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Felder-Schmittbuhl MP, Hicks D, Ribelayga CP, Tosini G. Melatonin in the mammalian retina: Synthesis, mechanisms of action and neuroprotection. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12951. [PMID: 38572848 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is an important player in the regulation of many physiological functions within the body and in the retina. Melatonin synthesis in the retina primarily occurs during the night and its levels are low during the day. Retinal melatonin is primarily synthesized by the photoreceptors, but whether the synthesis occurs in the rods and/or cones is still unclear. Melatonin exerts its influence by binding to G protein-coupled receptors named melatonin receptor type 1 (MT1) and type 2 (MT2). MT1 and MT2 receptors activate a wide variety of signaling pathways and both receptors are present in the vertebrate photoreceptors where they may form MT1/MT2 heteromers (MT1/2h). Studies in rodents have shown that melatonin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of retinal dopamine levels, rod/cone coupling as well as the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram. In addition, melatonin may play an important role in protecting photoreceptors from oxidative stress and can protect photoreceptors from apoptosis. Critically, melatonin signaling is involved in the modulation of photoreceptor viability during aging and other studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Hence melatonin may represent a useful tool in the fight to protect photoreceptors-and other retinal cells-against degeneration due to aging or diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hicks
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (UPR 3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe P Ribelayga
- Department of Vision Sciences, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gianluca Tosini
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Mueller A, Lam I, Kishor K, Lee RK, Bhattacharya S. Secondary glaucoma: Toward interventions based on molecular underpinnings. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1628. [PMID: 37669762 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of progressive diseases that leads to irreversible blindness. Secondary glaucoma refers to glaucoma caused by a known underlying condition. Pseudoexfoliation and pigment dispersion syndromes are common causes of secondary glaucoma. Their respective deposits may obstruct the trabecular meshwork, leading to aqueous humor outflow resistance, ocular hypertension, and optic neuropathy. There are no disease-specific interventions available for either. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by fibrillar deposits (pseudoexfoliative material) on anterior segment structures. Over a decade of multiomics analyses taken together with the current knowledge on pseudoexfoliative glaucoma warrant a re-think of mechanistic possibilities. We propose that the presence of nucleation centers (e.g., vitamin D binding protein), crosslinking enzymes (e.g., transglutaminase 2), aberrant extracellular matrix, flawed endocytosis, and abnormal aqueous-blood barrier contribute to the formation of proteolytically resistant pseudoexfoliative material. Pigment dispersion syndrome is characterized by abnormal iridolenticular contact that disrupts iris pigment epithelium and liberates melanin granules. Iris melanogenesis is aberrant in this condition. Cytotoxic melanogenesis intermediates leak out of melanosomes and cause iris melanocyte and pigment epithelium cell death. Targeting melanogenesis can likely decrease the risk of pigmentary glaucoma. Skin and melanoma research provides insights into potential therapeutics. We propose that specific prostanoid agonists and fenofibrates may reduce melanogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol internalization and de novo synthesis. Additionally, melatonin is a potent melanogenesis suppressor, antioxidant, and hypotensive agent, rendering it a valuable agent for pigmentary glaucoma. In pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, where environmental insults drive pseudoexfoliative material formation, melatonin's antioxidant and hypotensive properties may offer adjunct therapeutic benefits. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mueller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Isabel Lam
- Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, Idaho, USA
| | - Krishna Kishor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sanjoy Bhattacharya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Integrative Metabolomics Research Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Pavlyshyn Н, Sarapuk I, Kozak K. The relationship of melatonin concentration in preterm infants and adverse outcomes in the late neonatal period. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2023; 33:010706. [PMID: 36627976 PMCID: PMC9807238 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2023.010706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of research was to assess the melatonin concentrations in the early neonatal period as a predictor of adverse outcomes of late neonatal period in preterm infants and to estimate its optimal predictive cut-off values. Materials and methods A total of 115 preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were screened for eligibility, five did not meet the criteria, six parents declined the participation. So, a total of 104 preterm infants with gestational age 25-34 weeks were included in research. The concentration of melatonin in urine was determined by the Enzyme Immunoassay method (Human Melatonin Sulfate ELISA kit, Elabscience, China). The Mann-Whitney U-test and analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used in statistical analysis. Results Analysis of the ROC curves has revealed optimal cut-off values for urinary melatonin concentration to predict late outcomes. Melatonin concentration below 3.58 ng/ml with sensitivity of 72% can predict development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (AUC = 0.73; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.61-0.86). Good diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.80; 95% CI 0.67-0.93) has been shown for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The optimal cut-off value for melatonin concentration in BPD prediction is 3.71 ng/ml (sensitivity 80%, specificity 64%). Urinary melatonin concentration below 3.79 ng/ml can be associated with late-onset sepsis (AUC = 0.76; 95% CI 0.64-0.87; sensitivity 72%; specificity 62%). There were no significant associations between melatonin concentration and necrotizing enterocolitis (P = 0.912). Conclusion Urinary melatonin concentration below the certain cut-off values in the early neonatal period may serve as one of the predictors of adverse outcomes such as BPD, ROP, and late-onset sepsis in the late neonatal period in preterm infants.
