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Hidaka M, Kojima M, Sakai S, Delattre C. Characterization of Chitosan Hydrogels Obtained through Phenol and Tripolyphosphate Anionic Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1274. [PMID: 38732743 PMCID: PMC11085344 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a deacetylated polymer of chitin that is extracted mainly from the exoskeleton of crustaceans and is the second-most abundant polymer in nature. Chitosan hydrogels are preferred for a variety of applications in bio-related fields due to their functional properties, such as antimicrobial activity and wound healing effects; however, the existing hydrogelation methods require toxic reagents and exhibit slow gelation times, which limit their application in biological fields. Therefore, a mild and rapid gelation method is necessary. We previously demonstrated that the visible light-induced gelation of chitosan obtained through phenol crosslinking (ChPh) is a rapid gelation method. To further advance this method (<10 s), we propose a dual-crosslinked chitosan hydrogel obtained by crosslinking phenol groups and crosslinking sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and the amino groups of chitosan. The chitosan hydrogel was prepared by immersing the ChPh hydrogel in a TPP solution after phenol crosslinking via exposure to visible light. The physicochemical properties of the dual-crosslinked hydrogels, including Young's moduli and water retentions, were subsequently investigated. Young's moduli of the dual-crosslinked hydrogels were 20 times higher than those of the hydrogels without TPP ion crosslinking. The stiffness could be manipulated by varying the immersion time, and the water retention properties of the ChPh hydrogel were improved by TPP crosslinking. Ion crosslinking could be reversed using an iron chloride solution. This method facilitates chitosan hydrogel use for various applications, particularly tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyuki Hidaka
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.H.); (M.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Masaru Kojima
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.H.); (M.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinji Sakai
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.H.); (M.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institute Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Kancha MM, Mehrabi M, Bitaraf FS, Vahedi H, Alizadeh M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Preparation, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity Assessment of Chitosan/TPP Nanoparticles Loaded with Echis carinatus Venom. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:533-543. [PMID: 38243949 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206279731231129105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Echis carinatus venom is a toxic substance naturally produced by special glands in this snake species. Alongside various toxic properties, this venom has been used for its therapeutic effects, which are applicable in treating various cancers (liver, breast, etc.). OBJECTIVE Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are suitable for protecting Echis carinatus venom against destruction and unwanted absorption. They can manage its controlled transfer and absorption, significantly reducing side effects. METHODS In the present study, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method with emulsion cross-linking. The venom's encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and release rate were calculated at certain time points. Moreover, the nanoparticles' optimal formulation and cytotoxic effects were determined using the MTT assay. RESULTS The optimized nanoparticle formulation increases cell death induction in various cancerous cell lines. Moreover, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Echis carinatus venom had a significant rate of cytotoxicity against cancer cells. CONCLUSION It is proposed that this formulation may act as a suitable candidate for more extensive assessments of cancer treatment using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Mahboubi Kancha
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hamid Vahedi
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Amnieh YA, Ghadirian S, Mohammadi N, Shadkhast M, Karbasi S. Evaluation of the effects of chitosan nanoparticles on polyhydroxy butyrate electrospun scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126064. [PMID: 37524286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized and incorporated chitosan nanoparticles (Cs) into polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) electrospun scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. The Cs nanoparticles were synthesized via an ionic gel interaction between Cs powder and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and fiber diameter of the PHB scaffolds with varying concentrations of Cs nanoparticles (1-5 wt%) were evaluated. The results of these evaluations showed that the scaffold containing 1 wt% Cs nanoparticles (P1Cs) was the optimum scaffold, with increased ultimate strength from 2.6 to 5.2 MPa and elongation at break from 5.31 % to 12.6 %. Crystallinity, degradation, and cell compatibility were also evaluated. The addition of Cs nanoparticles decreased crystallinity and accelerated hydrolytic degradation. MTT assay results showed that the proliferation of chondrocytes on the scaffold containing 1 wt% Cs nanoparticles were significantly higher than that on pure PHB after 7 days of cultivation. These findings suggest that the electrospun P1Cs scaffold has promising potential as a substrate for cartilage tissue engineering applications. This combination offers a promising approach for the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and cell compatibility for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Alikhasi Amnieh
- Department of Veterinary Histology, School of Veterinary, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghadirian
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nayereh Mohammadi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shadkhast
