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Tamjid E, Najafi P, Khalili MA, Shokouhnejad N, Karimi M, Sepahdoost N. Review of sustainable, eco-friendly, and conductive polymer nanocomposites for electronic and thermal applications: current status and future prospects. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:29. [PMID: 38372876 PMCID: PMC10876511 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites (BPNCs) are advanced materials that have gained significant attention over the past 20 years due to their advantages over conventional polymers. BPNCs are eco-friendly, cost-effective, contamination-resistant, and tailorable for specific applications. Nevertheless, their usage is limited due to their unsatisfactory physical and mechanical properties. To improve these properties, nanofillers are incorporated into natural polymer matrices, to enhance mechanical durability, biodegradability, electrical conductivity, dielectric, and thermal properties. Despite the significant advances in the development of BPNCs over the last decades, our understanding of their dielectric, thermal, and electrical conductivity is still far from complete. This review paper aims to provide comprehensive insights into the fundamental principles behind these properties, the main synthesis, and characterization methods, and their functionality and performance. Moreover, the role of nanofillers in strength, permeability, thermal stability, biodegradability, heat transport, and electrical conductivity is discussed. Additionally, the paper explores the applications, challenges, and opportunities of BPNCs for electronic devices, thermal management, and food packaging. Finally, this paper highlights the benefits of BPNCs as biodegradable and biodecomposable functional materials to replace traditional plastics. Finally, the contemporary industrial advances based on an overview of the main stakeholders and recently commercialized products are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Tamjid
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Najafi
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohammad Amin Khalili
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shokouhnejad
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Karimi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafise Sepahdoost
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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Chiu FC, Behera K, Cai HJ, Chang YH. Polycarbonate/Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Blend-Based Nanocomposites-Effect of Adding Different Carbon Nanofillers/Organoclay. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162626. [PMID: 34451164 PMCID: PMC8398232 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) individually or doubly served as reinforcing fillers in polycarbonate (PC)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-blend (designated CF)-based nanocomposites. Additionally, organo-montmorillonite (15A) was incorporated simultaneously with the individual carbon fillers to form hybrid filler nanocomposites. Microscopic images confirmed the selective localization of carbon fillers, mainly in the continuous PC phase, while 15A located in the PVDF domains. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that blending PVDF with PC or forming single/double carbon filler composites resulted in lower PVDF crystallization temperature during cooling. However, PVDF crystallization was promoted by the inclusion of 15A, and the growth of β-form crystals was induced. The rigidity of the CF blend increased after the formation of nanocomposites. Among the three individually added carbon fillers, GnPs improved the CF moduli the most; the simultaneous loading of CNT/GnP resulted in the highest moduli by up to 33%/46% increases in tensile/flexural moduli, respectively, compared with those of the CF blend. Rheological viscosity results showed that adding CNTs increased the complex viscosity of the blend to a greater extent than did adding CB or GnPs, and the viscosity further increased after adding 15A. The electrical resistivity of the blend decreased with the inclusion of carbon fillers, particularly with CNT loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chyou Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (H.-J.C.)
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
| | - Kartik Behera
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - He-Jie Cai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (K.B.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-C.C.); (Y.-H.C.)
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Shi Z, Zhang C, Chen XG, Li A, Zhang YF. Thermal, Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Carbon Fiber Fabric and Graphene Reinforced Segmented Polyurethane Composites. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051289. [PMID: 34068341 PMCID: PMC8153302 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thermal conductive materials with reliable and high performances such as thermal interface materials are crucial for rapid heat transferring in thermal management. In this work, carbon fiber fabric and graphene reinforced segmented polyurethane composites (CFF-G/SPU) were proposed and prepared to obtain superior thermal, mechanical and electrical properties using the hot-pressing method. The composites exhibit excellent tensile strength and can withstand a tensile force of at least 350 N without breaking. The results show that, comparing with the SPU material, the thermal conductivity is increased by 28% for the CFF-G/SPU composite, while the in-plane electrical conductivity is increased by 8 orders of magnitude to 175 S·m-1. The application of CFF-G/SPU composite as a winding thermal interface material with electric-driven self-heating effect presents good performances of fluidity and interface wettability. The composite has great advantages in phase transition and filling the interfacial gap in the short time of few seconds under the condition of electrical field, with the interface temperature difference between two layers significantly reduced.
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