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El-Sayed MA, Ibrahim NS, Assi HAEM, El-Gawad MA, Mohammed WS, Ibrahim MA, Mesalam NM, Abdel-Moneim AE. Utilization of Biotechnology, Neurotransmitter and Cytogenetic Indices in Selecting Pigeon Breeds. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - HAEM Assi
- Animal Production Research Institute, Egypt
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5
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Qian KW, Li YY, Wu XH, Gong X, Liu AL, Chen WH, Yang Z, Cui LJ, Liu YF, Ma YY, Yu CX, Huang F, Wang Q, Zhou X, Qu J, Zhong YM, Yang XL, Weng SJ. Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:992-1006. [PMID: 35349094 PMCID: PMC9468212 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced levels of retinal dopamine, a key regulator of eye development, are associated with experimental myopia in various species, but are not seen in the myopic eyes of C57BL/6 mice, which are deficient in melatonin, a neurohormone having extensive interactions with dopamine. Here, we examined the relationship between form-deprivation myopia (FDM) and retinal dopamine levels in melatonin-proficient CBA/CaJ mice. We found that these mice exhibited a myopic refractive shift in form-deprived eyes, which was accompanied by altered retinal dopamine levels. When melatonin receptors were pharmacologically blocked, FDM could still be induced, but its magnitude was reduced, and retinal dopamine levels were no longer altered in FDM animals, indicating that melatonin-related changes in retinal dopamine levels contribute to FDM. Thus, FDM is mediated by both dopamine level-independent and melatonin-related dopamine level-dependent mechanisms in CBA/CaJ mice. The previously reported unaltered retinal dopamine levels in myopic C57BL/6 mice may be attributed to melatonin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Discipline of Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wen-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling-Jie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen-Xi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Furong Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qiongsi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lassmann Ł, Pollis M, Żółtowska A, Manfredini D. Gut Bless Your Pain—Roles of the Gut Microbiota, Sleep, and Melatonin in Chronic Orofacial Pain and Depression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071528. [PMID: 35884835 PMCID: PMC9313154 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Increased attention has been paid to the gut–brain axis recently, but little is known so far regarding how this translates into pain susceptibility. Aim. The aim of this review is to determine whether gastroenterological disorders and sleep disorders (directly or indirectly) contribute to an increased susceptibility to depression and chronic orofacial pain. Method. A search was performed in the U.S. National Library of Medicine (PubMed) database in order to find studies published before 19 December 2021. We used the following terms: gut microbiome, OR sleep quality, OR melatonin, OR GERD, OR IBS, AND: depression OR chronic pain, in different configurations. Only papers in English were selected. Given the large number of papers retrieved in the search, their findings were described and organized narratively. Results. A link exists between sleep disorders and gastroenterological disorders, which, by adversely affecting the psyche and increasing inflammation, disturb the metabolism of tryptophan and cause excessive microglial activation, leading to increased susceptibility to pain sensation and depression. Conclusions. Pain therapists should pay close attention to sleep and gastrointestinal disorders in patients with chronic pain and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Lassmann
- Dental Sense Medicover, 80-283 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Pollis
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.P.); (D.M.)
| | - Agata Żółtowska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Daniele Manfredini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.P.); (D.M.)
