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Yilmaz D, Du Fraysseix M, Lewandowski S, Perraud S, Ibarboure E, Llevot A, Carlotti S. Self-Healing Transparent Poly(dimethyl)siloxane with Tunable Mechanical Properties: Toward Enhanced Aging Materials for Space Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38613485 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
When exposed to the geostationary orbit, polymeric materials tend to degrade on their surface due to the appearance of cracks. Implementing the self-healing concept in polymers going to space is a new approach to enhancing the lifespan of materials that cannot be replaced once launched. In this study, the elaboration of autonomous self-healing transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) materials resistant to proton particles is presented. The PDMS materials are functionalized with various compositions of urea and imine moieties, forming dynamic covalent and/or supramolecular networks. The hydrogen bonds induced by the urea ensure the formation of a supramolecular network, while the dynamic covalent imine bonds are capable of undergoing exchange reactions. Materials with a broad range of mechanical properties were obtained depending on the composition and structure of the PDMS networks. As coating applications in a spatial environment were mainly targeted, the surface properties of the polymer are essential. Thus, percentages of scratch recovery were determined by AFM. From these data, self-healing kinetics were extracted and rationalized based on the polymer structures. The obtained data were in good agreement with the relaxation times determined by rheology in stress relaxation experiments. Moreover, the accelerated aging of materials under proton irradiation, simulating a major part of the geostationary environment, revealed a strong limitation or disappearance of cracks while keeping the transparency of the PDMS. These promising results open routes to prepare new flexible autonomous polymeric materials for space applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijwar Yilmaz
- ONERA/DPHY, Université de Toulouse, F31055 Toulouse, France
- CNES─French Aerospace Agency, 18 avenue Edouard Belin,F-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | - Mickaël Du Fraysseix
- ONERA/DPHY, Université de Toulouse, F31055 Toulouse, France
- CNES─French Aerospace Agency, 18 avenue Edouard Belin,F-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | | | - Sophie Perraud
- CNES─French Aerospace Agency, 18 avenue Edouard Belin,F-31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Emmanuel Ibarboure
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | - Audrey Llevot
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | - Stéphane Carlotti
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, University of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
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Menasce S, Libanori R, Coulter FB, Studart AR. 3D-Printed Architectured Silicones with Autonomic Self-Healing and Creep-Resistant Behavior. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306494. [PMID: 38176686 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing silicones that are able to restore functionalities and extend the lifetime of soft devices hold great potential in many applications. However, currently available silicones need to be triggered to self-heal or suffer from creep-induced irreversible deformation during use. Here, a platform is proposed to design and print silicone objects that are programmed at the molecular and architecture levels to achieve self-healing at room temperature while simultaneously resisting creep. At the molecular scale, dioxaborolanes moieties are incorporated into silicones to synthesize self-healing vitrimers, whereas conventional covalent bonds are exploited to make creep-resistant elastomers. When combined into architectured printed parts at a coarser length scale, the layered materials exhibit fast healing at room temperature without compromising the elastic recovery obtained from covalent polymer networks. A patient-specific vascular phantom and fluidic chambers are printed to demonstrate the potential of architectured silicones in creating damage-resilient functional devices using molecularly designed elastomer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menasce
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Libanori
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Fergal Brian Coulter
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - André R Studart
- Complex Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
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Irzhak VI, Uflyand IE, Dzhardimalieva GI. Self-Healing of Polymers and Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245404. [PMID: 36559772 PMCID: PMC9784839 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is devoted to the description of methods for the self-healing of polymers, polymer composites, and coatings. The self-healing of damages that occur during the operation of the corresponding structures makes it possible to extend the service life of the latter, and in this case, the problem of saving non-renewable resources is simultaneously solved. Two strategies are considered: (a) creating reversible crosslinks in the thermoplastic and (b) introducing a healing agent into cracks. Bond exchange reactions in network polymers (a) proceed as a dissociative process, in which crosslinks are split into their constituent reactive fragments with subsequent regeneration, or as an associative process, the limiting stage of which is the interaction of the reactive end group and the crosslink. The latter process is implemented in vitrimers. Strategy (b) is associated with the use of containers (hollow glass fibers, capsules, microvessels) that burst under the action of a crack. Particular attention is paid to self-healing processes in metallopolymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim I. Irzhak