- Basic Science of Veterinary Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Hassan HAFM, Ali AI, ElDesawy EM, ElShafeey AH. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of gemifloxacin chitosan nanoparticles as an antibacterial ocular dosage form. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1497-1508. [PMID: 34929155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ocular infections are classified into superficial keratitis, conjunctivitis or deep infections such as corneal abscesses and blepharitis. Herein, we focused on the development of formulation approaches that could prolong the residence time of gemifloxacin (GM) and enhance its corneal penetration to facilitate GM effects both superficially and at the deep tissues. Ionic gelation method was used to prepare eight forms of GM nanoparticles (NPs) formulated from chitosan polymer using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP)-induced precipitation method. Differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated the interaction between the chitosan and GM. Particle size, entrapment efficiency and cumulative in vitro release were used to select the optimal formula using Design Expert® software. The mean diameter of the selected NPs was 158. 4 nm. The average entrapment efficiency and cumulative release exhibited by the formulated NPs were 46.6% and 74.9%, respectively. Pharmacokinetics studies carried out on rabbits revealed that the ocularly-administered NPs significantly increased the loaded GM concentration in the tear and aqueous humour samples that suggested enhancement of precorneal retention and transcorneal permeation, respectively. Furthermore, ocular pharmacodynamic studies conducted on rabbits following ocular infection with Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that the administered NPs augmented the antibacterial activity of the delivered GM. This was demonstrated via the histopathological examination of the dissected corneas that showed preserved histological features and reduced bacterial keratitis on using the GM NPs rather than GM solution. Moreover, the GM NPs-treated corneas showed lower viable bacterial counts than the GM solution-treated corneas. Accordingly, our study illustrated the capability of the chitosan NPs to promote the antibacterial activity of GM against eye infections via ocular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A F M Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | | | | | - Ahmed H ElShafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Sáringer S, Valtner T, Varga Á, Maléth J, Szilágyi I. Development of polymer-based multifunctional composite particles of protease and peroxidase activities. J Mater Chem B 2021; 10:2523-2533. [PMID: 34757359 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01861b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid material (SL-PPN-HEP-HRP) of dual enzyme function was prepared by co-immobilization of papain (PPN) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on sulphate latex (SL) microspheres using heparin (HEP) polyelectrolyte as a building block in the sequential adsorption method. The doses of PPN, HEP and HRP were optimized in each step of the preparation process to achieve high functional and colloidal stability. The enzymes and the polyelectrolyte strongly adsorbed on the oppositely charged surfaces via electrostatic forces, and enzyme leakage was not observed from the hybrid material, as confirmed by colorimetric protein tests and microscopy measurements. It was found that the polyelectrolyte acted as a separator between PPN and HRP to prevent hydrolytic attack on the latter enzyme, which otherwise prevents the joint use of these important biocatalysts. Excellent colloidal stability was obtained for the SL-PPN-HEP-HRP composite and the embedded PPN and HRP showed remarkable protease and peroxidase activities, respectively, at least until five days after preparation. The present results offer a promising approach to develop biocatalytic systems of dual function, which are often required in manufacturing processes in the food industry, where the colloidal stability of such multifunctional materials is a key parameter to achieve remarkable efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Sáringer
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Valtner
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Varga
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group and HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- HAS-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group and HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Szilágyi
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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Santos TA, Cabral BR, de Oliveira ACS, Dias MV, de Oliveira CR, Borges SV. Release of papain incorporated in chitosan films reinforced with cellulose nanofibers. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5-Aminosalicylic Acid Loaded Chitosan-Carrageenan Hydrogel Beads with Potential Application for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152463. [PMID: 34372065 PMCID: PMC8347588 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our work is to prepare mucoadhesive particles with biopolymers and 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) using the ionotropic gelation technique to ensure a controlled drug release at the colon level with potential applications in the treatment of intestinal bowel disease (IBD). The preparation of particles through the crosslinking of Chitosan (CS) with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) using different mass ratios and the influence of the k-Carrageenan (kCG) layer were studied. UV–VIS spectrometry was employed to assess encapsulation efficiency and drug release profile of 5ASA. The particles were investigated using FT-IR spectrometry for chemical characterization and the DLS results highlighted a monodisperse particle size distribution. The morphology of the polymeric beads was investigated using micro-computer tomography (µCT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particles based on Chitosan and k-Carrageenan were able to incorporate and preserve 5ASA in an acidic and alkaline medium. The 5ASA loaded polymeric particles obtained after immersion for 1 h in kCG solution exhibited the lowest release rate in pH = 1.2. Biocompatibility studies performed on all of the particles displayed a good viability for the CCD 841 CoN cells and low cytotoxicity. All of the results have shown that these new biomaterials could be a versatile platform of targeted carriers with potential applications in inflammatory bowel disease treatment.