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7
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Chen S, Zhong H, Mei G. Stable abnormalities of contrast discrimination sensitivity in subthreshold depression: A longitudinal study. Psych J 2022; 11:194-204. [PMID: 35168295 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subthreshold depression (StD), as a subclinical state, is highly prevalent and increases the risk for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Although several studies have reported deficits of contrast sensitivity in MDD patients, it is unclear whether individuals with StD could demonstrate deficits of contrast sensitivity and whether the deficits could remain stable over time. Here we used a contrast discrimination task (a suprathreshold task) and a contrast detection task (a near-threshold task) to compare contrast sensitivity of the StD group with that of matched non-depressed controls. For each task, a spatial four-alternative forced-choice method and a psychophysical QUEST procedure were used to measure contrast discrimination threshold or contrast detection threshold. Participants performed an initial assessment and a follow-up assessment 4 months later. Compared to the non-depressed controls, individuals with StD demonstrated reduced contrast discrimination sensitivity, not only at the initial assessment but also at the follow-up assessment, indicating a stable abnormality. Contrast discrimination thresholds at the initial assessment did not predict changes of depression symptom severity over time. For contrast detection sensitivity, there was no significant difference between the StD group and non-depressed controls. We concluded that contrast discrimination testing might provide a trait-dependent biomarker for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Education, Guiyang Ninth High School, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Zhong
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gaoxing Mei
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Effects of Daily Melatonin Supplementation on Visual Loss, Circadian Rhythms, and Hepatic Oxidative Damage in a Rodent Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111853. [PMID: 34829724 PMCID: PMC8614953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases characterized by a progressive loss of visual function that primarily affect photoreceptors, resulting in the complete disorganization and remodeling of the retina. Progression of the disease is enhanced by increased oxidative stress in the retina, aqueous humor, plasma, and liver of RP animal models and patients. Melatonin has beneficial effects against age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, in which oxidative stress plays a key role. In the present study, we used the P23HxLE rat as an animal model of RP. Melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg b.w. daily in drinking water for 6 months) improved the parameters of visual function and decreased the rate of desynchronization of the circadian rhythm, both in P23HxLE and wild-type rats. Melatonin reduced oxidative stress and increased antioxidant defenses in P23HxLE animals. In wild-type animals, melatonin did not modify any of the oxidative stress markers analyzed and reduced the levels of total antioxidant defenses. Treatment with melatonin improved visual function, circadian synchronization, and hepatic oxidative stress in P23HxLE rats, an RP model, and had beneficial effects against age-related visual damage in wild-type rats.
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9
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Ren BC, Zhang W, Zhang W, Ma JX, Pei F, Li BY. Melatonin attenuates aortic oxidative stress injury and apoptosis in STZ-diabetes rats by Notch1/Hes1 pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 212:105948. [PMID: 34224859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress injury is an important link in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and reducing oxidative stress damage caused by long-term hyperglycemia is an important diabetic treatment strategy. Melatonin has been proved to be a free radical scavenger with strong antioxidant activity, and its protective effect on diabetes and the complications has been confirmed. However, the role and potential mechanism of melatonin in oxidative stress injury of diabetic aorta have not been reported. Besides, Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in vascular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We speculated that melatonin could improve oxidative stress injury of diabetic aorta through Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway. STZ-induced diabetic rats and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured with high glucose were treated with or without melatonin, melatonin receptor antagonist Luzindole, γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT respectively. We found that melatonin could improve the oxidative stress injury of diabetic aorta and reduce the apoptosis of VSMCs. Interestingly, melatonin could activate Notch1 signaling pathway, play an antioxidant role, and reduce the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. However, these protective effects could be largely eliminated by Luzindole or DAPT. We concluded that the repression of Notch1 signaling pathway would inhibit the repair of oxidative stress injury in diabetes. Melatonin could ameliorate oxidative stress injury and apoptosis of diabetic aorta by activating Notch1/Hes1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Cheng Ren
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, ShenZhen, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fei Pei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Bu-Ying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi`an, Shaanxi, China.
