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Coutinho Pereira CF, Borges BGAL, Sousa KRA, Holakoei S, Roman LS, Araujo CM, Cremona M, Koehler M, Marchiori CFN, Rocco MLM. Inducing molecular orientation in solution-processed thin films of fluorene-bithiophene-based copolymer: thermal annealing vs. solvent additive. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9051-9061. [PMID: 38500615 PMCID: PMC10945741 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A deep understanding of the factors influencing the morphology of thin films based on conjugated polymers is essential to boost their performance in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we investigated the electronic structure and morphology of thin films of the copolymer poly(9,9-dioctyl-fluorenyl-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) in its pristine form as well as samples processed with the solvent additive 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) or post-processed through thermal annealing treatment. Measurements were carried out using angle-resolved S K-edge NEXAFS (near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure) in total electron yield (TEY) and fluorescence yield (FY) detection modes. Two main transitions were observed at the S 1s NEXAFS spectra: S 1s → π* and S 1s → σ* (S-C). The observed dichroism pointed to a face-on orientation of the conjugated backbone, which was significantly increased for F8T2 films processed with DIO. Resonant Auger decay spectra were obtained and analyzed using the core-hole clock (CHC) method. An enhancement in the charge transfer process was observed for thermally annealed films, especially for samples processed with DIO, corresponding to an increase in film ordering. Furthermore, the investigated films were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attesting to the presence of the thiophene unit in the samples and demonstrating that some of its sulfur atoms were positively polarized in the F8T2 films. All these experimental findings were compared with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of film evaporation with and without DIO. The use of MD, together with mathematical modeling, was able to explain the major effects found in the experiments, including the polarization of sulfur atoms. The simultaneous use of powerful spectroscopic techniques and theoretical methods shed light on key aspects linking film morphology with fabrication procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno G A L Borges
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Karlison R A Sousa
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Centro Politécnico, CP 19081 81531-900 Curitiba PR Brazil
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM 69058-030 Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Soheila Holakoei
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Lucimara S Roman
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Centro Politécnico, CP 19081 81531-900 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - C Moyses Araujo
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University 65188 Karlstad Sweden
- Materials Theory Division, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Marco Cremona
- Departamento de Física, PUC-Rio 22453-900 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - Marlus Koehler
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Centro Politécnico, CP 19081 81531-900 Curitiba PR Brazil
| | - Cleber F N Marchiori
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University 65188 Karlstad Sweden
| | - Maria Luiza M Rocco
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Jiang C, Ge R, Bian C, Chen L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Xu G, Cai G, Xiao X. Multicolored inorganic electrochromic materials: status, challenge, and prospects. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15450-15471. [PMID: 37721398 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Against the backdrop of advocacy for green and low-carbon development, electrochromism has attracted academic and industrial attention as an intelligent and energy-saving applied technology due to its optical switching behavior and its special principles of operation. Inorganic electrochromic materials, represented by transition metal oxides, are considered candidates for the next generation of large-scale electrochromic applied technologies due to their excellent stability. However, the limited color diversity and low color purity of these materials greatly restrict their development. Starting from the multicolor properties of inorganic electrochromic materials, this review systematically elaborates on recent progress in the aspects of the intrinsic multicolor of electrochromic materials, and structural multicolor based on the interaction between light and microstructure. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of inorganic electrochromic technology in the field of multicolor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Jiang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Rui Ge
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Lirong Chen
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Xiudi Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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3
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Yakimanskiy AA, Kaskevich KI, Zhukova EV, Berezin IA, Litvinova LS, Chulkova TG, Lypenko DA, Dmitriev AV, Pozin SI, Nekrasova NV, Tomilin FN, Ivanova DA, Yakimansky AV. Synthesis, Photo- and Electroluminescence of New Polyfluorene Copolymers Containing Dicyanostilbene and 9,10-Dicyanophenanthrene in the Main Chain. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5592. [PMID: 37629884 PMCID: PMC10456789 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation, we synthesized new light-emitting fluorene copolymers containing the dicyano derivatives of stilbene and phenanthrene and characterized them by gel permeation chromatography, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and cyclic voltammetry. The photoluminescence spectra of the synthesized polymers show significant energy transfer from the fluorene segments to the dicyanostilbene and 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene units, which is in agreement with the data of theoretical calculations. OLEDs based on these polymers were fabricated with an ITO/PEDOT-PSS (35 nm)/p-TPD (30 nm)/PVK (5 nm)/light emitting layer (70-75 nm)/PF-PO (20 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (80 nm) configuration. Examination of their electroluminescence revealed that copolymers of fluorene with dicyanostilbene show yellow-green luminescence, while polymers with 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene have a greenish-blue emission. The 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene units have a more rigid structure compared to dicyanostilbene and, in OLEDs based on them, an increase in maximum brightness is observed with an increase in the content of the additive to the polymer chain. In particular, the device using fluorene copolymer with 9,10-dicyanophenanthrene (2.5 mol%) exhibited a maximum brightness of 9230 cd/m2 and a maximum current efficiency of 3.33 cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A. Yakimanskiy
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Ksenia I. Kaskevich
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Elena V. Zhukova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Ivan A. Berezin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Larisa S. Litvinova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Tatiana G. Chulkova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
| | - Dmitriy A. Lypenko
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskiy Prospect 31, bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.); (S.I.P.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Artem V. Dmitriev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskiy Prospect 31, bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.); (S.I.P.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Sergey I. Pozin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskiy Prospect 31, bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.); (S.I.P.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Natalia V. Nekrasova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry RAS, Leninskiy Prospect 31, bld.4, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.A.L.); (A.V.D.); (S.I.P.); (N.V.N.)
| | - Felix N. Tomilin
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia;
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Daria A. Ivanova
- School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Material Science, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk 660041, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Yakimansky
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, Bolshoi Prospect of Vasilyevsky Island 31, St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; (A.A.Y.); (K.I.K.); (E.V.Z.); (I.A.B.); (L.S.L.); (T.G.C.)
