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Skorupska M, Kulczyk M, Denis P, Grzęda D, Czajka A, Ryszkowska J. Structural Hierarchy of PA6 Macromolecules after Hydrostatic Extrusion. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093435. [PMID: 37176317 PMCID: PMC10179753 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This article presents the influence of severe plastic deformation by hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the thermal and structural properties of polyamide 6 (PA6). During the hydrostatic extrusion process, a fibrous structure oriented along the extrusion direction is formed, which was visualized during microscopic observations. The degree of crystallinity was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Wide-angle X-ray scattering diffraction (WAXS) analysis was used to partially characterize the PA6 structure after the HE process. The contents of various forms of the crystalline phase in PA6 samples before and after the HE process were analyzed in fragments of spectroscopy in infrared (FTIR). The favorable properties of PA6 after the HE process were obtained after deformation under conditions generating an adiabatic temperature higher than the glass transition temperature and lower than the temperature of the onset of melting of the crystalline phase. Thermal analysis using DSC allowed us to conclude that in the PA6 after the HE process generating deformations in the range of 0.68-1.56, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases in PA6. As the deformation increases in the HE process, the crystalline phase proportion increases by 12% compared to the initial material (before HE). The glass transition temperature of PA6 is ca. 50.6 °C, reduced for the sample after the HE process at a small deformation of 0.68 (PA6_0.68) to ca. 44.2 °C. For other samples, Tg is ca. 53.2-53.5 °C. As a result of the analysis of WAXS diffractograms of PA6 samples after various deformations in the HE process, the presence of typical peaks of phases α1 and α2 and γ was observed. The results of the FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirm these observations that as the deformation increases, the proportion of the crystalline phase α increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Skorupska
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Unipress), Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kulczyk
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Unipress), Sokołowska 29, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Denis
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Grzęda
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Czajka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Ryszkowska
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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Jain M, Mutlu Z, Mao J, Zhou J, Zhou P, Wu C, Cao Y, Cakmak M. Effect of uniaxial stretching on the structural and dielectric properties of melt cast Nylon 11 films. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Jain
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Zeynep Mutlu
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Jiahao Mao
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Jierui Zhou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Peinan Zhou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Yang Cao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Mukerrem Cakmak
- Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- School of Materials Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
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The Structural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Semi-Aromatic Polyamide 12T after Stretching. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224805. [PMID: 36432932 PMCID: PMC9693562 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of semi-aromatic polyamides with excellent mechanical properties has always been a popular research avenue. In this work, the semi-aromatic polyamide 12T (PA12T) with the maximum tensile strength of 465.5 MPa was prepared after stretching at 210 °C 4.6 times. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to characterize the structural evolution of semi-aromatic polyamide 12T (PA12T) after stretching at different stretching temperatures and stretching ratios. The formation mechanism of this change in mechanical properties was investigated from different aspects of the aggregated structure such as crystal morphology, crystal orientation and crystallinity. The relevant characterization results show that the crystal structure, crystal orientation and crystallinity of PA12T were the highest when the sample was pre-stretched at 210 °C, which is crucial for improving the mechanical properties of PA12T. These findings will provide important guidance for the preparation of polymer materials with excellent mechanical properties.
