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Dénoue K, Cheviré F, Calers C, Verger L, Le Coq D, Calvez L. Mechanochemical synthesis and structural characterization of gallium sulfide Ga2S3. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Masdarian M, Azizi A, Bahri Z. Mechanochemical sulfidization of a mixed oxide-sulphide copper ore by co-grinding with sulfur and its effect on the flotation efficiency. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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He H, Cao J, Duan N. Synergistic effect between ultrasound and fierce mechanical activation towards mineral extraction: A case study of ZnO ore. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:163-170. [PMID: 30080538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Though the positive role of ultrasound has been confirmed in the mineral extraction, its potential towards fiercely mechanically-activated mineral was not yet mentioned. In this study, as a novel mechanical activation style, bead milling (BM) was presented and ZnO ore was selected to determine its effectiveness. Results showed that median particle size of ZnO ore could be pulverized to as low as 1/164 of its original value (from ∼29.2 μm to ∼178 nm), indicating much higher activation potential of BM than that of conventional ball milling. Besides, structure destruction, even phase transformation with the direct participation of airborne CO2 occurred. All these processes rendered the superior activation capacity of BM. In view of the extraction promotion, the combination of ultrasound and BM exerted more pronounced effect than those of individual ones, indicating the synergistic effect between extra energy input (by ultrasound) and inner energy storage (by fierce BM). The classic shrinking core model with the product layer diffusion as the rate-controlling step was found to well model the extraction kinetics. The modeling disclosed high capability of ultrasound and BM combination in decreasing the activation energy (Ea) (from 54.6 kJ/mol to 26.4 kJ/mol), while ultrasound, BM could only decrease the Ea to 44.9 kJ/mol, 41.5 kJ/mol, respectively. The dual roles of ultrasound were specially highlighted: (i) participation in the extraction process via direct energy input, (ii) regulation of the aggregation that the activated ore suspension was confronted with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping He
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianglin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ning Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Technology Center for Heavy Metal Cleaner Production Engineering, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, PR China.
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Liu W, Zhu L, Han J, Jiao F, Qin W. Sulfidation mechanism of ZnO roasted with pyrite. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9516. [PMID: 29934531 PMCID: PMC6015001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27968-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfidation is a widely used technology to improve the floatability of oxidized metal minerals or to stabilize the heavy metals in various wastes. The sulfidation mechanism of ZnO with pyrite was detailedly studied by thermodynamic calculation and roasting experiments. The sulfidation behaviors, phase transformations, microscopic morphology and surface properties were investigated by TG-DSC, ICP, XRD, SEM-EDS, and XPS analysis. The results indicate that the nature of the sulfidation is the reaction of ZnO with the gaseous sulfur generated by the decomposition of pyrite. Pyrite instead of sulfur as the sulfidizing agent can not only relieve the volatilization loss of sulfur but also enhance the formation of liquid phase and thus facilitate the growth of ZnS particles. The sulfidation reaction belongs to surface chemical reaction and relates to the migration of oxygen from the inside of ZnO to its surfaces. The presence of carbon not only eliminates the release of SO2, but also decreases the decomposition temperature of pyrite and promotes the sulfidation of ZnO. The addition of Na2CO3 promotes the sulfidation of ZnO at lower temperatures (below 850 °C) and enhances the growth of ZnS particles but has a negative effect on the sulfidation at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Fen Jiao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, 410083, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhang X, Li L, Fan E, Xue Q, Bian Y, Wu F, Chen R. Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7239-7302. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive and novel view on battery recycling is provided in terms of the science and technology, engineering, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Ersha Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Qing Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Yifan Bian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Feng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- China
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Li Z, Chen M, Li X, Lei Z, Qu J, Huang P, Zhang Q, Saito F. Surface modification of basic copper carbonate by mechanochemical processing with sulfur and ammonium sulfate. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mechanism study on the sulfidation of ZnO with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperature. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42536. [PMID: 28186156 PMCID: PMC5301213 DOI: 10.1038/srep42536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of ZnO sulfidation with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperatures was studied. The thermodynamic analysis, sulfidation behavior of zinc, phase transformations, morphology changes, and surface properties were investigated by HSC 5.0 combined with FactSage 7.0, ICP, XRD, optical microscopy coupled with SEM-EDS, and XPS. The results indicate that increasing temperature and adding iron oxide can not only improve the sulfidation of ZnO but also promote the formation and growth of ZnS crystals. Fe2O3 captured the sulfur in the initial sulfidation process as iron sulfides, which then acted as the sulfurizing agent in the late period, thus reducing sulfur escape at high temperatures. The addition of carbon can not only enhance the sulfidation but increase sulfur utilization rate and eliminate the generation of SO2. The surfaces of marmatite and synthetic zinc sulfides contain high oxygen due to oxidation and oxygen adsorption. Hydroxyl easily absorbs on the surface of iron-bearing zinc sulfide (Zn1−xFexS). The oxidation of synthetic Zn1−xFexS is easier than marmatite in air.
