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Brotons-Rufes A, Bahri-Laleh N, Poater A. H-Bonding leading to latent initiators for olefin metathesis polymerization. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:252-268. [PMID: 37186245 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00163b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-NHC based catalysts, with a chelated iminium ligand trans to the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, that polymerize dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) at different temperatures are monitored using Density Functional Theory calculations to unveil the reaction mechanism, and subsequently how important are the geometrical and electronic features vs. the non-covalent interactions in between. The balance is very fragile and H-bonds are fundamental to explain the different behaviour of latent catalysts. This computational study aims to facilitate future studies of new generations of latent initiators for olefin metathesis polymerization, with the 3D and mainly the 2D Non-Covalent Interaction plots the characterization tool for H-bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Brotons-Rufes
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Naeimeh Bahri-Laleh
- Polymerization Engineering Department, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), P.O. Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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2
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Jia XW, Mu WL, Shao ZB, Xu YJ. Flame-Retardant Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Systems with High Dielectric Performance for Electronic Packaging Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032301. [PMID: 36768624 PMCID: PMC9916824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant cycloaliphatic epoxy systems have long been studied; however, the research suffers from slow and unsatisfactory advances. In this work, we synthesized a kind of phosphorus-containing difunctional cycloaliphatic epoxide (called BCEP). Then, triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC) was mixed with BCEP to achieve epoxy systems that are rich in phosphorus and nitrogen elements, which were cured with 4-methylhexahydrobenzene anhydride (MeHHPA) to obtain a series of flame-retardant epoxy resins. Curing behaviors, flame retardancy, thermal behaviors, dielectric performance, and the chemical degradation behaviors of the cured epoxy system were investigated. BCEP-TGIC systems showed a high curing activity, and they can be efficiently cured, in which the incorporation of TGIC decreased the curing activity of the resin. As the ratio of BCEP and TGIC was 1:3, the cured resin (BCEP1-TGIC3) showed a relatively good flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index value of 25.2%. In the cone calorimeter test, they presented a longer time to ignition and a lower heat release than the commercially available cycloaliphatic epoxy resins (ERL-4221). BCEP-TGIC systems presented good thermal stability, as the addition of TGIC delayed the thermal weight loss of the resin. BCEP1-TGIC3 had high dielectric performance and outperformed ERL-4221 over a frequency range of 1 HZ to 1 MHz. BCEP1-TGIC3 could achieve degradation under mild conditions in an alkali methanol/water solution. Benefiting from the advances, BCEP-TGIC systems have potential applications as electronic packaging materials in electrical and electronic fields.
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Wu X, Xu CA, Lu M, Zheng X, Zhan Y, Chen B, Wang K, Meng H. Preparation and characterization of a low viscosity epoxy resin derived from m-divinylbenzene. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221097380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To explore thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy material, difunctional aromatic epoxy--divinylbenzene dioxide (DVBDO) had been synthesized by epoxidizing divinylbenzene, using the metal acetylacetone compound grafted Fe3O4 particles as the catalyst. The catalyet had high conversion and epoxy selectivity and could be recyclable. Then the polymerization of DVBDO with different diamine curing agents were reported. The structure and viscosity of DVBDO were firstly characterized. Because it had low molecular weight and viscosity, DVBDO had excellent liquidity and formability. Subsequently to clarify the properties of epoxy thermosets, experiments to determine thermal and mechanical performances were carried out, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile test. It could be observed that the thermoset polymers using DVBDO as epoxy matrix had excellent thermal (Tg was about 201°C) and mechanical properties (tensile strength was 131.99Mpa). Possibly considering that this kind of thermoset polymers had higher rigidity and crosslink density. In conclusion, a new type of one-component liquid epoxy encapsulant material with low viscosity, good filling fluidity, strong heat resistance and excellent storage performance had been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Chang-an Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
| | - Xiaole Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Yingjie Zhan
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Bifang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Kunxin Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
| | - Huifa Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, China
- Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials, China
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4
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Sivanesan D, Seo B, Lim C, Song J, Kim H. Synthesis of isoeugenol biobased epoxy polymer by forming
α‐hydroxyl
ester and degradation studies. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmalingam Sivanesan
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan South Korea
| | - Bongkuk Seo
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan South Korea
| | - Choong‐Sun Lim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Song
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan South Korea
| | - Hyeon‐Gook Kim
- Advanced Industrial Chemistry Research Center, Advanced Convergent Chemistry Division Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan South Korea
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5
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Wang Y, Cai M, Chen T, Pan F, Wu F, You Z, Li J. Oxide of porous graphitized carbon as recoverable functional adsorbent that removes toxic metals from water. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:983-993. [PMID: 34487945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The numerous oxygenated functional groups on graphite oxide (GO) make it a promising adsorbent for toxic heavy metals in water. However, the GO prepared from natural graphite is water-soluble after exfoliation, making its recovery for reuse extremely difficult. In this study, porous graphitized carbon (PGC) was oxidized to fabricate a GO-like material, PGCO. The PGCO showed an O/C molar ratio of 0.63, and 8.4% of the surface carbon species were carboxyl, exhibiting enhanced oxidation degree compared to GO. The small PGCO sheets were intensely aggregated chemically, yielding an insoluble solid easily separable from water by sedimentation or filtration. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the PGCO afforded significantly higher removal efficiencies for heavy metals than GO, owing to the former's greater functionalization with oxygenated groups. An isotherm study suggested that the adsorption obeyed the Langmuir model, and the derived maximum adsorption capacities for Cr3+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ were 119.6, 377.1, 99.1, 65.2, 53.0, and 58.1 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the spent PGCO was successively regenerated by acid treatment. The results of the study indicate that PGCO could be an alternative adsorbent for remediating toxic metal-contaminated waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Minjuan Cai
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhixiong You
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Conejo-Dávila AS, Moya-Quevedo MA, Chávez-Flores D, Vega-Rios A, Zaragoza-Contreras EA. Role of the Anilinium Ion on the Selective Polymerization of Anilinium 2-Acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142349. [PMID: 34301106 PMCID: PMC8309539 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (Ani-AMPS) monomer, confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR, is systematically studied. Ani-AMPS contains two polymerizable functional groups, so it was submitted to selective polymerization either by free-radical or oxidative polymerization. Therefore, poly(anilinium 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic) [Poly(Ani-AMPS)] and polyaniline doped with 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [PAni-AMPS] can be obtained. First, the acrylamide polymer, poly(Ani-AMPS), favored the π-stacking of the anilinium group produced by the inter- and intra-molecular interactions and was studied utilizing 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR. Furthermore, poly(Ani-AMPS) fluorescence shows quenching in the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the emission spectrum at 347 nm. In contrast, the typical behavior of polyaniline is observed in the cyclic voltammetry analysis for PAni-AMPS. The optical properties also show a significant change at pH 4.4. The PAni-AMPS structure was corroborated through FTIR, while the thermal properties and morphology were analyzed utilizing TGA, DSC (except PAni-AMPS), and FESEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Salvador Conejo-Dávila
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
| | - Marco Armando Moya-Quevedo
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Vega-Rios
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.-R.); (E.A.Z.-C.)
| | - Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
- Department of Engineering and Materials Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C., Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, Mexico; (A.S.C.-D.); (M.A.M.-Q.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.-R.); (E.A.Z.-C.)
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