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Shi Y, Ye L, Chen Q, Hu G, Yin Y, Fan Y, Zhu J, He J, Zheng Z, Zou H, Xu X. Macular Vessel Density Changes in Young Adults With High Myopia: A Longitudinal Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:648644. [PMID: 34169082 PMCID: PMC8217628 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.648644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To characterize the longitudinal changes of macular vessel density in young adults and its associated factors. Methods: The right eyes of 309 participants (75 high myopic, 194 mild-to-moderate myopic, and 40 healthy) were followed up for 21 months. OCTA images were acquired at two visits using follow-up scans. Macular vessel density was calculated globally and in the nine early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) subfields of the macula superficial layer. Results: The macular vessel density significantly decreased in young myopes after a 21-month follow up (p < 0.05), with variations among sectors. Compared with healthy eyes, HM group exhibited a faster reduction in global macular vessel density (p = 0.0307) as well as in sectors of inner-inferior (II), inner-temporal (IT), and outer-temporal (OT) (all p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that longer baseline axial length (AL) was significantly associated with larger reduction of macular vessel density in the inner-inferior, inner-temporal and outer-temporal sectors (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Compared with emmetropes, high myopes presented greater loss of macular vessel density over time in global and in the inner-inferior, inner-temporal and outer-temporal sectors. A longer baseline AL was associated with larger changes of macular vessel density in the inner-inferior, inner-temporal and outer-temporal sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyi Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yin
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangnan He
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ostrin LA. Ocular and systemic melatonin and the influence of light exposure. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 102:99-108. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Ostrin
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas, USA,
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12
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Széll N, Fehér T, Maróti Z, Kalmár T, Latinovics D, Nagy I, Orosz ZZ, Janáky M, Facskó A, Sohajda Z. Myopia-26, the female-limited form of early-onset high myopia, occurring in a European family. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:45. [PMID: 33482870 PMCID: PMC7825233 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Female-limited early-onset high myopia, also called Myopia-26 is a rare monogenic disorder characterized by severe short sightedness starting in early childhood and progressing to blindness potentially by the middle ages. Despite the X-linked locus of the mutated ARR3 gene, the disease paradoxically affects females only, with males being asymptomatic carriers. Previously, this disease has only been observed in Asian families and has not gone through detailed investigation concerning collateral symptoms or pathogenesis. Results We found a large Hungarian family displaying female-limited early-onset high myopia. Whole exome sequencing of two individuals identified a novel nonsense mutation (c.214C>T, p.Arg72*) in the ARR3 gene. We carried out basic ophthalmological testing for 18 family members, as well as detailed ophthalmological examination (intraocular pressure, axial length, fundus appearance, optical coherence tomography, visual field- testing) as well as colour vision- and electrophysiology tests (standard and multifocal electroretinography, pattern electroretinography and visual evoked potentials) for eight individuals. Ophthalmological examinations did not reveal any signs of cone dystrophy as opposed to animal models. Electrophysiology and colour vision tests similarly did not evidence a general cone system alteration, rather a central macular dysfunction affecting both the inner and outer (postreceptoral and receptoral) retinal structures in all patients with ARR3 mutation. Conclusions This is the first description of a Caucasian family displaying Myopia-26. We present two hypotheses that could potentially explain the pathomechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Széll
- Kenézy Gyula University Hospital, Debrecen Medical University, Debrecen, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Fehér
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Maróti
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kalmár
- Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - István Nagy
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.,Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd, Mórahalom, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Z Orosz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márta Janáky
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Facskó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sohajda
- Kenézy Gyula University Hospital, Debrecen Medical University, Debrecen, Hungary. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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13
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Sheng W, Weng S, Li F, Zhang Y, He Q, Sheng W, Fu Y, Yan H, Liu K. Immunohistological Localization of Mel1a Melatonin Receptor in Pigeon Retina. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:113-121. [PMID: 33574722 PMCID: PMC7872906 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s290757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a significant indoleamine neuromodulator implicated in circadian rhythms and sleep patterns, regulates diverse rhythmic functions via activating its high-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors. However, the detailed cellular expression of the Mel1a receptor in the retina is still a research gap. METHODS The expression of the Mel1a receptor in pigeon retina was assessed using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. The cellular localization of the Mel1a receptor was studied using double immunofluorescent staining and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS Our data suggested that the Mel1a receptor was extensively expressed in the outer segment of Rho4D2-labeled rod and L/M-opsin-labeled red/green cone and in the somata of the CB-labeled horizontal cell, TH-labeled dopaminergic amacrine cell, ChAT-labeled cholinergic amacrine cell, PV-labeled AII amacrine cell, Brn3a-labeled conventional ganglion cell, melanopsin-containing ganglion cell and CRALBP-labeled Müller glial cell. In addition, the Mel1a receptor was diffusely distributed throughout the full thickness of the inner plexiform layer. However, the outer segment of S-opsin-labeled blue cone, the somata of ChX-10-labeled bipolar cell and outer plexiform layer seemed to lack immunoreactivity of the Mel1a receptor. CONCLUSION The finding that multiple types of retinal cells express the Mel1a receptor provides a new neurobiological basis for the participation of melatonin in the regulation of retinal functions through activating the Mel1a receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Shandong Science and Technology Exchange Center, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyue Yan
- Shandong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
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14
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Shahriari M, Mehrzadi S, Naseripour M, Fatemi I, Hosseinzadeh A, Kanavi MR, Ghaznavi H. Beneficial Effects of Melatonin and Atorvastatin on Retinopathy in Streptozocin-induced Diabetic Rats. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885514666191204104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Atorvastatin (ATO)
plus Melatonin (MEL) on streptozocin-induced Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in rats.
Methods:
Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin
(50 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (8 rats/group): Control
group, Diabetic group, Diabetic + MEL group (20 mg/kg/day), Diabetic + ATO group (10
mg/kg/day), Diabetic + MEL + ATO group (as above). Treatments were started one week after
induction of diabetes and continued for 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, angiography was
performed and the rats were killed and retinas were harvested for pathological and molecular examinations.
Results:
Administration of MEL reduced the fluorescein leakage, MDA and ROS levels compared
to diabetic group. Treatment with ATO only reduced ROS levels compared to diabetic group. In
addition, administration of ATO plus MEL decreased these indices compared to the diabetic and
ATO groups. Histologically, retinal vascular congestion was not observed in the combined ATO
and MEL group as compared to the diabetic, ATO, and MEL groups.
Conclusion:
These data provide evidence for the therapeutic value of MEL in combination with
ATO in clinical practice for prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masood Naseripour
- Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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15
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Cosker E, Schwan R, Angioi-Duprez K, Laprévote V, Schwitzer T. New insights on the role of the retina in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in major depressive disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:262-272. [PMID: 32147530 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects people worldwide. MDD treatments include antidepressants, which involve a delayed onset of action, long-term treatment, side effects and, frequently, only partial efficacy. The lack of access to the living brain, and the complex and still poorly elucidated pathophysiology of MDD, hinders treatment development. There is not only a need for new treatment strategies, but also for new approaches to investigating the pathophysiology of MDD. Light therapy is a well-established treatment acting through the retina. Since the retina is part of the central nervous system, it has been suggested as a useful area for investigating mental illness. In this article, we will first set out the evidence that MDD affects the retina's structure and function. We will then review studies evaluating the efficacy of light therapy in unipolar non-seasonal MDD. Finally, we discuss the disruption of melatoninergic pathways in MDD, its assessment through the retina and the treatment of this disruption with light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Cosker
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire De Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie Du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique De Nancy, Laxou, France; INSERM U1114, Fédération De Médecine Translationnelle De Strasbourg, Pôle De Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raymund Schwan
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire De Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie Du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique De Nancy, Laxou, France; INSERM U1114, Fédération De Médecine Translationnelle De Strasbourg, Pôle De Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Vincent Laprévote
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire De Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie Du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique De Nancy, Laxou, France; INSERM U1114, Fédération De Médecine Translationnelle De Strasbourg, Pôle De Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Schwitzer
- Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire De Psychiatrie d'Adultes et d'Addictologie Du Grand Nancy, Centre Psychothérapique De Nancy, Laxou, France; INSERM U1114, Fédération De Médecine Translationnelle De Strasbourg, Pôle De Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire De Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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16
