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Noh YH, Jung KI. The Relationship between Myopia and Obesity in Adults. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 38:137-146. [PMID: 38449306 PMCID: PMC11016688 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2023.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between myopia and obesity through direct measurements of fat content. METHODS A cross-sectional study used a stratified, multistage survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2010). Subjects 19 years or older (n = 10,305) were included. Participants were divided into three groups according to refractive status: myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ -1.0 diopter [D]), emmetropia (-1.0 D < SE ≤ 1.0 D), and hyperopia (SE > 1.0 D). Obesity was investigated with assessment of fat mass and body mass index or waist circumference. Fat mass was measured with whole-body dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat percentage was calculated as (total fat mass / body weight × 100). RESULTS Higher obesity index was found in individuals with myopic eyes after adjustment for age, sex, education level, income status, physical activity, residence, and serum vitamin D level. The significant difference in total body fat percentages among myopia, emmetropia, and hyperopia was significant in the young age group (19-39 years, p < 0.05) but not in the middle age group (40-64 years) and the old age group (≥65 years). Individuals with a higher percentage of total body fat had greater odds ratios for myopia (fourth quartile of body fat; odds ratio, 1.352; 95% confidence interval, 1.178-1.551). CONCLUSIONS An association was found between adiposity and myopia in relatively young adults using direct measurements of fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung In Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Residents of Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Chronic Dis 2021; 2021:9919443. [PMID: 34692822 PMCID: PMC8528588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem. There are a few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Baoji city of western China, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic features of overweight and obesity and explored influencing factors among Baoji adult residents. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 36,600 participants aged above 15 years, was carried out in Baoji city in 2018. Each participant's weight and height were measured, and demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 30.73% and 3.11%, respectively. Male had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (31.45% vs. 29.98%, P < 0.05) while female had a higher prevalence of obesity (3.50 vs. 2.74, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, being married or living with a partner (OR = 1.266, P < 0.001), unemployed or retired (OR = 1.183, P < 0.001), former smokers (OR = 1.116, P < 0.05), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.410, P < 0.001), sleeping more than 10 hours (OR = 1.274, P < 0.001), and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, whereas people who lived in rural areas (R = 0.904, P < 0.001) or had a sufficient leisure time physical activity per week (R = 0.945, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower prevalence. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that demographic and behavioral factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity, which can support the implementation of interventions aimed at weight control and consequently prevention of related diseases in this population.
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Yous F, Zaabar S, Aoun O, Adjeroud-Abdellatif N, Madani K. Comparative mapping approach of energy intake and expenditure of obesity prevalence among school adolescents. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:397-407. [PMID: 34024547 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in an obesogenic environment among adolescents in the wilaya of Bejaia (eastern Algeria), and to assess their Physical Activity Level (PAL), Daily Energy Expenditure (DEE) and Total Energy Intake (TEI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 3038 adolescents consisting of 1635 girls and 1403 boys in middle and high schools in 19 regions of Bejaia. The average age was 14.78 ± 2.53. Two questionnaires were assigned to collect data on their nutritional habits (24-h dietary call) and physical activity levels. BMI measurement was adopted in this study to determine the weight status of this sample and to assess the distribution of BMI, PAL, DEE, TEI over geographical areas of an administrative territory using the Student test descriptive statistical method (p < 0.05). RESULTS The prevalence of obesity and overweight was equal to 3.3%, the physical activity level in adolescents was 1.72 ± 0.21, with boys more likely to participate in sports than girls (16.5% for boys and 6% for girls). However, energy intake (3775.44 ± 719.07 kcal/day), energy expenditure (3144.13 ± 850.54 kcal) and body mass index (30.51 ± 2.99 kg/m2) were high. Body mass index (BMI) is negatively correlated with PAL (r = -0.05) and positively correlated with TEI (r = 0.31) and DEE (r = 0.30), these results show that DEE and TEI factors play an important role in the prevalence of BMI with excessive consumption of high carbohydrate (614.55 g) and fat (98.9 g) foods, which is due to poor diet and are related to insufficient level of physical activity. The mapping shows that there is a disparity between the studied parameters: high BMI, low PAL and consumption of unhealthy foods (DEE, TEI). CONCLUSION The lack of physical activity and the imbalance between energy intake and expenditure are the main factors that could lead to an increased risk of obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Yous
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie.
