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Di X, Wang Q, Zhang F, Feng H, Wang X, Cai C. Advances in the Modulation of Potato Tuber Dormancy and Sprouting. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5078. [PMID: 38791120 PMCID: PMC11121589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The post-harvest phase of potato tuber dormancy and sprouting are essential in determining the economic value. The intricate transition from dormancy to active growth is influenced by multiple factors, including environmental factors, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Well-established environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light play pivotal roles in these processes. However, recent research has expanded our understanding to encompass other novel influences such as magnetic fields, cold plasma treatment, and UV-C irradiation. Hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinins (CK), auxin, and ethylene (ETH) act as crucial messengers, while brassinosteroids (BRs) have emerged as key modulators of potato tuber sprouting. In addition, jasmonates (JAs), strigolactones (SLs), and salicylic acid (SA) also regulate potato dormancy and sprouting. This review article delves into the intricate study of potato dormancy and sprouting, emphasizing the impact of environmental conditions, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal regulation. It explores how various environmental factors affect dormancy and sprouting processes. Additionally, it highlights the role of carbohydrates in potato tuber sprouting and the intricate hormonal interplay, particularly the role of BRs. This review underscores the complexity of these interactions and their importance in optimizing potato dormancy and sprouting for agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueni Di
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haojie Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiyao Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Naqash S, Jan T, Naik H, Hussain S, Dar B, Makroo H. Influence of controlled curing process on physico-chemical, nutritional, and bio-active composition of brown Spanish onion. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Venâncio JB, Dias NDS, de Medeiros JF, de Morais PLD, do Nascimento CWA, de Sousa Neto ON, de Andrade LM, Pereira KTO, Peixoto TDC, Rocha JLA, Ferreira Neto M, Sá FVDS. Effect of Salinity and Silicon Doses on Onion Post-Harvest Quality and Shelf Life. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2788. [PMID: 36297810 PMCID: PMC9607372 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress during pre-harvest limits the shelf life and post-harvest quality of produce; however, silicon nutrition can mitigate salt stress in plants. Thus, we evaluated the effects of salinity and fertilization with Si, in pre-harvest, on the morpho-physiological characteristics of onion bulbs during shelf life. The experiment was set up in randomized complete blocks, with treatments arranged in split-split plots. The plots had four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.65, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.1 dS m-1). The subplots had five fertilization levels with Si (0, 41.6, 83.2, 124.8, and 166.4 kg ha-1). The sub-sub plots had four shelf times (0, 20, 40, and 60 days after harvest). Irrigation water salinity and shelf time reduced firmness and increased the mass loss of onion bulbs during shelf life. Salt stress reduced the contents of sugars and total soluble solids of onion bulbs during storage; however, Si supply improved the contents of these variables. Salinity, Si supply, and shelf time increased the concentrations of pyruvic and ascorbic acids in onion bulbs during shelf life. Si doses between 121.8 and 127.0 kg ha-1 attenuated the impacts caused by moderate salinity, increasing the synthesis of metabolites and prolonging the onion bulbs' shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nildo da Silva Dias
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciara Maria de Andrade
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ferreira Neto
- Center for Agrarian Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59625-900, Brazil
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WRKY Gene Family Drives Dormancy Release in Onion Bulbs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071100. [PMID: 35406664 PMCID: PMC8997782 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an important bulb crop grown worldwide. Dormancy in bulbous plants is an important physiological state mainly regulated by a complex gene network that determines a stop of vegetative growth during unfavorable seasons. Limited knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy in onion were available until now. Here, a comparison between uninfected and onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV)-infected onion bulbs highlighted an altered dormancy in the virus-infected plants, causing several symptoms, such as leaf striping, growth reduction, early bulb sprouting and rooting, as well as a lower abscisic acid (ABA) level at the start of dormancy. Furthermore, by comparing three dormancy stages, almost five thousand four hundred (5390) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in uninfected bulbs, while the number of DEGs was significantly reduced (1322) in OYDV-infected bulbs. Genes involved in cell wall modification, proteolysis, and hormone signaling, such as ABA, gibberellins (GAs), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and brassinosteroids (BRs), that have already been reported as key dormancy-related pathways, were the most enriched ones in the healthy plants. Interestingly, several transcription factors (TFs) were up-regulated in the uninfected bulbs, among them three genes belonging to the WRKY family, for the first time characterized in onion, were identified during dormancy release. The involvement of specific WRKY genes in breaking dormancy in onion was confirmed by GO enrichment and network analysis, highlighting a correlation between AcWRKY32 and genes driving plant development, cell wall modification, and division via gibberellin and auxin homeostasis, two key processes in dormancy release. Overall, we present, for the first time, a detailed molecular analysis of the dormancy process, a description of the WRKY-TF family in onion, providing a better understanding of the role played by AcWRKY32 in the bulb dormancy release. The TF co-expressed genes may represent targets for controlling the early sprouting in onion, laying the foundations for novel breeding programs to improve shelf life and reduce postharvest.