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Ma N, Zhang J, Reiter RJ, Ma X. Melatonin mediates mucosal immune cells, microbial metabolism, and rhythm crosstalk: A therapeutic target to reduce intestinal inflammation. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:606-632. [PMID: 31420885 DOI: 10.1002/med.21628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, melatonin, previously considered only as a pharmaceutical product for rhythm regulation and sleep aiding, has shown its potential as a co-adjuvant treatment in intestinal diseases, however, its mechanism is still not very clear. A firm connection between melatonin at a physiologically relevant concentration and the gut microbiota and inflammation has recently established. Herein, we summarize their crosstalk and focus on four novelties. First, how melatonin is synthesized and degraded in the gut and exerts potentially diverse phenotypic effects through its diverse metabolites. Second, how melatonin mediates the activation and proliferation of intestinal mucosal immune cells with paracrine and autocrine properties. By modulating T/B cells, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, melatonin immunomodulatory involved in regulating T-cell differentiation, intervening T/B cell interaction and attenuating the production of pro-inflammatory factors, achieving its antioxidant action via specific receptors. Third, how melatonin exerts antimicrobial action and modulates microbial components, such as lipopolysaccharide, amyloid-β peptides via nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) or signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1) pathway to modulate intestinal immune function in immune-pineal axis. The last, how melatonin mediates the effect of intestinal bacterial activity signals on the body rhythm system through the NF-κB pathway and influences the mucosal epithelium oscillation via clock gene expression. These processes are achieved at mitochondrial and nuclear levels to control the host immune cell development. Considering unclear mechanisms and undiscovered actions of melatonin in gut-microbiome-immune axis, it's time to reveal them and provide new insight for the outlook of melatonin as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment and management of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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17
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Li C, Tian Y, Yao A, Zha X, Zhang J, Tao Y. Intravitreal Delivery of Melatonin Is Protective Against the Photoreceptor Loss in Mice: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Degenerative Retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1633. [PMID: 32116667 PMCID: PMC7028754 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a circadian hormone with potent cytoprotective effects. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a heterogeneous group of inherent retinopathies that characterized by the photoreceptor death in bilateral eyes. The N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) administered mouse is a type of chemically induced RP model with rapid progressive rate. We intend to study the melatonin mediated effects on the MNU administered mice. Melatonin was delivered into the vitreous body of the MNU administered mice. Subsequently, the melatonin treated mice were subjected to histological analysis, optokinetic behavior tests, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and electroretinogram (ERG) examination. Multi-electrodes array (MEA) was used to analyze the status of visual signal transmission within retinal circuits. Biochemical analysis was performed to quantify the expression levels of antioxidative enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic factors in the retinas. The intravitreal injection of melatonin ameliorated effectively the MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration. Melatonin therapy mitigated the spontaneous firing response, and preserved the basic configurations of visual signal pathway in MNU administered mice. MEA is effective to evaluate the pharmacological effects on retina. Of note, the cone photoreceptors in degenerative retinas were rescued efficiently by melatonin therapy. Melatonin afforded these protective effects by modulating the apoptotic cascades and alleviating the oxidative stress. These findings suggest that melatonin could act as an alternative treatment for degenerative retinopathy. Melatonin might be used in combination with other therapeutic approaches to alleviate the photoreceptor loss and preserve the visual function of RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anhui Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Zha
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Reyes-Resina I, Awad Alkozi H, del Ser-Badia A, Sánchez-Naves J, Lillo J, Jiménez J, Pintor J, Navarro G, Franco R. Expression of Melatonin and Dopamine D 3 Receptor Heteromers in Eye Ciliary Body Epithelial Cells and Negative Correlation with Ocular Hypertension. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010152. [PMID: 31936298 PMCID: PMC7016594 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiments in the late nineties showed an inverse relationship in the eye levels of melatonin and dopamine, thereby constituting an example of eye parameters that are prone to circadian variations. The underlying mechanisms are not known but these relevant molecules act via specific cell surface dopamine and melatonin receptors. This study investigated whether these receptors formed heteromers whose function impact on eye physiology. We performed biophysical assays to identify interactions in heterologous systems. Particular heteromer functionality was detected using Gi coupling, MAPK activation, and label-free assays. The expression of the heteroreceptor complexes was assessed using proximity ligation assays in cells producing the aqueous humor and human eye samples. Dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) were identified in eye ciliary body epithelial cells. We discovered heteromers formed by D3R and either MT1 (MT1R) or MT2 (MT2R) melatonin receptors. Heteromerization led to the blockade of D3R-Gi coupling and regulation of signaling to the MAPK pathway. Heteromer expression was negatively correlated with intraocular hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Heteromers likely mediate melatonin and dopamine actions in structures regulating intraocular pressure. Significant expression of D3R-MT1R and D3R-MT1R was associated with normotensive conditions, whereas expression diminished in a cell model of hypertension. A clear trend of expression reduction was observed in samples from glaucoma cases. The trend was marked but no statistical analysis was possible as the number of available eyes was 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Reyes-Resina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neuroplasticity Research Group, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (I.R.-R.); (G.N.); or (R.F.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (I.R.-R. & G.N.)
