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Fang F, Niu D, Xu P, Liu T, Yang W, Wang Z, Li X, Ma P. A Quantitative Study on Branching Density Dependent Behavior of Polylactide Melt Strength. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200858. [PMID: 36661258 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Polymer melt strength (MS) is strongly correlated with its molecular structure, while their relationship is not very clear yet. In this work, designable long-chain branched polylactide (LCB-PLA) is prepared in situ by using a tailor-made (methyl methacrylate)-co-(glycidyl methacrylate) copolymer (MG) with accurate number of reactive sites. A new concept of branching density (φ) in the LCB-PLA system is defined to quantitively study their relationship. Importantly, a critical point of φc = 5.5 mol/104 mol C is revealed for the first time, below which the zero-shear viscosity (η0 ) corresponding to MS increases slowly with a slope of Δη0 /Δφ = 1400, while it increases sharply above this critical point due to entanglement of neighboring LCB-PLA chains. Consequently, the MS of PLA increased by >100 times by optimizing the LCB structures while maintaining processibility. Therefore, this work provides a deeper understanding and feasible route in quantitative design of polymers with high(er) melt strength for some specialty applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengna Fang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Deyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Pengwu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Weijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Piming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
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Liu YB, Peng LM, Bao RY, Yang MB, Yang W. Vitrimeric Polylactide by Two-step Alcoholysis and Transesterification during Reactive Processing for Enhanced Melt Strength. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45966-45977. [PMID: 36166428 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of its rather low melt strength, polylactide (PLA) has yet to fulfill its promise as advanced biobased and biodegradable foams to replace fossil-based polymer foams. In this work, PLA vitrimers were prepared by two-step reactive processing from commercial PLA thermoplastics, glycerol, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) using Zn(II)-catalyzed addition and transesterification chemistry. The transesterification reaction of PLA and glycerol occurs with zinc acetate as the catalyst, and chain scission will take place due to the alcoholysis of the PLA chains by the free hydroxyl groups from the glycerol. Long-chain PLA with hydroxyl groups can be obtained and then cross-linked with MDI. Rheological analysis shows that the formed cross-linked network can significantly improve melt strength and promote strain hardening under extensional flow. PLA vitrimers still maintain the ability of thermoplastic processing via extrusion and compression. The enhanced melt strength and the rearrangement of network topology facilitate the foaming processing. An expansion ratio as large as 49.2-fold and microcellular foam with a uniform cell morphology can be obtained for PLA vitrimers with a gel fraction of 51.8% through a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming technique. This work provides a new way with the scale-up possibility to enhance the melt strength of PLA, and the broadened range of PLA applicability brought by PLA vitrimers is truly valuable in terms of the realization of a sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui-Ying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
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3
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Huang W, Luo Q, Zhu Y, Liu X, Xiang H. Modified rod‐shaped calcium carbonate with thiols improving
UV
‐curing
3D
printing resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Guangxi Huana New Materials Co., Ltd. Nanning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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4
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Li C, Gong W, Deng Z, Yao Z, Meng X, Xin Z. Fully Biodegradable Long-Chain Branched Polylactic Acid with High Crystallization Performance and Heat Resistance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiguang Gong
- Research and Development Center for Sports Materials, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhaopeng Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongyang Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Xin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, Department of Product Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Zhao X, Li J, Liu J, Zhou W, Peng S. Recent progress of preparation of branched poly(lactic acid) and its application in the modification of polylactic acid materials. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:874-892. [PMID: 34728305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with branched structure has abundant terminal groups, high melt strength, good rheological properties, and excellent processability; it is a new research and application direction of PLA materials. This study mainly summarizes the molecular structure design, preparation methods, basic properties of branched PLA, and its application in modified PLA materials. The structure and properties of branched PLA prepared by ring-opening polymerization of monomer, functional group polycondensation, and chain extender in the processing process were introduced. The research progress of in situ formation of branched PLA by initiators, multifunctional monomers/additives through dynamic vulcanization, and irradiation induction was described. The effect of branched PLA on the structure and properties of linear PLA materials was analyzed. The role of branched PLA in improving the crystallization behavior, phase morphology, foaming properties, and mechanical properties of linear PLA materials was discussed. At the same time, its research progress in biomedicine and tissue engineering was analyzed. Branched PLA has excellent compatibility with PLA, which has important research value in regulating the structure and properties of PLA materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipo Zhao
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
| | - Juncheng Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Jinchao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Weiyi Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Shaoxian Peng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China.
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Li P, Zhu X, Kong M, Lv Y, Huang Y, Yang Q, Li G. Fully biodegradable polylactide foams with ultrahigh expansion ratio and heat resistance for green packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:222-234. [PMID: 33930441 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long chain branching (LCB) structures are efficiently introduced into polylactide (PLA) by employing sustainable soybean oil (SO) under the initiation of trace amount of cyclic peroxide, which displays robust foamability and heat resistance. It is discovered that with the introduction of 0.6 wt% SO, the expansion ratio and Vicat softening temperature of LCB PLA are sharply raised to 75.2-fold and 155.8 °C, respectively, which is about 17.9 and 2.6 times those of linear PLA. This is because that the amounts of LCB structures are significantly increased in LCB PLA by the addition of SO with low reactivity of internal CC bonds, which can avoid the oligomerization reaction, resulting in more dramatically improved melting strength and crystallization performance of LCB PLA. Moreover, the hydrolytic degradation of LCB PLA is largely expedited as compared to linear PLA, owing to the more rapid water permeation caused by the loose packing of LCB structures. Finally, the PLA foam tray with light weight and good heat resistance is successfully developed by using LCB PLA with 0.6 wt% SO through extrusion foaming with supercritical carbon oxide and thermoforming techniques. Hence, this research offers a green route to produce eco-friendly light-weight and high-heat-resistance LCB-PLA foam with full biodegradability, which is an ideal alternative to the non-degradable oil-based plastics in the field of disposable packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Miqiu Kong
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China.
| | - Yadong Lv
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Yajiang Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China
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