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Márquez-López RE, Loyola-Vargas VM, Santiago-García PA. Interaction between fructan metabolism and plant growth regulators. PLANTA 2022; 255:49. [PMID: 35084581 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of fructan to plant growth regulators is clearly more complicated than it looks and is likely related to differences between fructan molecules in size and structure as well as localization. Fructans are a complex group of carbohydrates composed mainly of fructose units linked to a sucrose molecule. Fructans are present in plants as heterogeneous mixtures with diverse molecular structures and mass, different polymerization degrees, and linkage types between fructosyl residues. Like sucrose, they are frequently stored in leaves and other organs, acting as carbohydrate reserves. Fructans are synthesized in the cell vacuole by fructosyltransferase enzymes and catabolized by fructan exohydrolase enzymes. Several publications have shown that fructan metabolism varies with the stage of plant development and in response to the environment. Recent studies have shown a correlation between plant growth regulators (PGR), fructan metabolism, and tolerance to drought and cold. PGR are compounds that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs. They play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to developmental and environmental signals. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date knowledge on the metabolism of fructans and their crosstalk with PGR signaling pathways. We identify areas that require more research to complete our understanding of the role of fructans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Márquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Araceli Santiago-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Sagar NA, Pareek S, Benkeblia N, Xiao J. Onion (
Allium cepa
L.) bioactives: Chemistry, pharmacotherapeutic functions, and industrial applications. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Noureddine Benkeblia
- Department of Life Sciences/The Biotechnology Centre The University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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Marković M, Trifunović Momčilov M, Uzelac B, Jevremović S, Subotić A. Bulb Dormancy In Vitro- Fritillaria meleagris: Initiation, Release and Physiological Parameters. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050902. [PMID: 33946167 PMCID: PMC8145364 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In ornamental geophytes, conventional vegetative propagation is not economically feasible due to very slow development and ineffective methods. It can take several years until a new plant is formed and commercial profitability is achieved. Therefore, micropropagation techniques have been developed to increase the multiplication rate and thus shorten the multiplication and regeneration period. The majority of these techniques rely on the formation of new bulbs and their sprouting. Dormancy is one of the main limiting factors to speed up multiplication in vitro. Bulbous species have a period of bulb dormancy which enables them to survive unfavorable natural conditions. Bulbs grown in vitro also exhibit dormancy, which has to be overcome in order to allow sprouting of bulbs in the next vegetation period. During the period of dormancy, numerous physiological processes occur, many of which have not been elucidated yet. Understanding the process of dormancy will allow us to speed up and improve breeding of geophytes and thereby achieve economic profitability, which is very important for horticulture. This review focuses on recent findings in the area of bulb dormancy initiation and release in fritillaries, with particular emphasis on the effect of plant growth regulators and low-temperature pretreatment on dormancy release in relation to induction of antioxidative enzymes' activity in vitro.
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Tosetti R, Waters A, Chope G, Cools K, Alamar M, McWilliam S, Thompson A, Terry L. New insights into the effects of ethylene on ABA catabolism, sweetening and dormancy in stored potato tubers. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 173:111420. [PMID: 33658745 PMCID: PMC7814342 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous ethylene supplementation suppresses postharvest sprouting, but it can increase reducing sugars, limiting its use as an alternative to chlorpropham for processing potatoes. To elucidate the mechanisms involved, tubers were treated after curing with or without the ethylene binding inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP at 1 μL L-1 for 24 h), and then stored in air or air supplemented with continuous ethylene (10 μL L-1). Across three consecutive seasons, changes in tuber physiology were assessed alongside transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Exogenous ethylene alone consistently induced a respiratory rise and the accumulation of undesirable reducing sugars. The transient respiratory peak was preceded by the strong upregulation of two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), typical of wound and stress induced ethylene production. Profiles of parenchymatic tissue highlighted that ethylene triggered abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, evidenced by a steep fall in ABA levels and a transient rise in the catabolite phaseic acid, accompanied by upregulation of transcripts encoding an ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Moreover, analysis of non-structural carbohydrate-related genes revealed that ethylene strongly downregulated the expression of the Kunitz-type invertase inhibitor, already known to be involved in cold-induced sweetening. All these ethylene-induced effects were negated by 1-MCP with one notable exception: 1-MCP enhanced the sprout suppressing effect of ethylene whilst preventing ethylene-induced sweetening. This study supports the conclusions that: i) tubers adapt to ethylene by regulating conserved pathways (e.g. ABA catabolism); ii) ethylene-induced sweetening acts independently from sprout suppression, and is similar to cold-induced sugar accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Tosetti
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - A. Waters
- PepsiCo Inc., 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - G.A. Chope
- PepsiCo International Limited, Beaumont Park, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - K. Cools
- Postharvest BioScience Consultant, Binfield, Berkshire, RG42 5LG, UK
| | - M.C. Alamar
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S. McWilliam
- PepsiCo International Limited, Beaumont Park, 4 Leycroft Road, Leicester, LE4 1ET, UK
| | - A.J. Thompson
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - L.A. Terry
- Plant Science Laboratory, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
- Corresponding author.
