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Carbonell-Blasco MP, Moyano MA, Hernández-Fernández C, Sierra-Molero FJ, Pastor IM, Alonso DA, Arán-Aís F, Orgilés-Calpena E. Polyurethane Adhesives with Chemically Debondable Properties via Diels-Alder Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:21. [PMID: 38201686 PMCID: PMC10780649 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) represent a pioneering advance in polymer science, offering unprecedented versatility in materials design. Unlike conventional adhesives with irreversible bonds, CAN-based polyurethane adhesives have the unique ability to undergo chemical restructuring through reversible bonds. One of the strategies for incorporating these types of reactions in polyurethanes is by functionalisation with Diels-Alder (DA) adducts. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of the DA chemistry, the adhesive undergoes controlled crosslinking and decrosslinking processes, allowing for precise modulation of bond strength. This adaptability is critical in applications requiring reworkability or recyclability, as it allows for easy disassembly and reassembly of bonded components without compromising the integrity of the material. This study focuses on the sustainable synthesis and characterisation of a solvent-based polyurethane adhesive, obtained by functionalising a polyurethane prepolymer with DA diene and dienophiles. The characterisation of the adhesives was carried out using different experimental techniques: nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Brookfield viscosity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and T-peel strength testing of leather/adhesive/rubber joints to determine the adhesive properties, both before and after the application of external stimuli. The conversion of both the DA and retro-Diels-Alder (r-DA) reactions was confirmed by 1H-NMR. The adhesive properties were not altered by the functionalisation of the adhesive prepolymer, showing similar thermal resistance and good rheological and adhesive properties, even exceeding the most demanding technical requirements for upper-to-sole joints in footwear. After the application of an external thermal stimuli, the bonded materials separated without difficulty and without damage, thus facilitating their separation, recovery and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar Carbonell-Blasco
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - María Alejandra Moyano
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Carlota Hernández-Fernández
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Francisco J. Sierra-Molero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Isidro M. Pastor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Diego A. Alonso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; (F.J.S.-M.); (I.M.P.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Francisca Arán-Aís
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
| | - Elena Orgilés-Calpena
- Footwear Technology Centre, Campo Alto Campo, Elda, 03600 Alicante, Spain; (M.A.M.); (C.H.-F.); (F.A.-A.); (E.O.-C.)
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2
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Cywar RM, Ling C, Clarke RW, Kim DH, Kneucker CM, Salvachúa D, Addison B, Hesse SA, Takacs CJ, Xu S, Demirtas MU, Woodworth SP, Rorrer NA, Johnson CW, Tassone CJ, Allen RD, Chen EYX, Beckham GT. Elastomeric vitrimers from designer polyhydroxyalkanoates with recyclability and biodegradability. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1735. [PMID: 37992173 PMCID: PMC10664982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linked elastomers are stretchable materials that typically are not recyclable or biodegradable. Medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHAs) are soft and ductile, making these bio-based polymers good candidates for biodegradable elastomers. Elasticity is commonly imparted by a cross-linked network structure, and covalent adaptable networks have emerged as a solution to prepare recyclable thermosets via triggered rearrangement of dynamic covalent bonds. Here, we develop biodegradable and recyclable elastomers by chemically installing the covalent adaptable network within biologically produced mcl-PHAs. Specifically, an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida was used to produce mcl-PHAs containing pendent terminal alkenes as chemical handles for postfunctionalization. Thiol-ene chemistry was used to incorporate boronic ester (BE) cross-links, resulting in PHA-based vitrimers. mcl-PHAs cross-linked with BE at low density (<6 mole %) affords a soft, elastomeric material that demonstrates thermal reprocessability, biodegradability, and denetworking at end of life. The mechanical properties show potential for applications including adhesives and soft, biodegradable robotics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M. Cywar
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Chen Ling
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Ryan W. Clarke
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Colin M. Kneucker
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Davinia Salvachúa
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Bennett Addison
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hesse
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christopher J. Takacs
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Shu Xu
- Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Suite 1160, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - Sean P. Woodworth
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Rorrer
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher W. Johnson
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Christopher J. Tassone
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Robert D. Allen
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- BOTTLE Consortium, Golden, CO 80401, USA
- Agile BioFoundry, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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3