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Moscow Aviation Institute, National Research University, 125993 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Li F, Nguyen GTM, Vancaeyzeele C, Vidal F, Plesse C. Photopolymerizable Ionogel with Healable Properties Based on Dioxaborolane Vitrimer Chemistry. Gels 2022; 8:gels8060381. [PMID: 35735725 PMCID: PMC9222776 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionogels are solid polymer gel networks loaded with ionic liquid (IL) percolating throughout each other, giving rise to ionically conducting solid electrolytes. They combine the mechanical properties of polymer networks with the ionic conductivity, non-volatility, and non-flammability of ILs. In the frame of their applications in electrochemical-based flexible electronics, ionogels are usually subjected to repeated deformation, making them susceptible to damage. It appears critical to devise a simple and effective strategy to improve their durability and lifespan by imparting them with healing ability through vitrimer chemistry. In this work, we report the original in situ synthesis of polythioether (PTE)-based vitrimer ionogels using fast photopolymerization through thiol-acrylate Michael addition. PTE-based vitrimer was prepared with a constant amount of the trithiol crosslinker and varied proportions of static dithiol spacers and dynamic chain extender BDB containing dynamic exchangeable boronic ester groups. The dynamic ionogels were prepared using 50 wt% of either 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide or 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, both of which were selected for their high ionic conductivity. They are completely amorphous (Tg below -30 °C), suggesting they can be used at low temperatures. They are stretchable with an elongation at break around 60%, soft with Young's modulus between 0.4 and 0.6 MPa, and they have high ionic conductivities for solid state electrolytes in the order of 10-4 S·cm-1 at room temperature. They display dynamic properties typical of the vitrimer network, such as stress relaxation and healing, retained despite the large quantity of IL. The design concept illustrated in this work further enlarges the library of vitrimer ionogels and could potentially open a new path for the development of more sustainable, flexible electrochemical-based electronics with extended service life through repair or reprocessing.
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Li J, Ning Z, Yang W, Yang B, Zeng Y. Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane with Self-Healing and Reprocessing Capabilities. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10156-10166. [PMID: 35382304 PMCID: PMC8973043 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based polyurethane (PU) networks play indispensable roles in a variety of applications; however, they cannot be reprocessed, resulting in environmental problems and unsustainable industrial development. In this work, recyclable HTPB-based PU vitrimer (HTPB-PUV) networks are fabricated by introduction of a cross-linker 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane] (BDB) with dynamic boronic ester bonds into the network. Meanwhile, the BDB can stabilize the HTPB unit in the network by elimination of double bonds. The novel HTPB-PUV networks are constructed by a thiol-ene "click" reaction and an addition reaction between HTPB and cross-linker BDB and isocyanates (HDI). The dynamic HTPB-PUV networks are characterized by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The obtained dynamic HTPB-PUV networks possess superior thermostability. Moreover, due to the presence of dynamic boronic ester bonds, the HTPB-PUV network topologies can be altered, contributing to the reprocessing, self-healing, and welding abilities of the final polymer. Through a hot press, the pulverized sample can be reprocessed for several cycles, and mechanical properties of the reprocessed samples are similar to those of the pristine one, with the tensile strength being even higher. The self-healed sample exhibits almost complete recovery from scratch after the healing treatment at 130 °C for 3 h. Moreover, a welding efficiency of 120% was achieved.
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Boronic Acid Esters and Anhydrates as Dynamic Cross-Links in Vitrimers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14040842. [PMID: 35215755 PMCID: PMC8962972 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing environmental awareness imposes on polymer scientists the development of novel materials that show a longer lifetime and that can be easily recycled. These challenges were largely met by vitrimers, a new class of polymers that merges properties of thermoplastics and thermosets. This is achieved by the incorporation of dynamic covalent bonds into the polymer structure, which provides high stability at the service temperature, but enables the processing at elevated temperatures. Numerous types of dynamic covalent bonds have been utilized for the synthesis of vitrimers. Amongst them, boronic acid-based linkages, namely boronic acid esters and boroxines, are distinguished by their quick exchange kinetics and the possibility of easy application in various polymer systems, from commercial thermoplastics to low molecular weight thermosetting resins. This review covers the development of dynamic cross-links. This review is aimed at providing the state of the art in the utilization of boronic species for the synthesis of covalent adaptable networks. We mainly focus on the synthetic aspects of boronic linkages-based vitrimers construction. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are provided.
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Santefort AL, Yuya PA, Shipp DA. Dynamic covalent exchange induced cyclization in poly(methacrylic anhydride). Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anhydride dynamic covalent exchange crosslinked poly(methacrylic anhydride) allows recycling at elevated temperatures and pressures and also produces cyclic anhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle L. Santefort
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5665, USA
| | - Philip A. Yuya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5725, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5665, USA
| | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department of Chemistry & Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5665, USA
- Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5665, USA
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