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Li Z, Chen M, Zhang Q, Liu X, Saito F. Mechanochemical processing of molybdenum and vanadium sulfides for metal recovery from spent catalysts wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 60:734-738. [PMID: 27422050 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the mechanochemical transformations of molybdenum and vanadium sulfides into corresponding molybdate and vanadate, to serve as a new environment-friendly approach for processing hazardous spent hydrodesulphurization (HDS) catalysts solid waste to achieve an easy recovery of not only molybdenum and vanadium but also nickel and cobalt. Co-grinding the molybdenum and vanadium sulfides with oxidants and sodium carbonate stimulates solid-state reactions without any heating aid to form metal molybdates and vanadates. The reactions proceed with an increase in grinding time and were enhanced by using more sodium carbonate and stronger oxidant. The necessary conditions for the successful transformation can be explained on the basis of thermodynamic analyses, namely a negative change in Gibbs free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiwu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xinzhong Liu
- College of Ecological Environment and Urban Construction, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
| | - Fumio Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Ou Z, Li J, Wang Z. Application of mechanochemistry to metal recovery from second-hand resources: a technical overview. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:1522-1530. [PMID: 26283597 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00211g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the context of huge imbalance between increasing demand for metals and the finiteness of metal resources in nature, recycling metal from second-hand resources, especially e-waste, is of great importance, to embrace the sustainability challenge. Inspired by its hundreds of uses in extractive metallurgy, mechanochemistry has been introduced to recover metals from waste since the 1990s. The mechanochemical recycling process is technically feasible to recover metals from waste in a high yield, such as Pb recovery from cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass, Li and Co recovery from lithium-ion batteries, rare earth recovery from fluorescent lamps. In recovery from LCD screens, Cu recovery from waste printed circuit boards and Au, Mo and Ni recovery from waste. Particle size reduction, specific surface area increase, crystalline structure decomposition and bond breakage have been identified as the main changes induced by the mechanochemical processes in the studies. Also, the activation energy required decreases and reaction activity increases, subsequently. This paper presents a technical overview of the applications of mechanochemistry to metal recycling from waste. The current application pattern, reaction mechanisms, equipment used, method procedures, and the future research direction are discussed in detail. This work presents the limitation of current mechanochemical application in metal recovery and gives a perspective of the future development of mechanochemistry as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Tan Q, Li J. Recycling metals from wastes: a novel application of mechanochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5849-5861. [PMID: 25884338 DOI: 10.1021/es506016w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recycling metals from wastes is essential to a resource-efficient economy, and increasing attention from researchers has been devoted to this process in recent years, with emphasis on mechanochemistry technology. The mechanochemical method can make technically feasible the recycling of metals from some specific wastes, such as cathode ray tube (CRT) funnel glass and tungsten carbide waste, while significantly improving recycling efficiency. Particle size reduction, specific surface area increase, crystalline structure decomposition and bond breakage have been identified as the main processes occurring during the mechanochemical operations in the studies. The activation energy required decreases and reaction activity increases, after these changes with activation progress. This study presents an overall review of the applications of mechanochemistry to metal recycling from wastes. The reaction mechanisms, equipment used, method procedures, and optimized operating parameters of each case, as well as methods enhancing the activation process are discussed in detail. The issues to be addressed and perspectives on the future development of mechanochemistry applied for metal recycling are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyin Tan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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