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Miller J, Nimlos CT, Li Y, Young AC, Ciesielski PN, Chapman LM, Foust TD, Mukarakate C. Risk Minimization in Scale-Up of Biomass and Waste Carbon Upgrading Processes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:666-679. [PMID: 38239432 PMCID: PMC10792666 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c06231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Improving the odds and pace of successful biomass and waste carbon utilization technology scale-up is crucial to decarbonizing key industries such as aviation and materials within timelines required to meet global climate goals. In this perspective, we review deficiencies commonly encountered during scale-up to show that many nascent technology developers place too much focus on simply demonstrating that technologies work in progressively larger units ("profit") without expending enough up-front research effort to identify and derisk roadblocks to commercialization (collecting "information") to inform the design of these units. We combine this conclusion with economic and timeline data collected from technology scale-up and piloting operations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to motivate a more scientific, risk-minimized approach to biomass and waste carbon upgrading scale-up. Our proposed approach emphasizes maximizing information collection in the smallest, most agile, and least expensive experimental setups possible, emulating the mentality embraced by R&D across the petrochemical industry. Key points are supported by examples of successful and unsuccessful scale-up efforts undertaken at NREL and elsewhere. We close by showing that the U.S. national laboratory system is uniquely well equipped to serve as a hub to facilitate effective scale-up of promising biomass and waste carbon upgrading technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob
H. Miller
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Claire T. Nimlos
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yudong Li
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew C. Young
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Peter N. Ciesielski
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Liz M. Chapman
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas D. Foust
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Calvin Mukarakate
- Catalytic
Carbon Transformation and Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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The CREC Fluidized Riser Simulator a Unique Tool for Catalytic Process Development. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CREC Riser Simulator is a mini-fluidized bench scale unit invented and implemented in 1992, at the CREC (Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre), University of Western Ontario The CREC Riser Simulator can be operated at short reaction times, in the 3 s to 20 s range. The present review describes and evaluates the original basic concept of the 1992-CREC Riser Simulator Unit, and the improved design of the 2019-CREC Riser Simulator. Both the initial and the enhanced units are specially engineered to allow the rigorous assessment of both catalyst performance and catalytic reaction kinetics. Kinetic parameters of relatively simple and accurate mathematical models can be calculated using experimental data from the CREC Riser Simulator. Since its inception in 1992, the CREC Riser Simulator has been licensed to and manufactured for a significant number of universities and companies around the world. Several examples of scenarios where the CREC Riser Simulator can be employed to develop fluidized bed catalytic and heterogeneous reactor simulations are reported in this review. Among others, they include (a) hydrocarbon catalytic cracking, (b) the catalytic conversion of tar derived biomass chemical species, (c) steam and dry catalytic methane reforming, (d) the catalytic oxydehydrogenation of light paraffins, (e) the catalytic desulfurization of gasoline, and (f) biomass derived syngas combustion via chemical looping. In this review, special emphasis is given to the application of the CREC Riser Simulator to TIPB (tri-iso-propyl-benzene) catalytic cracking and the light paraffins catalytic oxydehydrogenation (PODH).
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Anderson SD, Kreitz B, Turek T, Wehinger GD. Assessment of Concentration and Temperature Distribution in a Berty Reactor for an Exothermic Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Anderson
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany
| | - Bjarne Kreitz
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Thomas Turek
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany
| | - Gregor D. Wehinger
- Institute of Chemical and Electrochemical Process Engineering, Clausthal University of Technology, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 38678, Germany
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Witt PM, Hickman DA. Fluidized‐Bed Reactor Scale‐Up: Reaction Kinetics Required. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Witt
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company Midland MI
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Ahmed I, de Lasa H. Syngas chemical looping combustion using a highly performing fluidizable oxygen carrier. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ahmed I, de Lasa H. CO2 Capture Using Chemical Looping Combustion from a Biomass-Derived Syngas Feedstock: Simulation of a Riser–Downer Scaled-Up Unit. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmed
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hugo de Lasa
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC), Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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Ahmed I, de Lasa H. 110th Anniversary: Kinetic Model for Syngas Chemical Looping Combustion Using a Nickel-Based Highly Performing Fluidizable Oxygen Carrier. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ahmed
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC), Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario (UWO), 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hugo de Lasa
- Chemical Reactor Engineering Centre (CREC), Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario (UWO), 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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Rostom S, de Lasa HI. Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation Using Consecutive Feed Injections and Fluidizable VOx/γAl2O3 and VOx/ZrO2–γAl2O3 Catalysts. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugo I. de Lasa
- Chemical
Reactor Engineering Centre, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
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