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Liu Z, Li D. Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Composite Hydrogels From Tea Residue and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Oxides and Its Potential Applications. Front Chem 2021; 9:651566. [PMID: 34017817 PMCID: PMC8129011 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.651566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels were prepared from tea cellulose with the addition of single-walled carbon nanotube oxides in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Single-walled carbon nanotube oxides/tea cellulose hydrogels (TCH-SWNTs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, texture profile analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue using the prepared hydrogels was also investigated. The hydrogels exhibited greater thermal stability and intensive textural property with the addition of single-walled carbon nanotube oxides. Compared with undoped TCHs, the weight loss peak moved from 280 to 323°C, and the values of hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and resilience were 8.4, 5.3, 10.8, and 1.9, respectively, times higher than that of TCHs. As an absorbent of methylene blue, TCH-SWNTs accorded to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, good adsorption capacity (13.8 mg/g), and good adsorption ratio (27.59%) and showed potential as a drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Liu
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dianxin Li
- Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou, China
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Asanarong O, Minh Quan V, Boonrungsiman S, Sukyai P. Bioactive wound dressing using bacterial cellulose loaded with papain composite: Morphology, loading/release and antibacterial properties. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Thibault MH, Comeau C, Vienneau G, Robichaud J, Brown D, Bruening R, Martin LJ, Djaoued Y. Assessing the potential of boronic acid/chitosan/bioglass composite materials for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mucosal delivery of recombinant hcp of Campylobacter jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:182-197. [PMID: 31078054 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently emerged as a new pattern of protein secretions in Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Within the T6SS cluster, hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is considered as a hallmark of functional T6SS and holds key role in bacterial virulence. As poultry is the primary reservoir of C. jejuni and the major sources for human infection, we evaluated the capacity of recombinant hcp (rhcp) immunization in blocking C. jejuni colonization in chickens with an aim to control bacterial transmission to humans via poultry food chain. Considering the mucosal route is the primary portal for C. jejuni entry and gut mucosa offers the apposite site for C. jejuni adherence, we investigated the immune-protective potential of intra-gastric administration of rhcp using chitosan-based nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, full length coding sequence of hcp gene from C. jejuni was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Purified rhcp was entrapped in chitosan-Sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) and orally gavaged in chickens. Our results suggest that intra-gastric immunization of CS-TPP-rhcp induces consistent and steady increase in intestinal (sIgA) and systemic antibody (IgY) response against rhcp with significant reduction in cecal load of C. jejuni. The protection afforded by rhcp associated cellular responses with Th1 and Th17 profile in terms of increased expression of NFkB, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17 A genes. Though systemic immunization of rhcp with IFA resulting in a robust systemic (IgY) and local (sIgA) antibody response, mucosal administration of rhcp loaded CS-TPP NPs was found to be superior in terms of bacterial clearance. Altogether, present study suggests that chitosan based intra-gastric delivery of rhcp have several advantages over the injectable composition and could be a promising vaccine approach to effectively control C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Budama-Kilinc Y, Cakir-Koc R, Kecel-Gunduz S, Zorlu T, Kokcu Y, Bicak B, Karavelioglu Z, Ozel AE. Papain Loaded Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Nanoparticles: In-silico and In-Vitro Studies. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:1127-1142. [PMID: 30097974 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Papain is a protease enzyme with therapeutic properties that are very valuable for medical applications. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is an ideal polymeric carrier for controlled drug delivery systems due to its low biodegradability and its high biocompatibility. In this study, the three-dimensional structure and action mechanism of papain were investigated by in vitro and in silico experiments using molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular docking methods to elucidate biological functions. The results showed that the size of papain-loaded PCL nanoparticles (NPs) and the polydispersity index (PDI) of the NPs were 242.9 nm and 0.074, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were 80.4 and 27.2%, respectively. Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293) were used for determining the cytotoxicity of papain-loaded PCL and PCL nanoparticles. The in vitro cell culture showed that nanoparticles are not toxic at low concentrations, while toxicity slightly increases at high concentrations. In silico studies, which were carried out with MD simulations and ADME analysis showed that the strong hydrogen bonds between the ligand and the papain provide stability and indicate the regions in which the interactions occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Rabia Cakir-Koc
- Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serda Kecel-Gunduz
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Zorlu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Kokcu
- Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilge Bicak
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, Istanbul University, 34452, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karavelioglu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen E Ozel
- Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Istanbul University, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey
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Preservation of the antibacterial activity of enzymes against Alicyclobacillus spp. through microencapsulation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Liu Z, Li D, Dai H, Huang H. Enhanced properties of tea residue cellulose hydrogels by addition of graphene oxide. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.08.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abd El-Magied MO, Galhoum AA, Atia AA, Tolba AA, Maize MS, Vincent T, Guibal E. Cellulose and chitosan derivatives for enhanced sorption of erbium(III). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Boggione MJ, Mahl CR, Beppu MM, Farruggia B. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan membranes functionalized with amino acids and copper for adsorption of endoglucanase. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Preparation and characterization of papain embedded in magnetic cellulose hydrogels prepared from tea residue. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Z, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang J, Chen H. A novel cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of papain and neutrase-production, partial characterization and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 95:650-657. [PMID: 27913224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The neutrase (EC 3.4.24.4) and papain (EC 3.4.22.2) were together immobilized ascross-linked enzyme aggregates (N-P-CLEAs) and their properties were characterized. The influence of the precipitant, cross-linking ratio of glutaraldehyde and cross-linking time were investigated. Ethanol was selected as the more efficient precipitant compared with ammonium sulfate. The proper cross-linking ratio of enzyme and glutaraldehyde was 1:5 (v/v) and the optimized cross-linking time was 4h. N-P-CLEAs showed obvious improvement in thermal stability and pH stability than the free enzyme (P<0.05) and could hold relatively high activity retention in nonpolar and hydrophilic solvents and without activity loss at 4°C for more than six months. The cross-linking reaction had been appeared in N-P-CLEAs and more orderly microscopic surface morphology of N-P-CLEAs was observed. The molecular weight and thermal denaturation temperature of N-P-CLEAs were increased while the isoelectric point was decreased compared with those of the free enzymes. Application of N-P-CLEAs in bean proteins and zein showed a higher degree of hydrolysis, such as the hydrolysis degree of mung bean protein hydrolyzed by N-P-CLEAs was 12%, increased by approximately 4.5% compared to that of free enzyme. The results demonstrated that the N-P-CLEAs was suitable for application in food protein hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jingya Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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Rocha MV, Di Giacomo M, Beltramino S, Loh W, Romanini D, Nerli BB. A sustainable affinity partitioning process to recover papain from Carica papaya latex using alginate as macro-ligand. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoaggregates from Gladius of Uroteuthis duvauceli. Int J Biomater 2016; 2016:5379424. [PMID: 26977152 PMCID: PMC4764718 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5379424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis, characterization, and biological properties of chitosan nanoaggregates from gladius of squid, Uroteuthis duvauceli. β-Chitin extracted from gladius was deacetylated to chitosan and further reduced to nanosize using ionic gelation process. The morphology and occurrence of chitosan nanoaggregates (CSNA) were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The degree of deacetylation (DD%) calculated from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed high value (~94 ± 1.25%) for chitosan. The CSNA depicts low molecular weight, stable positive zeta potential, and less ash and moisture content with high water and fat binding capacity. The antimicrobial activity was tested against pathogenic microorganisms, which depicted significant rate of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli due to high cellular uptake. The antioxidant analysis for CSNA demonstrated high reducing power and scavenging activity towards superoxide radicals compared with the commercially available chitosan. Furthermore, nanoaggregates exhibited low cytotoxic behavior in biological in vitro tests performed using cervical cancer cell line. These results indicate that chitosan nanoaggregates synthesized from waste gladius will be highly efficient and safe candidate for biological applications as food packing film, drug carrier, and tissue engineering.
