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Babaei M, Movahedirad S. Hydrodynamics of a cold circulating fluidized bed for methanol-to-olefins (MTO) process: experimental and computational investigation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18349. [PMID: 37884569 PMCID: PMC10603125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the hydrodynamic behavior of gas-solid flow in a pseudo-two-dimensional cold circulation fluidized bed specifically designed to mimic a plane cut of an industrial methanol-to-olefins (MTO) bed. The solid velocity pattern was experimentally examined using the Particle Image Velocimetry with Digital Image Analysis (PIV-DIA) technique. The hydrodynamics of this pseudo-2D bed were studied using the twoPhaseEulerFoam solver in OpenFOAM, and the adjusted solver was validated through solid particle velocity and solid volume fraction comparisons, showing good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the study explores different geometries, including symmetric and asymmetric baffles, to understand their impact on the mixing characteristics of the circulating fluidized bed for MTO. The findings highlight the significant role of asymmetric baffles in enhancing mixing behavior. Furthermore, the DIA technique was employed to study the effects of bubbles on gas-solid mixing, revealing that the low mixing region of the bed limited the diameter of bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Babaei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Movahedirad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Y, Fu P, Yi W, Li Z, Tian C, Li Z, Li Y, Wang N. Transport hydrodynamics of catalytic particles in gradient cyclonic flow field and reaction characteristics to produce bio-oil. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2023.103980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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3
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Comparison of Experimental Results from Operating a Novel Fluidized Bed Classifier with CFD Simulations Applying Different Drag Models and Model Validation. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A cold-flow lab-scale cross-flow fluidized bed classifier was simulated using the CFD software Barracuda VR®. The purpose of the study was to identify the most suitable drag model and make the model adjustments that provide the best representation of the flow situation in the classifier when comparing the results with the experimental data. Two particle types were used in the simulations and in the experiments: zirconia (median diameter 69 µm, skeletal density 3830 kg/m3) and steel (290 µm, 7790 kg/m3). Ten different cases, with different solids loading values, were investigated: three with pure zirconia particles, three with pure steel particles, and four with a mixture of zirconia (28%) and steel (72%). Several different drag models were tried out in the simulations. However, none of the available models were able to predict the classification efficiency observed in experiments with their default settings. Although most of the drag models correctly predicted the inversely proportional behavior of the classification efficiency vs. solids loading, the classification efficiency was overpredicted. It was observed that a combined WenYu/Ergun drag model gave a wide range of accuracy, by being able to capture the behavior of both dense and dilute particle systems. Even though the predictions of the classification efficiency for steel particles were acceptable, a larger deviation was observed with Geldart A zirconia particles. CFD simulations with the WenYu and Ergun combined drag model were used for further validation against the experimental observations. In this case, previously published experimental data for fluidization of pure Zirconia particles were used. The fluidization of zirconia was modelled in Barracuda VR® with adjustment of the combined WenYu/Ergun drag model parameter (k1), to obtain a suitable validation. Furthermore, the effect of adding the blended acceleration model (BAM) for the fluidization simulations is discussed. It was observed that the fixed bed pressure drop was very accurate compared to the experimental observation, but the pressure drop after the fluidization was slightly overpredicted.
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Yang Z, Lu X, Lu J, Li J, Wang Q, Kang Y, Dong Z, Zhang R, Jue J, Meng B. Investigation on the internal and external solid flow rates in large-scale circulating fluidized bed with different layouts of suspended heating surfaces. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Liu Y, Sun B, Tajcmanova L, Liu C, Wu J. Effect of carbon residues structures on burnout characteristic by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:120947. [PMID: 35144080 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (-FA) from seven typical power plants in Shanxi province (North China) were collected to explore the effect of carbon residues (-CR) structures on their burnout characteristic. Burnout characteristic is expressed by the loss on ignition (LOI) content in fly ash. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are used to characterize the structure of CR. The structure parameters include Raman parameter (the full width at half maxima (FWHM) ratio of D1 and G, ID1/IG) and FTIR parameter (asymmetric stretching intensity ratio of CH2 and CH3 groups, A(CH2)/A(CH3)). Three samples come from circulating fluidized bed (CFB), and four samples are from pulverized coal boilers (PC). Then two types of power plants are numbered from one to three according to the increasing degree of feed coal (-C) metamorphism. The CFB-1-FA, CFB-2-FA, and CFB-3-FA have loss on ignition (LOI) of 9.01%, 16.4%, and 21.6% respectively, while the LOI contents are 1.99%, 4.62%, 23.7%, and 5.00% for the PC-1-FA, PC-2-FA, PC-3-FA, and PC-4-FA. The results show that carbon residues in the PC fly ash mainly have the shorter and branched aliphatic side chains with lower A(CH2)/A(CH3) value. While carbon residues in the CFB fly ash have relatively longer aliphatic chains, and intramolecular aromatization is the main reaction during combustion. The ID1/IG of the CFB carbon residues are generally higher than it for the PC samples, indicating a more ordered structure. Oxygen-deficient environment and the longer residence time at temperature around 900 °C in the CFB boiler promote the ordering progress of the CR. The ordered CR suppresses its burnout and leads to an increase LOI content in fly ash. In turn, sufficient oxygen and temperature around 1200 °C in the PC boiler make the CR further oxidize and decompose. The CR become less ordered and are prone to burn out, resulting in a reduction of the LOI content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal Measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Beilei Sun