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Zhuang B, Zhang Q, Zhou K, Wang H. Preparation of a TiO 2/PEDOT nanorod film with enhanced electrochromic properties. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18229-18237. [PMID: 37333797 PMCID: PMC10274301 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The designed growth of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanorod arrays has been achieved by the combination of hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods. Due to the use of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanorod arrays as the template of the nanocomposites (TiO2/PEDOT), the surface area of the active materials is enlarged and the diffusion distance of the ions is shortened. The nanorod structure also contributes to increasing the length of PEDOT conjugated chains and facilitates the transfer of electrons in the conjugated chains. Consequently, the TiO2/PEDOT film delivers a shorter response time (∼0.5 s), higher transmittance contrast (∼55.5%) and long-cycle stability compared to the pure PEDOT film. In addition, the TiO2/PEDOT electrode is further developed to be a smart bi-functional electrochromic device exhibiting energy storage performance. We expect that this work may lead to new designs for powerful intelligent electrochromic energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biying Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China
| | - Kailing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China
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Kotowicz S, Tavgeniene D, Beresneviciute R, Zaleckas E, Krucaite G, Katarzyna Pająk A, Korzec M, Grzegorz Małecki J, Lipiński M, Grigalevicius S, Schab-Balcerzak E. Effect of substituent structure in fluorene based compounds: Experimental and theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122832. [PMID: 37290242 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene-based low molar weight derivatives were synthesized in Suzuki reactions by using key starting materials 9-benzylidene-2,7-dibromofluorene or 3-(2,7-dibromofluoren-9-ylmethylen)-9-ethylcarbazole and various aryl boronic acids. Photophysical properties of the compounds were investigated in different solutions as well as in solid state. The thermal investigations showed that the obtained compounds are highly thermally stable with temperatures of 5% mass loss (T5%) in the range of 311-432 °C. Some of the compounds also exhibited very high glass transition temperatures exceeding 125 °C. The presented molecules were electrochemically active and showed the energy band gap below 2.97 eV. The investigations were supported by DFT calculations and the photovoltaic ability of the presented compounds was tested in the organic-inorganic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Kotowicz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daiva Tavgeniene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenuplentas 19, LT50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raminta Beresneviciute
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenuplentas 19, LT50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Zaleckas
- Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy, Department of Agricultural Engineering and Safety, Studentu str. 11, LT-53361 Akademija, Kaunas Distr., Lithuania
| | - Gintare Krucaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenuplentas 19, LT50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Pająk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie- Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mateusz Korzec
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Lipiński
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 22 Krakowska, 43-340 Kozy, Poland
| | - Saulius Grigalevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenuplentas 19, LT50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Str., 40-006 Katowice, Poland; Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie- Sklodowska Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland.
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Wei YM, Ma XD, Wang MF, Duan XF. Fe-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Aryl Titanates Enabled by Fe/Ti Synergism. Org Lett 2023; 25:2745-2749. [PMID: 37036175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Fe-catalyzed difunctionalization of aryl titanates via double C-H activation has been developed, where aryl titanates were arylated via ortho C-H activation, followed by ipso electrophilic trapping of the C-Ti bond. The ortho C-H arylation should be promoted by a 1,2-Fe/Ti synergistic heterobimetallic arylene intermediate and represents an ortho C-H ferration directed by a readily transformable C-Ti group. Common benzamides, esters, and nitriles function as arylating reagents, which involves another ortho C-H activation directed by these functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Wei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Di Ma
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Fang Duan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Soomro AN, Shaikh H, Malik MI, Buledi JA, Qazi S, Solangi A. Fluorene intercalated graphene oxide based CoQ10 imprinted polymer composite as a selective platform for electrochemical sensing of CoQ10. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31639-31649. [PMID: 36380953 PMCID: PMC9634718 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The new objective of sustainable analytical chemistry is to develop validated robust, swift, simple and highly sensitive analytical methods that are based on cost effective sensing technology. Therefore, in this study the electro-chemical detection of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was achieved using a fluorene intercalated graphene oxide based CoQ10 imprinted polymer composite modified glassy carbon electrode (CoQ10-IGOPC/GCE). The synthesized sensing material was characterized using SEM, XRD and FT-IR to determine the morphology and functional properties. The CoQ10-IGOPC/GCE was characterized by EIS for its electrochemical properties. CoQ10 was detected selectively using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV). Under ideal circumstances, a linear calibration curve with a correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.991 was produced in the concentration range of 0.0967 to 28.7 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.029 and 0.0967 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed electrochemical sensor was extremely selective, accurate and thoroughly validated with RSD values less than 5%. The developed CoQ10-IGOPC/GCE based electrochemical sensor was successfully used for the detection of CoQ10 in samples of fruits, vegetables, nuts, human blood serum and pharmaceuticals. The CoQ10-IGOPC/GCE based electrochemical method showed good percent recoveries ranging from 94 to 103 percent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Naz Soomro
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro-76080 Sindh Pakistan +92-022-2771560 +92-022-2771379
| | - Huma Shaikh
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro-76080 Sindh Pakistan +92-022-2771560 +92-022-2771379
| | - Muhammad Imran Malik
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Jamil A Buledi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro-76080 Sindh Pakistan +92-022-2771560 +92-022-2771379
| | - Sehrish Qazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro-76080 Sindh Pakistan +92-022-2771560 +92-022-2771379
| | - Amber Solangi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro-76080 Sindh Pakistan +92-022-2771560 +92-022-2771379
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