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Bhattacharya DS, Bapat A, Svechkarev D, Mohs AM. Water-Soluble Blue Fluorescent Nonconjugated Polymer Dots from Hyaluronic Acid and Hydrophobic Amino Acids. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17890-17901. [PMID: 34308024 PMCID: PMC8296014 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent polymers have been increasingly investigated to improve their water solubility and biocompatibility to enhance their performance in drug delivery and theranostic applications. However, the environmentally friendly synthesis and dual functionality of such systems remain a challenge due to the complicated synthesis of conventional fluorescent materials. Herein, we generated a novel blue fluorescent polymer dot through chemical conjugation of hydrophobic amino acids to hyaluronic acid (HA) under one-pot green chemistry conditions. These nonconjugated fluorescent polymer dots (NCPDs) are water soluble, nontoxic to cells, have high fluorescence quantum yield, and can be used for in vitro bioimaging. HA-derived NCPDs exhibit excitation wavelength-dependent fluorescent properties. In addition, the NCPDs also show enhanced doxorubicin loading and delivery in naive and drug-resistant breast cancer cells in 2D and 3D tumor cellular systems. These results demonstrate the potential for successful synthetic scale-up and applications for HA-derived NCPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep S. Bhattacharya
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Aishwarya Bapat
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Denis Svechkarev
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Aaron M. Mohs
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Fred
and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Liu J, Fu T, Liu C, Wu F, Wang H. Sensitive detection of picric acid in an aqueous solution using fluorescent nonconjugated polymer dots as fluorescent probes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:355503. [PMID: 34034241 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac04d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonconjugated polymer dots (NPDs) were successfully used as fluorescent probes to selectively and sensitively detect picric acid (PA). The NPDs were prepared from polyethylenimine and 1,4-phthalaldehyde under mild conditions and had excitation and emission maxima of 351 and 474 nm, respectively. Fluorescence of the NPDs was efficiently quenched by PA through the inner filter effect because of the overlapping PA absorption band and NPD excitation spectrum. The NPDs allowed PA to be determined with a high degree of sensitivity. The linear range was 0-140μM and the detection limit was 0.5μM. The work involved developing a novel method for synthesizing NPDs and a promising platform for determining PA in environmental media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenfu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
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Fan Y, Yao J, Huang M, Linghu C, Guo J, Li Y. Non-conjugated polymer dots for fluorometric and colorimetric dual-mode detection of quercetin. Food Chem 2021; 359:129962. [PMID: 33945984 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the biochemical and pharmacological activities, the convenient and effective detection of quercetin (Qc) is very important for biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and clinical medicine. A kind of non-conjugated polymer dots (NCPDs) was used as a versatile and sensitive dual-mode optical output for Qc detection, which was synthesized by hyperbranched poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) and l-threonine via environmentallyfriendly way. The dual-mode method proposed in this work had high sensitivity and definiteselectivity for Qc detection. Additionally, it was convenient for the naked eyes to observe the fluorescence brightness and color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Jie Yao
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Mengke Huang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chenxi Linghu
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Zhang H, Liu S. Mixing concentrated sulfuric acid and diethylenetriamine at room temperature: A rapid and facile approach to synthesize fluorescent carbon polymer hollow spheres as peroxidase mimics. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 582:405-411. [PMID: 32866807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon polymer nanomaterials driven by their important various applications are promising, however, their scalable usages are still hindered by the lack of facile and effective synthesis approaches. Herein, a rapid and facile approach is demonstrated for the preparation of fluorescent carbon polymer hollow spheres (CPHSs), which were synthesized by directly mixing concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and diethylenetriamine (DETA) at room temperature. Notably, both the solid powders and aqueous dispersion of CPHSs possess the fluorescence properties, similar with the reported carbon polymer dots. The formation of CPHSs could be attributed to the polymerization of DETA in the presence of H2SO4. The present strategy is universal and fluorescent nanomaterials could also be obtained by using hexamethylenetetramine or polyethylenepolayamine as precursors with the aid of concentrated H2SO4. Most importantly, the CPHSs possess peroxidase-like activity and can catalyze oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to its one-electron oxidation product, providing a new method for colorimetric detection of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