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Quan Q, Zhang Y, Piao H, Zhang H, Zhao J. Polybutyrolactam (PBY) fiber: A promising biobased and biodegradable fiber fabricated by dry-jet-wet spinning. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wang Y, Shao J, Zhu P, Wang L, Wang D, Dong X. Brill Transition in Polyamide 1012 Multiblock Poly(tetramethylene oxide) Copolymers: The Effect of Composition on Hydrogen-Bonding Organization. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jianming Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ma GQ, Sun ZB, Ren JY, Zeng Y, Jia DZ, Li Y, Guan B, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Reorganization of Hydrogen Bonding in Biobased Polyamide 5,13 under the Thermo-Mechanical Field: Hierarchical Microstructure Evolution and Achieving Excellent Mechanical Performance. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3990-4003. [PMID: 35960547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hierarchical microstructure evolution of an emerging biobased odd-odd polyamide 5,13 (PA5,13) films under the thermo-mechanical field, stepping from hydrogen bond (H-bond) arrangement to the crystalline morphology, has been investigated systematically. It is found that the reorganization of H-bonds under the thermo-mechanical field plays a crucial role in the crystallization of PA5,13. Especially, it is revealed that the crystallization process under the thermo-mechanical field develops along the chain axis direction, while lamellar fragmentation occurs perpendicular to the chain axis. Consequently, a stable and well-organized H-bond arrangement and lengthened lamellae with significant orientation have been constructed. Laudably, an impressive tensile strength of about 500 MPa and modulus of about 4.7 GPa are thus achieved. The present study could provide important guidance for the industrial-scale manufacture of high-performance biobased odd-odd PAs with long polymethylene segment in the dicarboxylic unit combined with a large difference between the polymethylene segments in the dicarboxylic and diamine units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qi Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Bo Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Ren
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zeng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Zhuang Jia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Guan
- Cathay Biotech Inc., Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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Multiscale characterisation of strains in semicrystalline polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Star-Branched Polyamides as the Matrix in Thermoplastic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050942. [PMID: 35267765 PMCID: PMC8912622 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is the preparation of star-shaped branched polyamides (sPA6) with low melt viscosity, but also with improved mechanical properties by reactive extrusion. This configuration has been obtained by grafting a tri-functional, three-armed molecule: 5-aminoisophthalic-acid, used as a linking agent (LA). The balance between the fluidity, polarity and mechanical properties of sPA6s is the reason why these materials have been investigated for the impregnation of fabrics in the manufacture of thermoplastic composites. For these impregnation processes, the low viscosity of the melt has allowed the processing parameters (temperature, pressure and time) to be reduced, and its new microstructure has allowed the mechanical properties of virgin thermoplastic resins to be maintained. A significant improvement in the ultrasonic welding processes of the composites was also found when an energy director based on these materials was applied at the interface. In this work, an exhaustive microstructural characterization of the obtained sPAs is presented and related to the final properties of the composites obtained by film stacking.
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Costa DR, Costa MF, Grytten F. Morphological changes of polyamide 11 through the corrected inherent viscosity plateau. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle R. Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marysilvia F. Costa
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Frode Grytten
- Department of Materials and Nanotechnology SINTEF Industry Oslo Norway
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Candau N, Chenal JM, Lame O, Schouwink P, Michaud V, Plummer CJ, Frauenrath H. Enhanced ductility in high performance polyamides due to strain-induced phase transitions. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Chen J, Zhu J, Wu H, Guo S, Qiu J. Constructing highly aligned crystalline structure to enhance sliding wear performance of bulk polyamide 6. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Structuring effect of some salts on glycerol carbonate: A near-infrared spectroscopy, small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pérez-Camargo RA, Liu G, Meabe L, Zhao Y, Sardon H, Wang D, Müller AJ. Solid–Solid Crystal Transitions (δ to α) in Poly(hexamethylene carbonate) and Poly(octamethylene carbonate). Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Pérez-Camargo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leire Meabe
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ying Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKESBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao 48009 Spain
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15
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Wang Y, Zhu P, Qian C, Zhao Y, Wang L, Wang D, Dong X. The Brill Transition in Long-Chain Aliphatic Polyamide 1012: The Role of Hydrogen-Bonding Organization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chengao Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dujin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineer Plastics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Uematsu H, Kawasaki T, Koizumi K, Yamaguchi A, Sugihara S, Yamane M, Kawabe K, Ozaki Y, Tanoue S. Relationship between crystalline structure of polyamide 6 within carbon fibers and their mechanical properties studied using Micro-Raman spectroscopy. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Jiang S, Yan W, Qin J, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Enhanced mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide 6/p (N-(4-F-phenylmaleimide)–alt-styrene) composites based on interfacial complexation inducing crystal transformation. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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An M, Zhang Q, Lin Y, Wang D, Chen W, Meng L, Yin P, Li L. Stretch-Induced Reverse Brill Transition in Polyamide 46. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minfang An
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qianlei Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yuanfei Lin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Daoliang Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lingpu Meng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liangbin Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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