlike organic molecules exhibit exceptionally high layered crystallinity when composed of a link between π-conjugated backbone (head) and alkyl chain (tail). These molecules are aligned side-by-side unidirectionally to form self-organized polar monomolecular layers, providing promising 2D materials and devices. However, their interlayer stacking arrangements have never been tunable, preventing the unidirectional arrangements of molecules in whole crystals. Here, it is demonstrated that polar/antipolar interlayer stacking can be systematically controlled by the alkyl carbon number n, when the molecules are designed to involve effectively weakened head-to-head affinity. They exhibit remarkable odd-even effect in the interlayer stacking: alternating head-to-head and tail-to-tail (antipolar) arrangement in odd-n crystals, and uniform head-to-tail (polar) arrangement in even-n crystals. The films show excellent field-effect transistor characteristics presenting unique polar/antipolar dependence and considerably improved subthreshold swing in the polar films. Additionally, the polar films present enhanced second-order nonlinear optical response along normal to the film plane. These findings are key for creating polarity-controlled optoelectronic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Inoue
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaIbaraki305‐8565Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nikaido
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Ryo Miyata
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuoka
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Mutsuo Tanaka
- Department of Life & Green ChemistrySaitama Institute of TechnologyFukayaSaitama369‐0293Japan
| | - Seiji Tsuzuki
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Sachio Horiuchi
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics (RIAEP)National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaIbaraki305‐8565Japan
| | - Ryusuke Kondo
- Department of PhysicsOkayama UniversityOkayama700‐8530Japan
| | - Ryoko Sagayama
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0801Japan
| | - Reiji Kumai
- Photon FactoryInstitute of Materials Structure ScienceHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)TsukubaIbaraki305‐0801Japan
| | - Daiki Sekine
- Department of PhysicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8578Japan
| | | | - Masakazu Matsubara
- Department of PhysicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8578Japan
- Center for Science and Innovation in SpintronicsTohoku UniversitySendai980‐8577Japan
- PRESTOJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST)Kawaguchi332‐0012Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Applied PhysicsThe University of TokyoHongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Jia L, Xue H, Xian F, Sugahara Y, Sakai N, Nan J, Yamauchi Y, Sasaki T, Ma R. Porous and Partially Dehydrogenated Fe 2+ -Containing Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanosheets for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Reaction (ENRR). Small 2023; 19:e2303221. [PMID: 37330649 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of efficient catalysts for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) under ambient conditions are critical for the alternative ammonia (NH3 ) synthesis from N2 and H2 O, wherein iron-based electrocatalysts exhibit outstanding NH3 formation rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Here, the synthesis of porous and positively charged iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets by using layered ferrous hydroxide as a starting precursor, which undergoes topochemical oxidation, partial dehydrogenated reaction, and final delamination, is reported. As the electrocatalyst of ENRR, the obtained nanosheets with a monolayer thickness and 10-nm mesopores display exceptional NH3 yield rate (28.5 µg h-1 mgcat. -1 ) and FE (13.2%) at a potential of -0.4 V versus RHE in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) electrolyte. The values are much higher than those of the undelaminated bulk iron oxyhydroxide. The larger specific surface area and positive charge of the nanosheets are beneficial for providing more exposed reactive sites as well as retarding hydrogen evolution reaction. This study highlights the rational control on the electronic structure and morphology of porous iron oxyhydroxide nanosheets, expanding the scope of developing non-precious iron-based highly efficient ENRR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Jia
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hairong Xue
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Fang Xian
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Sugahara
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sakai
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jingbo Nan
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, 2-8-26 Nishi-waseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0051, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Sasaki
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Renzhi Ma
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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Naganuma H, Nishijima M, Adachi H, Uemoto M, Shinya H, Yasui S, Morioka H, Hirata A, Godel F, Martin MB, Dlubak B, Seneor P, Amemiya K. Unveiling a Chemisorbed Crystallographically Heterogeneous Graphene/ L1 0-FePd Interface with a Robust and Perpendicular Orbital Moment. ACS Nano 2022; 16:4139-4151. [PMID: 35226806 PMCID: PMC8945375 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A crystallographically heterogeneous interface was fabricated by growing hexagonal graphene (Gr) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on a tetragonal FePd epitaxial film grown by magnetron sputtering. FePd was alternately arranged with Fe and Pd in the vertical direction, and the outermost surface atom was identified primarily as Fe rather than Pd. This means that FePd has a high degree of L10-ordering, and the outermost Fe bonds to the carbon of Gr at the interface. When Gr is grown by CVD, the crystal orientation of hexagonal Gr toward tetragonal L10-FePd selects an energetically stable structure based on the van der Waals (vdW) force. The atomic relationship of Gr/L10-FePd, which is an energetically stable interface, was unveiled theoretically and experimentally. The Gr armchair axis was parallel to FePd [100]L10, where Gr was under a small strain by chemical bonding. Focusing on the interatomic distance between the Gr and FePd layers, the distance was theoretically and experimentally determined to be approximately 0.2 nm. This shorter distance (≈0.2 nm) can be explained by the chemisorption-type vdW force of strong orbital hybridization, rather than the longer distance (≈0.38 nm) of the physisorption-type vdW force. Notably, depth-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism analyses revealed that the orbital magnetic moment (Ml) of Fe in FePd emerged at the Gr/FePd interface (@inner FePd: Ml = 0.16 μB → @Gr/FePd interface: Ml = 0.32 μB). This interfacially enhanced Ml showed obvious anisotropy in the perpendicular direction, which contributed to interfacial perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (IPMA). Moreover, the interfacially