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Shi X, Fang Q, Ding M, Wu J, Ye F, Lv Z, Jin J. Microspheres of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and collagen for a novel hemostatic in vitro study. J Biomater Appl 2015; 30:1092-102. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328215618354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To develop biocompatible composite microspheres for novel hemostatic use, we designed and prepared a novel biomaterial, composite microspheres consisting of carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate, and collagen (CSCM). The ultra-structure of CSCM was investigated by scanning electron microscopy assay. In hemostatic function experiment, it was found that CSCM could facilitate platelet adherence, platelet aggregation, and platelet activation in vitro. Besides, the maximum swelling of CSCM submerged in PBS for 50 min was over 300% of that exhibited by commercial hemostatic compound microporous polysaccharide haemostatic powder (CMPHP). In addition, CSCM exhibited good biodegradability and non-cytotoxicity. These results demonstrated that CSCM may be useful in platelet plug formation, and this study would provide important information for further research on hemostasis experiment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
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Chemical improvement of chitosan-modified beads for the immobilization of Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 l-arabinose isomerase through multipoint covalent attachment approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1325-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
d-tagatose is produced from d-galactose by the enzyme l-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) in a commercially viable bioprocess. An active and stable biocatalyst was obtained by modifying chitosan gel structure through reaction with TNBS, d-fructose or DMF, among others. This led to a significant improvement in L-AI immobilization via multipoint covalent attachment approach. Synthetized derivatives were compared with commercial supports such as Eupergit® C250L and glyoxal-agarose. The best chitosan derivative for L-AI immobilization was achieved by reacting 4 % (w/v) d-fructose with 3 % (w/v) chitosan at 50 °C for 4 h. When compared to the free enzyme, the glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan biocatalyst showed an apparent activity of 88.4 U ggel −1 with a 211-fold stabilization factor while the glyoxal-agarose biocatalyst gave an apparent activity of 161.8 U ggel −1 with an 85-fold stabilization factor. Hence, chitosan derivatives were comparable to commercial resins, thus becoming a viable low-cost strategy to obtain high active L-AI insolubilized derivatives.