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Kagkoura A, Canton-Vitoria R, Vallan L, Hernandez-Ferrer J, Benito AM, Maser WK, Arenal R, Tagmatarchis N. Bottom-Up Synthesized MoS 2 Interfacing Polymer Carbon Nanodots with Electrocatalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution. Chemistry 2020; 26:6635-6642. [PMID: 32104936 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of an MoS2 -polymer carbon nanodot (MoS2 -PCND) hybrid material was accomplished by employing an easy and fast bottom-up synthetic approach. Specifically, MoS2 -PCND was realized by the thermal decomposition of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate and the in situ complexation of Mo with carboxylic acid units present on the surface of PCNDs. The newly prepared hybrid material was comprehensively characterized by spectroscopy, thermal means, and electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of MoS2 -PCND was examined in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and compared with that of the corresponding hybrid material prepared by a top-down approach, namely MoS2 -PCND(exf-fun), in which MoS2 was firstly exfoliated and then covalently functionalized with PCNDs. The MoS2 -PCND hybrid material showed superior electrocatalytic activity toward the HER with low Tafel slope, excellent electrocatalytic stability, and an onset potential of -0.16 V versus RHE. The superior catalytic performance of MoS2 -PCND was rationalized by considering the catalytically active sites of MoS2 , the effective charge/energy-transfer phenomena from PCNDs to MoS2 , and the synergetic effect between MoS2 and PCNDs in the hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kagkoura
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
| | - Lorenzo Vallan
- Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castan 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana M Benito
- Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castan 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Wolfgang K Maser
- Instituto de Carboquimica (ICB-CSIC), C/Miguel Luesma Castan 4, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raul Arenal
- Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain.,Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales de Aragon, CSIC-U. de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.,ARAID Foundation, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635, Greece
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Istif E, Mantione D, Vallan L, Hadziioannou G, Brochon C, Cloutet E, Pavlopoulou E. Thiophene-Based Aldehyde Derivatives for Functionalizable and Adhesive Semiconducting Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8695-8703. [PMID: 31995987 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit for novelty in the field of (bio)electronics demands for new and better-performing (semi)conductive materials. Since the discovery of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), the ubiquitous golden standard, many studies have focused on its applications but only few on its structural modification and/or functionalization. This lack of structural variety strongly limits the versatility of PEDOT, thus hampering the development of novel PEDOT-based materials. In this paper, we present a short and simple strategy for introducing an aldehyde functionality in thiophene-based semiconducting polymers. First, through a two-step synthesis, an EDOT-aldehyde derivative was prepared and polymerized, both chemically and electrochemically. Next, to overcome the inability of thiophene-aldehyde to be polymerized by any means, we synthesized a trimer in which thiophene-aldehyde is enclosed between two EDOT groups. The successful chemical and electrochemical polymerization of this new trimer is presented. The polymer suspensions were characterized by ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectroscopy, while the corresponding films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and four-point-probe conductivity measurements. Afterward, insoluble semiconducting films were formed by using ethylenediamine as a cross-linker, demonstrating in this way the suitability of the aldehyde group for the easy chemical modification of our material. The efficient reactivity conferred by aldehyde groups was also exploited for grafting fluorescent polyamine nanoparticles on the film surface, creating a fluorescent semiconducting polymer film. The films prepared by electropolymerization, as shown by means of a sonication test, exhibit strong surface adhesion on pristine indium tin oxide (ITO). This property paves the way for the application of these polymers as conductive electrodes for interfacing with living organisms. Thanks to the high reactivity of the aldehyde group, the aldehyde-bearing thiophene-based polymers prepared herein are extremely valuable for numerous applications requiring the facile incorporation of a functional group on thiophene, such as the functionalization with labile molecules (thermo-, photo-, and electro-labile, pH sensitive, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Istif
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Lorenzo Vallan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Cyril Brochon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO - UMR 5629), Bordeaux INP , Université de Bordeaux, CNRS , 16 Av. Pey-Berland , Pessac 33607 , France
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