| | - Salim Zaabar
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Omar Aoun
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie; Département de Microbiologie et de Biochimie, Faculté des Sciences, University of M'sila, 28000, M'sila, Algérie
| | - Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques, Biophysique, Biochimie et Scientométrie (L3BS), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agro-alimentaires. Route de Targua Ouzemmour, 06000, Bejaia, Algérie
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Li S, Xue J, Hong P. Relationships between serum omentin-1 concentration, body composition and physical activity levels in older women. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25020. [PMID: 33725883 PMCID: PMC7969279 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between omentin-1, body composition and physical activity (PA) levels in older women.Eighty-one older women (age = 64 ± 6years; body mass index = 24.2 ± 3.2 kg/m2; body fat percentage = 36.1 ± 5.7%) participated in this study. We divided the subjects into overweight/obesity and normal weight group. Body composition was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum omentin-1 concentration was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PA levels were obtained by using accelerometers. In addition, anthropometric and insulin resistance values were determined.Omentin-1 level in overweight/obesity group was significantly lower than in the normal weight group (P < .01). Analysis of all subjects showed that serum omentin-1 was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference (WC), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), percentage of body fat, total body fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) (r = -.571, -0.569, -0.546, -0.382, -0.394, -0.484, -0.524, all P < .01), respectively. We also found a negative correlation between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total body FM (r = -.233, P < .05). However, no significant correlation was found between omentin-1 and sedentary behavior and MVPA (both P > .05). Moreover, the relationship between omentin-1, body composition and PA was analyzed by using multiple linear stepwise regressions. The results showed that serum omentin-1 concentration was inversely correlated with total body FM (β = -0.334, P = .004) in multiple linear stepwise regression analysis.We found that total body FM was inversely related to serum omentin-1 concentration and PA levels, but there was no correlation between omentin-1 and PA levels. These results showed that PA may participate in the regulation of body composition, which may be also affected by serum omentin-1. However, the mechanism by which PA affects body composition may not be through omentin-1 and was more likely through other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai
| | | | - Ping Hong
- School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai
- Winter Sports Administrative Center, General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing, China
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Liao S, Wu N, Gong D, Tang X, Yin T, Zhang H, Li X. Association of aldehydes exposure with obesity in adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110785. [PMID: 32505049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants may play a role in the aetiology of obesity beyond conventional factors. The associations between environmental exposure to aldehydes and obesity remain unclear. The objective of this study is to determine whether aldehyde exposure is associated with obesity in adults. We analysed data from 1977 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014 aged ≥ 18 years. Obesity was assessed through body mass index (BMI) measurements. Generalized linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were analysed to assess the association between aldehydes and outcomes. After multivariable adjustment, isopentanaldehyde was inversely associated with obesity, while no significant association was observed between any other aldehydes and obesity. Compared with the lowest quartile, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of obesity with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest quartile was 0.50 (0.35, 0.70) for isopentanaldehyde. Analyses using a restricted cubic spline indicated that the association between isopentanaldehyde and obesity is nonlinear. Threshold effect analysis demonstrated that the inflection point of isopentanaldehyde was 1.26 ng/ml. Each 1-fold increase in isopentanaldehyde exhibited an 18% decrease in the odds of obesity (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.79-1.09) on the left side of the inflection point and an 81% decrease (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.45) on the right side of the inflection point. Similar associations were also observed among isopentanaldehyde and abdominal obesity, BMI, and waist circumference. These cross-sectional results show a nonlinear and inverse association between isopentanaldehyde and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengen Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ningtao Wu
- Department of General Practice, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Dexing Gong
- Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaosu Tang
- Center for Environmental Protection, Anyuan, 342100, China
| | - Ting Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China
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Impact of a 12-Week Randomized Exercise Training Program on Lipid Profile in Severely Obese Patients Following Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2020; 30:3030-3036. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Relationship Between Physical Activity and Clinical Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction. J Sport Rehabil 2018; 28:180-187. [PMID: 29140161 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2017-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Reductions in objectively measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been reported among individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Self-reported measures of physical activity are commonly used to assess participation in physical activity after ACLR despite the lack of evidence to support the validity of such measures within this population. OBJECTIVE The objective of this research was to determine the relationships between objectively measured MVPA, self-reported physical activity, and knee function among individuals with ACLR. SETTING University laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Thirty-one participants with a history of ACLR (sex: 23 females and 8 males; age = 19.8 [1.4] y) and 31 matched controls (sex: 23 females and 8 males; age = 20.6 [1.7] y) enrolled in this study. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants completed self-reported physical activity using the Tegner Activity Scale and the Marx Activity Rating Scale. Participant MVPA was objectively measured using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for a 7-day period during which the monitor was worn for not less than 10 hours per day. Primary outcome measures were the amount of time spent in MVPA (minutes per week) and time spent in MVPA performed in bouts of ≥10 minutes (minutes per week). Relationships between the Tegner Activity Score, Marx Activity Rating Scale, and objectively measured MVPA variables were assessed using partial Spearman's rank correlation coefficients after controlling for activity monitor wear time. RESULTS There were no significant relationships between objectively measured MVPA and self-reported physical activity (ρ ≤ 0.31, P ≥ .05) or self-reported knee-related function (ρ ≤ .41, P ≥ .05) among ACLR participants. CONCLUSIONS Objectively measured physical activity is not significantly related to self-reported physical activity or self-reported knee function among individuals with a history of ACLR. Consideration of objective and self-reported physical activity within this population may provide key insights into disconnects between perception and the reality of physical activity engagement following ACLR.