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal Measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lucie Tajcmanova
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Shanxi Key Laboratory of Coal and Coal Measure Gas Geology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, Jincheng 048012, China
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Xiao H, Zhang Y, Wang J. Correlating measurement qualities of cross-correlation based solids velocimetry with solids convection-mixing competing mechanism in different gas fluidization regimes. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Computational modeling of high pressure bubbling fluidized bed hydrodynamics using ilmenite particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Revisiting a large-scale FCC riser reactor with a particle-scale model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Tu Q, Wang H, Ocone R. Application of three-dimensional full-loop CFD simulation in circulating fluidized bed combustion reactors – A review. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lan B, Xu J, Zhao P, Zou Z, Wang J, Zhu Q. Scale-up effect of residence time distribution of polydisperse particles in continuously operated multiple-chamber fluidized beds. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Timsina R, Thapa RK, Moldestad BM, Eikeland MS. Computational particle fluid dynamics simulation of biomass gasification in an entrained flow gasifier. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2021.100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Hydraulic Characteristics, Residence Time Distribution, and Flow Field of Electrochemical Descaling Reactor Using CFD. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate flow field distribution inside an electrochemical descaling reactor in three dimensions. First, the reactor flow field was obtained by steady-state simulation, and the grid independence was verified. Then, the steady state of the flow field was judged to ensure the accuracy of the simulation results. Transient simulations were performed on the basis of steady-state simulations, and residence time distribution (RTD) curves were obtained by a pulse-tracing method. The effects of plate height and plate spacing on reactor hydraulic characteristics (flow state and backmixing) were investigated using RTD curves, and the results showed that increasing the plate height and decreasing the plate spacing could make the flow more similar to the plug flow and reduce the degree of backmixing in the reactor. The flow field details provided by CFD were used to analyze the reactor flow field and were further verified to obtain the distribution patterns of dead and short circuit zones. Meanwhile, information regarding pressure drops was extracted for different working conditions (490, 560, and 630 mm for pole plate height and 172.6, 129.45, and 103.56 mm for pole plate spacing), and the results showed that increasing the pole plate height and decreasing the pole plate spacing led to an increased drop in pressure. In this case, a larger pressure drop means higher energy consumption. However, increasing the pole plate height had a smaller effect on energy consumption than decreasing the pole plate spacing.
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Estiati I, Atxutegi A, Altzibar H, Freire FB, Aguado R, Olazar M. Multiple‐Output Artificial Neural Network to Estimate Solid Cycle Times in Conical Spouted Beds. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Idoia Estiati
- University of the Basque Country Department of Chemical Engineering P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Aitor Atxutegi
- University of the Basque Country Department of Chemical Engineering P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Haritz Altzibar
- University of the Basque Country Department of Chemical Engineering P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Fabio B. Freire
- Federal University of São Carlos Department of Chemical Engineering Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, P.O. Box 676 13565-905 São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Roberto Aguado
- University of the Basque Country Department of Chemical Engineering P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
| | - Martin Olazar
- University of the Basque Country Department of Chemical Engineering P.O. Box 644 48080 Bilbao Spain
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Zhao Y, Zou Z, Wang J, Li H, Zhu Q. CFD simulation of solids residence time distribution for scaling up gas‐solid bubbling fluidized bed reactors based on the modified structure‐based drag model. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Multi‐phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Multi‐phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Junwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multi‐phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multi‐phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qingshan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Multi‐phase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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Lan B, Xu J, Zhao P, Zou Z, Zhu Q, Wang J. Long-time coarse-grained CFD-DEM simulation of residence time distribution of polydisperse particles in a continuously operated multiple-chamber fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation of the full-loop gas-solid hydrodynamics in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Yang S, Wang S. Shape Effect of the Riser Cross Section on the Full-Loop Hydrodynamics of a Three-Dimensional Circulating Fluidized Bed. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5784-5795. [PMID: 32226858 PMCID: PMC7097897 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, numerical simulation is carried out in a three-dimensional full-loop pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed to explore the shape effect of the riser cross section on the typical flow characteristics of the bed via the multiphase particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) method. The gas and solid phases are modeled with the large eddy simulation and Newton's law of motion in the Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks, respectively. The proposed model has been well validated with experimental data, followed by evaluating the typical core-annulus structure and the nonuniformity of the solid phase distributed along the radial and axial directions of the riser. Then, the particle-scale information of the solid phase distributed in different parts of the system is explored. The results demonstrate that (i) the square riser gives rise to a higher solid inventory in the standpipe owing to the stronger circulation intensity; (ii) the thickness of the solid back-mixing layer reduces along the riser height; the solid back-mixing tends to concentrate in the four corners, while it is not obvious near the sidewalls of the square riser; and (iii) nonuniform distribution of the particle-scale information of the solid phase (e.g., mass, flux, drag force, and slip velocity) can be observed. The square riser gives rise to comparatively more uniform axial mass distribution, a larger rising solid flux, larger horizontal transportation velocity between the core and annulus regions, and a larger horizontal dispersion coefficient in the riser, as compared with the corresponding ones in the circular riser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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3D CPFD Simulation of Circulating Fluidized Bed Downer and Riser: Comparisons of Flow Structure and Solids Back-Mixing Behavior. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference of gas-solids flow between a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) downer and riser was compared by computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) approach. The comparison was conducted under the same operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrated that the downer showed much more uniform solids holdup and solids velocity distribution compared with the riser. The radial non-uniformity index of the solids holdup in the riser was over 10 times than that in the downer. In addition, small clusters tended to be present in the whole downer, large clusters tended to be present near the wall in riser. It was found that the different cluster behavior is important in determining the different flow behaviors of solids in the downer and riser. While the particle residence time increased evenly along the downward direction in the downer, particles with both shorter and longer residence time were predicted in the whole riser. The nearly vertical cumulative residence time distribution (RTD) curve in the downer further demonstrated that the solids back-mixing in the downer is limited while that in the riser is severe. Solids turbulence in the downer was much weaker compared with the riser, while the large clusters formation near the wall in the riser would hinder solids transportation ability.
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Jiang Y, Li F, Ge W, Wang W. EMMS-based solid stress model for the multiphase particle-in-cell method. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Hua L, Zhao H, Li J, Zhu Q, Wang J. Solid residence time distribution in a cross-flow dense fluidized bed with baffles. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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CFD-DEM study of the effect of ring baffles on system performance of a full-loop circulating fluidized bed. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Kong W, Baeyens J, Flamant G, Tan T, Zhang H. Solids Flow in a “Particle-in-Tube” Concentrated Solar Heat Absorber. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Kong
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 15th North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China
| | - Jan Baeyens
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre of Soft Matter and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Gilles Flamant
- PROMES-CNRS, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Font Romeu, France
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 15th North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, 15th North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, China
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Wang S, Luo K, Hu C, Sun L, Fan J. Effect of superficial gas velocity on solid behaviors in a full-loop CFB. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Experimental and numerical assessment of the hydraulic behavior of a pilot-scale Periodic Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (PABR). Comput Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Wu Y, Peng L, Qin L, Wang M, Gao J, Lan X. Validation and application of CPFD models in simulating hydrodynamics and reactions in riser reactor with Geldart A particles. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Simulation of gas–solid flow characteristics in a circulating fluidized bed based on a computational particle fluid dynamics model. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Upadhyay M, Park HC, Hwang JG, Choi HS, Jang HN, Seo YC. Computational particle-fluid dynamics simulation of gas-solid flow in a circulating fluidized bed with air or O 2 /CO 2 as fluidizing gas. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Nikolopoulos A, Stroh A, Zeneli M, Alobaid F, Nikolopoulos N, Ströhle J, Karellas S, Epple B, Grammelis P. Numerical investigation and comparison of coarse grain CFD – DEM and TFM in the case of a 1 MW th fluidized bed carbonator simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Ariyaratne WH, Ratnayake C, Melaaen MC. Application of the MP-PIC method for predicting pneumatic conveying characteristics of dilute phase flows. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Yoo H, Moon H, Choi S, Park YK, Cho HH. Effect of the jet direction of gas nozzle on the residence time distribution of solids in circulating fluidized bed risers. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Shah MT, Utikar RP, Pareek VK, Evans GM, Joshi JB. Computational fluid dynamic modelling of FCC riser: A review. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Effects of the riser exit geometries on the hydrodynamics and solids back-mixing in CFB risers: 3D simulation using CPFD approach. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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