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Moreno-Cortez IE, Romero-García J, González-González V, García-Gutierrez DI, Garza-Navarro MA, Cruz-Silva R. Encapsulation and immobilization of papain in electrospun nanofibrous membranes of PVA cross-linked with glutaraldehyde vapor. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 52:306-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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El Miri N, Abdelouahdi K, Zahouily M, Fihri A, Barakat A, Solhy A, El Achaby M. Bio-nanocomposite films based on cellulose nanocrystals filled polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan polymer blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nassima El Miri
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université Hassan II-Casablanca; Casablanca 20650 Morocco
- MAScIR Foundation; Rabat Design; Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane 10100 Rabat; Morocco
| | - Karima Abdelouahdi
- Division UATRS; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST); Angle Allal Fassi/FAR, Hay Riad 10000 Rabat Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université Hassan II-Casablanca; Casablanca 20650 Morocco
| | - Aziz Fihri
- MAScIR Foundation; Rabat Design; Rue Mohamed El Jazouli, Madinat Al Irfane 10100 Rabat; Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- INRA; UMR 1208 Ingénierie des Agropolymères et Technologies Emergentes (IATE) 2; 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1 France
| | - Abderrahim Solhy
- Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique; Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique; Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid 43150 Ben Guerir Morocco
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Immobilization of Papain on Chitin and Chitosan and Recycling of Soluble Enzyme for Deflocculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Bioethanol Distilleries. Enzyme Res 2015; 2015:573721. [PMID: 25628895 PMCID: PMC4299301 DOI: 10.1155/2015/573721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast flocculation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is one of the most important problems in fuel ethanol production. Yeast flocculation causes operational difficulties and increase in the ethanol cost. Proteolytic enzymes can solve this problem since it does not depend on these changes. The recycling of soluble papain and the immobilization of this enzyme on chitin or chitosan were studied. Some cross-linking agents were evaluated in the action of proteolytic activity of papain. The glutaraldehyde (0.1–10% w·v−1), polyethyleneimine (0.5% v·v−1), and tripolyphosphate (1–10% w·v−1) inactivated the enzyme in this range, respectively. Glutaraldehyde inhibited all treatments of papain immobilization. The chitosan cross-linked with TPP in 5 h of reaction showed the yield of active immobilized enzyme of 15.7% and 6.07% in chitosan treated with 0.1% PEI. Although these immobilizations have been possible, these levels have not been enough to cause deflocculation of yeast cells. Free enzyme was efficient for yeast deflocculation in dosages of 3 to 4 g·L−1. Recycling of soluble papain by centrifugation was effective for 14 cycles with yeast suspension in time perfectly compatible to industrial conditions. The reuse of proteases applied after yeast suspension by additional yeast centrifugation could be an alternative to cost reduction of these enzymes.
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El Achaby M, Essamlali Y, El Miri N, Snik A, Abdelouahdi K, Fihri A, Zahouily M, Solhy A. Graphene oxide reinforced chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer bio-nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir El Achaby
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
| | - Youness Essamlali
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Matériaux; Catalyse et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia B.P. 146; 20650 Morocco
| | - Nassima El Miri
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Matériaux; Catalyse et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia B.P. 146; 20650 Morocco
| | - Asmae Snik
- Laboratoire de Matériaux; Catalyse et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia B.P. 146; 20650 Morocco
| | - Karima Abdelouahdi
- Division UATRS; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CNRST), Angle Allal Fassi/FAR, B.P.8027; Hay Riad 10000-Rabat Morocco
| | - Aziz Fihri
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
- Laboratoire de Matériaux; Catalyse et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, URAC 24, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Hassan II-Mohammedia B.P. 146; 20650 Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Solhy
- Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science Innovation and Research (MAScIR); Rabat Design, Rue Mohamed El Jazouli; Madinat El Irfane 10100-Rabat Morocco
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Piccirilli GN, García A, Leonardi D, Mamprin ME, Bolmaro RE, Salomón CJ, Lamas MC. Chitosan microparticles: influence of the gelation process on the release profile and oral bioavailability of albendazole, a class II compound. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:1476-82. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2013.829486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Effects of Some Parameters on Particle Size Distribution of Chitosan Nanoparticles Prepared by Ionic Gelation Method. J CLUST SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-013-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Real DA, Martinez MV, Frattini A, Soazo M, Luque AG, Biasoli MS, Salomon CJ, Olivieri AC, Leonardi D. Design, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of antifungal polymeric films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:64-73. [PMID: 23225117 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present paper was the development and the full characterization of antifungal films. Econazole nitrate (ECN) was loaded in a polymeric matrix formed by chitosan (CH) and carbopol 971NF (CB). Polyethylene glycol 400 and sorbitol were used as plasticizing agents. The mechanical properties of films were poorer when the drug was loaded, probably because crystals of ENC produces network outages and therefore reduces the polymeric interactions between the polymers. Polymers-ECN and CH-CB interactions were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetry analysis, and differential thermal analysis (DTA-TGA). ECN did not show structure alterations when loaded into the films. In scanning electron microphotographs and atomic force microscopy analysis, films prepared with CB showed an evident wrinkle pattern probably due to the strong interactions between the polymers, which were observed by FTIR and DTA-TGA. The in vitro activity of the formulations against Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis was twice as greater as the commercial cream, probably as a result of the antifungal combination of the drug with the CH activity. All these results suggest that these polymeric films containing ECN are potential candidates in view of alternatives dosages forms for the treatment of the yeast assayed.