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de Heer Kloots MHP, Schoustra SK, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Phase separation in supramolecular and covalent adaptable networks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2857-2877. [PMID: 37060135 PMCID: PMC10131172 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation phenomena have been studied widely in the field of polymer science, and were recently also reported for dynamic polymer networks (DPNs). The mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks are of particular interest as the reversible nature of the network can participate in the structuring of the micro- and macroscale domains. In this review, we highlight the underlying mechanisms of phase separation in dynamic polymer networks, distinguishing between supramolecular polymer networks and covalent adaptable networks (CANs). Also, we address the synergistic effects between phase separation and reversible bond exchange. We furthermore discuss the effects of phase separation on the material properties, and how this knowledge can be used to enhance and tune material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn H P de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren K Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maarten M J Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Schoustra SK, de Heer Kloots MHP, Posthuma J, van Doorn D, Dijksman JA, Smulders MMJ. Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Phase Separation in Imine-Based Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022; 55:10341-10355. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sybren K. Schoustra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H. P. de Heer Kloots
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Posthuma
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van Doorn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A. Dijksman
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten M. J. Smulders
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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5
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Han S, Hu Z, Zhang W, Hu J, Yang L. Flexible segments regulating the gelation behaviours of aliphatic polycarbonate gels with excellent shape memory and self-healing properties. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Bakkali-Hassani C, Berne D, Ladmiral V, Caillol S. Transcarbamoylation in Polyurethanes: Underestimated Exchange Reactions? Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitri Berne
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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7
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Liu W, Hang G, Mei H, Li L, Zheng S. Nanocomposites of Polyhydroxyurethane with POSS Microdomains: Synthesis via Non-Isocyanate Approach, Morphologies and Reprocessing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1331. [PMID: 35406205 PMCID: PMC9002781 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a novel trifunctional POSS cyclic carbonate [POSS-3(5CC)]. With a difunctional five-member cyclic carbonate and a trifunctional polyetheramine as the precursor, the nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) with POSS were synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanocomposites of PHUs with POSS were microphase-separated; the spherical POSS microdomains via POSS-POSS interactions were generated with the size of 20~40 nm in diameter. After the introduction of POSS microdomains, the nanocomposites displayed improved thermal and mechanical properties. More importantly, the nanocomposites still displayed the reprocessing properties of vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.L.); (G.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Sixun Zheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (W.L.); (G.H.); (H.M.)
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8
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Internal catalysis on the opposite side of the fence in non-isocyanate polyurethane covalent adaptable networks. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Liu W, Yang S, Huang L, Xu J, Zhao N. Dynamic covalent polymers enabled by reversible isocyanate chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12399-12417. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04747k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reversible isocyanate chemistry containing urethane, thiourethane, and urea bonds is valuable for designing dynamic covalent polymers to achieve promising applications in recycling, self-healing, shape morphing, 3D printing, and composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shijia Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Ishibashi JSA, Pierce IC, Chang AB, Zografos A, El-Zaatari BM, Fang Y, Weigand SJ, Bates FS, Kalow JA. Mechanical and Structural Consequences of Associative Dynamic Cross-Linking in Acrylic Diblock Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S. A. Ishibashi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ian C. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Alice B. Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aristotelis Zografos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bassil M. El-Zaatari
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Steven J. Weigand
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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11
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Li L, Chen X, Jin K, Rusayyis MB, Torkelson JM. Arresting Elevated-Temperature Creep and Achieving Full Cross-Link Density Recovery in Reprocessable Polymer Networks and Network Composites via Nitroxide-Mediated Dynamic Chemistry. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kailong Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed Bin Rusayyis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John M. Torkelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Li L, Ge W, Zhao B, Adeel M, Mei H, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane thermosets from novolac epoxide: Synthesis and its nanostructured blends with poly(trifluoroethylacrylate)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Jones BH, Staiger C, Powers J, Herman JA, Román-Kustas J. Selectively Depolymerizable Polyurethanes from Unsaturated Polyols Cleavable by Olefin Metathesis. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000571. [PMID: 33300207 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This communication describes a novel series of linear and crosslinked polyurethanes (PUs) and their selective depolymerization under mild conditions. Two unique polyols are synthesized bearing unsaturated units in a configuration designed to favor ring-closing metathesis (RCM) to five- and six-membered cycloalkenes. These polyols are co-polymerized with toluene diisocyanate to generate linear PUs and trifunctional hexamethylene- and diphenylmethane-based isocyanates to generate crosslinked PUs. The polyol design is such that the RCM reaction cleaves the backbone of the polymer chain. Upon exposure to dilute solutions of Grubbs' catalyst under ambient conditions, the PUs are rapidly depolymerized to low molecular weight, soluble products bearing vinyl and cycloalkene functionalities. These functionalities enable further re-polymerization by traditional strategies for polymerization of double bonds. It is anticipated that this general approach can be expanded to develop a range of chemically recyclable condensation polymers that are readily depolymerized by orthogonal metathesis chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Jones
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Chad Staiger
- Department of Photovoltaics and Materials Technology, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jackson Powers
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jeremy A Herman
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
| | - Jessica Román-Kustas
- Department of Materials Reliability, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA
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14
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Bin Rusayyis M, Torkelson JM. Recyclable Polymethacrylate Networks Containing Dynamic Dialkylamino Disulfide Linkages and Exhibiting Full Property Recovery. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Herbert KM, Getty PT, Dolinski ND, Hertzog JE, de Jong D, Lettow JH, Romulus J, Onorato JW, Foster EM, Rowan SJ. Dynamic reaction-induced phase separation in tunable, adaptive covalent networks. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5028-5036. [PMID: 34122959 PMCID: PMC8159224 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc00605j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of catalyst-free, room temperature dynamic bonds derived from a reversible thia-Michael reaction are utilized to access mechanically robust dynamic covalent network films. The equilibrium of the thiol addition to benzalcyanoacetate-based Michael-acceptors can be directly tuned by controlling the electron-donating/withdrawing nature of the Michael-acceptor. By modulating the composition of different Michael-acceptors in a dynamic covalent network, a wide range of mechanical properties and thermal responses can be realized. Additionally, the reported systems phase-separate in a process, coined dynamic reaction-induced phase separation (DRIPS), that yields reconfigurable phase morphologies and reprogrammable shape-memory behaviour as highlighted by the heat-induced folding of a predetermined structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Herbert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Patrick T Getty
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Neil D Dolinski
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Jerald E Hertzog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Derek de Jong
- The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools 1362 E. 59th St. Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - James H Lettow
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
| | - Joy Romulus
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Elizabeth M Foster
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Stuart J Rowan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 USA
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory 9700 S. Cass Ave., Lemont IL 60434 USA
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16
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Guerre M, Taplan C, Winne JM, Du Prez FE. Vitrimers: directing chemical reactivity to control material properties. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4855-4870. [PMID: 34122941 PMCID: PMC8159211 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01069c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of more sustainable materials with a prolonged useful lifetime is a key requirement for a transition towards a more circular economy. However, polymer materials that are long-lasting and highly durable also tend to have a limited application potential for re-use. This is because such materials derive their durable properties from a high degree of chemical connectivity, resulting in rigid meshes or networks of polymer chains with a high intrinsic resistance to deformation. Once such polymers are fully synthesised, thermal (re)processing becomes hard (or impossible) to achieve without damaging the degree of chemical connectivity, and most recycling options quickly lead to a drop or even loss of material properties. In this context, both academic and industrial researchers have taken a keen interest in materials design that combines high degrees of chemical connectivity with an improved thermal (re)processability, mediated through a dynamic exchange reaction of covalent bonds. In particular vitrimer materials offer a promising concept because they completely maintain their degree of chemical connectivity at all times, yet can show a clear thermally driven plasticity and liquid behavior, enabled through rapid bond rearrangement reactions within the network. In the past decade, many suitable dynamic covalent chemistries were developed to create vitrimer materials, and are now applicable to a wide range of polymer matrices. The material properties of vitrimers, however, do not solely rely on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix, but also on the chemical reactivity of the dynamic bonds. Thus, chemical reactivity considerations become an integral part of material design, which has to take into account for example catalytic and cross-reactivity effects. This mini-review will aim to provide an overview of recent efforts aimed at understanding and controlling dynamic cross-linking reactions within vitrimers, and how directing this chemical reactivity can be used as a handle to steer material properties. Hence, it is shown how a focus on a fundamental chemical understanding can pave the way towards new sustainable materials and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Guerre
- Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR5623, Université Paul Sabatier 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 France
| | - Christian Taplan
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Center of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis) 9000 Ghent Belgium
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17
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Podgórski M, Mavila S, Huang S, Spurgin N, Sinha J, Bowman CN. Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Department of Polymer ChemistryMaria Curie-Sklodowska University pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Nathan Spurgin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
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18
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Podgórski M, Mavila S, Huang S, Spurgin N, Sinha J, Bowman CN. Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9345-9349. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Podgórski
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
- Department of Polymer ChemistryMaria Curie-Sklodowska University pl. Marii Curie-Sklodowskiej 5 20-031 Lublin Poland
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Sijia Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Nathan Spurgin
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
| | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Colorado UCB 596 Boulder 80309 CO USA
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19
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Debnath S, Kaushal S, Mandal S, Ojha U. Solvent processable and recyclable covalent adaptable organogels based on dynamic trans-esterification chemistry: separation of toluene from azeotropic mixtures. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01807g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
New covalent adaptable networks (CANs) possessing processability and recyclability to monomers are desirable as an alternative to traditional plastics to address plastic waste-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Debnath
- Department of Chemistry
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- Amethi
- India
| | - Swaraj Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- Amethi
- India
| | - Subhankar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- Amethi
- India
| | - Umaprasana Ojha
- Department of Chemistry
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology
- Amethi
- India
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20
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Lessard JJ, Scheutz GM, Sung SH, Lantz KA, Epps TH, Sumerlin BS. Block Copolymer Vitrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:283-289. [PMID: 31794219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we merge block copolymers with vitrimers in an effort to realize the prospect of higher-order, nanoscale control over associative cross-link exchange and flow. We show the use of controlled polymerization as a vital tool to understand fundamental structure-property effects through the precise control of polymer architecture and molecular weight. Vitrimers derived from self-assembling block copolymers exhibit superior resistance to macroscopic deformation in comparison to their analogs generated from statistical copolymers. Our results suggest that the enhanced creep resistance achieved by control over chain topology in block vitrimers can be used to tune viscoelastic properties. The resistance to macroscopic deformation that arises from a microphase-separated structure in this new class of materials differentiates block vitrimers from their statistical counterparts and introduces the potential of topology-control over viscoelastic flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Lessard
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center of Macromolecular Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Georg M Scheutz
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center of Macromolecular Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Seung Hyun Sung
- Center for Research in Soft matter & Polymers, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Kayla A Lantz
- Center for Research in Soft matter & Polymers, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Thomas H Epps
- Center for Research in Soft matter & Polymers, Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center of Macromolecular Science, Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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21
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Li L, Chen X, Torkelson JM. Reprocessable Polymer Networks via Thiourethane Dynamic Chemistry: Recovery of Cross-link Density after Recycling and Proof-of-Principle Solvolysis Leading to Monomer Recovery. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Ma Y, Shen Y, Liu Z, Shi Z, Yin J, Tian M, Qu R. Exploring multiple functions of diarylsemipinacol linked to the saturated ethylene–propylene elastomer: from the dynamic covalent networks to tailoring its macroscopic performance. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01354g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through the multiple functions of diarylsemipinacol, we prepared a mechanically robust and healable EPM with shape memory properties, by integrating self-associating ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) into the dynamic covalent networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yufei Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zixing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite Materials and Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ming Tian
- State Key Lab of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Rongjun Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- China
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