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9
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Alamar MC, Anastasiadi M, Lopez-Cobollo R, Bennett MH, Thompson AJ, Turnbull CG, Mohareb F, Terry LA. Transcriptome and phytohormone changes associated with ethylene-induced onion bulb dormancy. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 168:111267. [PMID: 33012993 PMCID: PMC7398043 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Control of dormancy and sprouting in onion bulbs is commercially important for postharvest management. Although ethylene application is sometimes used to extend dormancy, the underlying mechanisms regulating dormancy transition remain unclear. Since the sprout leaves emerge from the bulb baseplate, we used this tissue to assess the impact of ethylene treatment and storage time on the hormone profile and the transcriptome. Reads from 30 libraries were assembled and annotated, with 94,840 unigenes retained after filtering. The de novo transcriptome assembly was of high quality and continuity (N50: 1809 bp, GC content: 36.21 %), and was used to analyse differential expression and Gene Onotologies. Across two years, applied ethylene resulted in delayed dormancy break and reduced post-dormancy sprout vigour. Ethylene supplementation enhanced endogenous ethylene production and caused a transient climacteric-like increase in respiration. Significant changes in hormone and associated transcript profiles occurred through storage and in response to ethylene. In particular, abscisic acid (ABA) and its metabolite phaseic acid (PA) increased under ethylene during the longer dormancy period; however, cytokinin increases observed during storage appeared largely independent of ethylene treatment. Several hormone-related transcripts showed differential expression over time and/or in response to ethylene. Expression of ethylene biosynthesis (ACO), receptor (EIN4) and transcription factor (EIL3) genes were modified by ethylene, as were ABA biosynthesis genes such NCED, and cytokinin biosynthesis genes such as LOG and CKX. We conclude that ethylene substantially modifies expression of genes in several phytohormone pathways, and some of these changes may underlie the dormancy-extending effects of exogenous ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa Lopez-Cobollo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark H. Bennett
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | - Fady Mohareb
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Leon A. Terry
- Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
- Corresponding author.
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Romo-Pérez ML, Weinert CH, Häußler M, Egert B, Frechen MA, Trierweiler B, Kulling SE, Zörb C. Metabolite profiling of onion landraces and the cold storage effect. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 146:428-437. [PMID: 31810055 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Today, commercial onion breeders focus almost entirely on conventional farming which reduces diversity in the market and leads to loss of desirable traits such as those that impact nutritional and sensory aspects of onions. A way to preserve phenotypic and genetic diversity is to re-evaluate traditional landraces to introduce their benefits to the broader public. Common onion genotypes vary greatly in their storability. In particular, temperature and relative humidity during storage have significant impact on the metabolites in onions after storage. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the metabolite profile of ten onion genotypes after five months of cold storage. In addition, a characterization of onion landraces in their fresh state was also conducted in order to compare their properties against a commercial genotype. Onion genotypes were grown under organic farming conditions. After harvest and curing, bulbs were stored for up to 22 weeks. Before and after storage, bulb samples were analyzed through targeted and untargeted methods. Out of 189 identified metabolites, 128 showed a storage effect. Mainly fructans decreased because of respiration and energy demand, while monosaccharides increased. Further, amino acids were altered in their concentration after storage with an effect on aroma precursors. Eight of the nine landraces had good storability without critical losses. In their fresh state, the onion genotypes clustered into three major groups. For instance, landraces of group III showed consistently and substantially higher levels of amino acids and certain sugars, indicating a high potential of aromatic properties in those onion landraces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Romo-Pérez
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Schloss Westflügel, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C H Weinert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - M Häußler
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Egert
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M A Frechen
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Trierweiler
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S E Kulling
- Max Rubner-Institut, Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Haid-und-Neu-Straße 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Zörb
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products 340e, Schloss Westflügel, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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