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Risk Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Japanese-Brazilians. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:5756726. [PMID: 29854441 PMCID: PMC5964606 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5756726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To estimate which risk factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions) are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out with Japanese-Brazilians living in the southern region of Brazil. Data were collected between March and December of 2016 through a household survey addressing sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and health conditions. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results A total of 542 Japanese-Brazilians with a mean age of 47.75 years were evaluated; 52.8% were eutrophic, 36.9% were overweight, and 10.3% were people with obesity. The following variables remained associated with overweight after adjustments; male gender (ORaj = 1.85, CI = 1.24-2.76), age range of 40-49 years (ORaj = 2.27, CI = 1.10-4.68), and 50 to 59 years (ORaj = 2.17, CI = 1.004-4.72), alcohol consumption (ORaj = 2.11, CI = 1.07-4.16), and presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 1.59, CI = 1.02-2.46). The following were independent factors associated with obesity: male gender (ORaj = 3.63, CI = 1.78-7.40), the presence of chronic disease (ORaj = 4.13, CI = 1.96-8.71), the age range of 30 to 39 years (ORaj = 4.74, CI = 1.65-13.64) and 40 to 49 years (ORaj = 2.89, CI = 1.05-7.95), and irregularly active lifestyle (ORaj = 2.73, CI = 1.12-6.69). Conclusion The results of this study show that being a male in the age range of 30-49 years old, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic disease are associated with overweight and obesity in Japanese-Brazilians.
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del Pozo-Cruz B, Gant N, del Pozo-Cruz J, Maddison R. Relationships between sleep duration, physical activity and body mass index in young New Zealanders: An isotemporal substitution analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184472. [PMID: 28898295 PMCID: PMC5595318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence regarding the unique effect of sedentary behaviour on obesity among children is unclear. Moreover, the effect of substituting sedentary behaviour with physical activity of different intensities on the body composition of children has received limited empirical study. OBJECTIVE To examine the mathematical effects on Body Mass Index (BMI) of substituting sedentary behaviours with physical activities of different intensities on children and youth aged 5-14 years old in New Zealand. METHODS Secondary analysis of accelerometer data from the National Survey of Children and Young People's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand (2008/09) was conducted. A total of 1812 children and youth aged 5-24 years provided accelerometer-derived data on daily sedentary time (SB), light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Sleep time was assessed with a validated computerised use-of-time tool. BMI was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the independent associations of SB, Sleep time, LPA, and MVPA on BMI. The isotemporal substitution approach was used to ascertain the mathematical effect of substituting each of the other behaviours on BMI. Analyses were stratified by age groups. RESULTS SB showed a unique (inverse) association with BMI across all age groups (p<0.05) but 20-24 years (p>0.05). Similarly, MVPA was positively associated (p<0.001) across all age groups. Among age groups 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-19 years, the estimated impact of replacing 60 min/day of SB with the same amount of MVPA time resulted in decreased BMI for all age groups (p<0.001), ranging from -1.26 (5-9 years) to -1.43 units (15-19 years). Similar results were achieved when SB was replaced with LPA or sleeping time for children (5-19 years). In young people (age group 20-24), the impact of replacing 30 min/day of SB with MVPA resulted in an estimated -1 BMI units decrease (p<0.001). CONCLUSION MVPA and SB have a unique effect on BMI. Further, substituting SB with LPA or MVPA was associated with a favourable effect on BMI across all age groups; with MVPA having the strongest association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jesús del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville (Seville, Spain), Pirotecnia s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Ralph Maddison
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Deakin University (Geelong, Australia), Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Paravidino VB, Mediano MFF, Sichieri R. Does a single bout of exercise influence subsequent physical activity and sedentary time in overweight boys? Physiol Behav 2017; 173:231-235. [PMID: 28223036 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of a single bout of exercise on subsequent physical activity and sedentary time among overweight boys. METHODS A crossover study on 24 overweight boys (11-13years old) was conducted with three different experimental sessions: control, one bout of moderate exercise, and one bout of vigorous exercise. Physical activity was measured using triaxial accelerometers and time spent in light, moderate, vigorous, and sedentary activities was assessed during six days of follow-up. Differences in daily percentage of time spent in sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous activities among experimental sessions were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models. RESULTS Time spent in sedentary behavior was greater after