enhanced Ml and interfacially enhanced electron density exhibited robustness. It is considered that the shortening of the interatomic distance produces a robust high electron density at the interface, resulting in a chemisorption-type vdW force and orbital hybridization. Eventually, the robust interfacial anisotropic Ml emerged at the crystallographically heterogeneous Gr/L10-FePd interface. From a practical viewpoint, IPMA is useful because it can be incorporated into the large bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of L10-FePd. A micromagnetic simulation assuming both PMA and IPMA predicted that perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) using Gr/L10-FePd could realize 10-year data retention in a small recording layer with a circular diameter and thickness of 10 and 2 nm, respectively. We unveiled the energetically stable atomic structure in the crystallographically heterogeneous interface, discovered the emergence of the robust IPMA, and predicted that the Gr/L10-FePd p-MTJ is significant for high-density X nm generation magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Naganuma
- Center
for Spintronics Integrated Systems (CSIS), Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Center
for Innovative Integrated Electronics Systems (CIES), Tohoku University, 468−1
Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8572, Japan
- Center
for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Tohoku University, 2-2-1
Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-05 Aoba Aramaki Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishijima
- The
Electron Microscopy Center, Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hayato Adachi
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Uemoto
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1, Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hikari Shinya
- Research
Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Center
for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering
Science, Osaka University, 1- Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yasui
- Laboratory
for Materials and Structures, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Laboratory
for Zero-Carbon Energy, Tokyo Institute
of Technology, 2-12-1,
Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Morioka
- Application
Laboratory, Application Department, X-ray
Division, Bruker Japan K. K., 3-9, Moriya, Kanagawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0022 Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirata
- School
of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Ookubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Florian Godel
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Bruno Dlubak
- Center
for Spintronics Integrated Systems (CSIS), Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Seneor
- Center
for Spintronics Integrated Systems (CSIS), Tohoku University, 2-2-1 Katahira Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
- Unité
Mixte de Physique, CNRS/Thales, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Kenta Amemiya
- Institute
of Materials Structure Science, High Energy
Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department
of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate
University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Maezawa H, Indo HP, Usami N, Majima HJ, Ito H, Ohnishi K, Kobayashi K. Enhancement of membrane lipid peroxidation in lung cancer cells irradiated with monoenergetic X-rays at the K-shell resonance absorption peak of phosphorus. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:237-242. [PMID: 31904079 PMCID: PMC7246071 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether membrane lipid peroxidation in mammalian cells is enhanced by X-ray irradiation at the K-shell resonance absorption peak of phosphorus. A549 and wild-type p53-transfected H1299 (H1299/wtp53) cell lines derived from human lung carcinoma were irradiated with monoenergetic X-rays at 2.153 keV, the phosphorus K-shell resonance absorption peak, or those at 2.147 or 2.160 keV, which are off peaks. Immunofluorescence staining for 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product, was used as marker for protein modification. In both cell lines, the HNE production was significantly enhanced after irradiation at 2.153 keV compared to sham-irradiation. The enhancement (E) was calculated as the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of irradiated cells to that of sham-irradiated cells. In both the cell lines, E2.153 was significantly larger than E2.147 and no significant difference between E2.147 and E2.160 was observed. The extra enhancement at 2.153 keV was possibly caused by energy transition within the phosphorus K-shell resonance absorption. Our results indicate that membrane lipid peroxidation in cells is enhanced by the Auger effect after irradiation at the K-shell resonance absorption peak of phosphorus rather than by the photoelectric effect of the constituent atoms in the membrane lipid at 2.147 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Maezawa
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroko P Indo
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Noriko Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Department of Oncology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Ken Ohnishi
- Center for Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, 4669-2 Oaza-ami, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0394, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kobayashi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Material Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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5
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Zhao W, Sakurai K. Multi-element X-ray movie imaging with a visible-light CMOS camera. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:230-233. [PMID: 30655489 PMCID: PMC6337888 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518014273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For many years, X-ray movies have been considered a promising tool for exploring and providing insights into chemical reactions. A simultaneous multi-element X-ray movie can further clarify the behavior difference of various elements and help investigate their interactions. The present short communication illustrates how to conduct multi-element X-ray movie imaging in a synchrotron facility solely by placing a micro-pinhole in front of a visible-light complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. It has been found that the CMOS camera can resolve X-ray fluorescence spectra when it is specially operated. In this work, a spatial resolution of ∼15 µm was achieved. In the X-ray movie, a movie frame acquisition time of 2 min and a spatial resolution of ∼50 µm were simultaneously achieved. It is clear that the CMOS camera can be a cost-efficient option for many researchers who wish to establish their own setup for visualizing chemical diffusion in various reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhao
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakurai
- University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
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