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Yao J, Lin C, Tao T, Lin F. The effect of various concentrations of papain on the properties and hydrolytic rates of β-casein layers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 101:272-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Chitosan/TPP microparticles obtained by microemulsion method applied in controlled release of heparin. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:1127-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jătariu (Cadinoiu) AN, Holban MN, Peptu CA, Sava A, Costuleanu M, Popa M. Double crosslinked interpenetrated network in nanoparticle form for drug targeting—Preparation, characterization and biodistribution studies. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang Y, Liu S, Liu Z, Hu X, Xue J, Tian J. Study on the ternary system of MoO4 (2-) -enzyme-PdCl2 by resonance Rayleigh scattering, second-order scattering and frequency-doubling scattering spectra and its analytical application. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:648-55. [PMID: 22972710 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In pH 4.0 Britton-Robinson buffer medium, PdCl2 was able to react with enzymes (EZ) such as lysozyme (LYSO) and papain (PAP) to form a coordination complex (EZ-PdCl2 ), which further reacted with MoO4 (2-) to form a ternary complex (MoO4 (2-) -EZ-PdCl2 ). As a result, the absorption and fluorescence spectra changed; new spectra of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS), second-order scattering (SOS) and frequency-doubling scattering (FDS) appeared and their intensities were enhanced greatly. The maximum RRS, SOS and FDS wavelengths of two ternary complexes were located at 310, 560 and 350 nm, respectively. The increments of scattering intensity were directly proportional to the concentrations of EZ within certain ranges. The detection limits (3σ) of LYSO and PAP were 4.5 and 14.0 ng/mL (RRS method), 9.6 and 57.8 ng/mL (SOS method), and 5.2 and 106.0 ng/mL (FDS method). Taking the MoO4 (2-) -LYSO-PdCl2 system, which was more sensitive, as an example, the effects of coexisting substances were evaluated. The methods showed excellent selectivity. Accordingly, new rapid, convenient, sensitive and selective scattering methods for the determination of LYSO and PAP were proposed and applied to determine LYSO in egg white with satisfactory results. The reaction mechanism and basis of the enhancement of scattering were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory on Luminescence and Real-Time Analysis, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Bouyer E, Mekhloufi G, Rosilio V, Grossiord JL, Agnely F. Proteins, polysaccharides, and their complexes used as stabilizers for emulsions: alternatives to synthetic surfactants in the pharmaceutical field? Int J Pharm 2012; 436:359-78. [PMID: 22759644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Emulsions are widely used in pharmaceutics for the encapsulation, solubilization, entrapment, and controlled delivery of active ingredients. In order to answer the increasing demand for clean label excipients, natural polymers can replace the potentially irritative synthetic surfactants used in emulsion formulation. Indeed, biopolymers are currently used in the food industry to stabilize emulsions, and they appear as promising candidates in the pharmaceutical field too. All proteins and some polysaccharides are able to adsorb at a globule surface, thus decreasing the interfacial tension and enhancing the interfacial elasticity. However, most polysaccharides stabilize emulsions simply by increasing the viscosity of the continuous phase. Proteins and polysaccharides may also be associated either through covalent bonding or electrostatic interactions. The combination of the properties of these biopolymers under appropriate conditions leads to increased emulsion stability. Alternative layers of oppositely charged biopolymers can also be formed around the globules to obtain multi-layered "membranes". These layers can provide electrostatic and steric stabilization thus improving thermal stability and resistance to external treatment. The novel biopolymer-stabilized emulsions have a great potential in the pharmaceutical field for encapsulation, controlled digestion, and targeted release although several challenging issues such as storage and bacteriological concerns still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Bouyer
- Univ Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France
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Purification of Papain Using Reactive Green 5 Attached Supermacroporous Monolithic Cryogel. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:552-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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