moderate and vigorous sessions compared to the control, with statistically significant differences in trajectories between moderate (p=0.04) and vigorous sessions (p=0.006) compared to controls. Similarly, the time spent in moderate physical activity was smaller after moderate (p=0.02) and vigorous sessions (p=0.02) compared to the control. No differences in sedentary (p=0.50) and moderate (p=0.97) activities were observed between moderate and vigorous sessions. The percentage of time spent in vigorous physical activity showed a greater reduction in vigorous condition compared to moderate and control (p<0.01) conditions, while time spent in light physical activities was not different between sessions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a compensatory effect after a single bout of exercise due to decreases in moderate and vigorous physical activity and increases in sedentary time during the following six days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Barreto Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7 andar/blocos D e E, e 6 andar/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-013, Brazil; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy - Brazilian Navy, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Almirante Silvio de Noronha, s/n, Castelo, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20021-010, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Rosely Sichieri
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7 andar/blocos D e E, e 6 andar/bloco E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20550-013, Brazil
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Associations between behavioural risk factors and overweight and obesity among adults in population-based samples from 31 countries. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 11:158-166. [PMID: 27614950 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern about overweight and obesity is growing worldwide, and more research to examine behaviours associated with the risk for increased weight in adult populations is needed. The aim of this study was to estimate associations between behavioural risk factors and overweight and obesity among adults in nationally representative population samples from 20 countries in Europe, 8 countries in Asia, Australia, Chile and USA. METHODS This secondary analysis is based on the International Social Survey Program (ISSP), 2011-2013, Health and Health Care Module. In a cross-sectional population-based survey (N=48,741) (mean age 46.6 years, SD=17.4, age range 15-102 years) simple or multi-stage stratified random sampling was used, yielding representative samples of the adult population of respective countries. Body Mass Index was assessed by self-reported height and weight. Correlates were risk behaviours for chronic disease (smoking status, alcohol intake, consumption of fruits and vegetable (=FV), and physical activity). RESULTS Overall, for all 31 countries the prevalence of overweight or obesity was 44.1%, 31.7% overweight and 12.4% obese. In adjusted logistic regression models, among men and among women ex-smoking was positively associated with both overweight and obesity, while light or moderate smoking overall and among men were inversely related with obesity. Moderate alcohol use was positively associated with both overweight and obesity, while heavy alcohol use was negatively associated with overweight. The daily consumption of FV was found to be protective from both overweight and obesity, overall and for men but not for women. Physical activity was positively associated with overweight but not obesity. CONCLUSIONS Some risk behaviours for chronic disease appear to be associated with overweight and obesity among adults. Interventions targeting these risk behaviours may have the potential to reduce weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
| | - Karl Peltzer
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop Campus, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB (HAST), Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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Rial SA, Karelis AD, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health: The Potential Beneficial Effects of a Medium Chain Triglyceride Diet in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050281. [PMID: 27187452 PMCID: PMC4882694 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are in constant increase around the world. While most obese patients show several metabolic and biometric abnormalities and comorbidities, a subgroup of patients representing 3% to 57% of obese adults, depending on the diagnosis criteria, remains metabolically healthy. Among many other factors, the gut microbiota is now identified as a determining factor in the pathogenesis of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals and in obesity-related diseases such as endotoxemia, intestinal and systemic inflammation, as well as insulin resistance. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that an optimal healthy-like gut microbiota structure may contribute to the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. Here, we describe how dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT), previously found to promote lipid catabolism, energy expenditure and weight loss, can ameliorate metabolic health via their capacity to improve both intestinal ecosystem and permeability. MCT-enriched diets could therefore be used to manage metabolic diseases through modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Ahmed Rial
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Mounier
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
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