| | - Hanan Awad Alkozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Anna del Ser-Badia
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
- Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Naves
- Department of Ophthalmology, Balearic Islands Institute of Ophthalmology, 07013 Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jasmina Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
| | - Jesús Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (H.A.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08027 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.R.-R.); (G.N.); or (R.F.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (I.R.-R. & G.N.)
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, CiberNed, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.d.S.-B.); (J.J.)
- School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.R.-R.); (G.N.); or (R.F.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (I.R.-R. & G.N.)
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Sheng W, Jin M, Pan G, Weng S, Sik A, Han L, Liu K. Cellular localization of melatonin receptor Mel1b in pigeon retina. Neuropeptides 2019; 78:101974. [PMID: 31645269 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an important neuromodulator involved in circadian rhythms, modulates a series of physiological processes via activating its specific receptors, namely Mel1a (MT1), Mel1b (MT2) and Mel1c receptors. In this work, the localization of Mel1b receptor was studied in pigeon retina using double immunohistochemistry staining and confocal scanning microscopy. Our results showed that Mel1b receptor widely existed in the outer segment of photoreceptors and in the somata of dopaminergic amacrine cells, cholinergic amacrine cells, glycinergic AII amacrine cells, conventional ganglion cells and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, while horizontal cells, bipolar cells and Müller glial cells seemed to lack immunoreactivity of Mel1b receptor. That multiple types of retinal cells expressing Mel1b receptor suggests melatonin may directly modulate the activities of retina via activating Mel1b receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Ge Pan
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Attila Sik
- Institute of Transdisciplinary Discoveries, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Liwen Han
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
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20
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Alkozi HA, Navarro G, Franco R, Pintor J. Melatonin and the control of intraocular pressure. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100798. [PMID: 31560946 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is not only synthesized by the pineal gland but by several ocular structures. This natural indoleamine is of great importance for regulating several eye processes, among which pressure homeostasis is included. Glaucoma, the most prevalent eye disease, also known as the silent thief of vision, is a multifactorial pathology that is associated to age and, often, to intraocular hypertension (IOP). Indeed IOP is the only modifiable risk factor and as such medications are available to control it; however, novel medications are sought to minimize undesirable side effects. Melatonin and analogues decrease IOP in both normotensive and hypertensive eyes. Melatonin activates its cognate membrane receptors, MT1 and MT2, which are present in numerous ocular tissues, including the aqueous-humor-producing ciliary processes. Melatonin receptors belong to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors and their activation would lead to different signalling pathways depending on the tissue. This review describes the molecular mechanisms underlying differential functionalities that are attributed to melatonin receptors. Accordingly, the current work highlights the important role of melatonin and its analogues in the healthy and in the glaucomatous eyes, with special attention to the control of intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad Alkozi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Juan XXIII, 27, 08027, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegeneratives (CiberNed), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, School of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jesus Pintor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia, Calle Farmacia 11, 28004, Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Mehrzadi S, Motevalian M, Rezaei Kanavi M, Fatemi I, Ghaznavi H, Shahriari M. Protective effect of melatonin in the diabetic rat retina. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 32:414-421. [PMID: 29495082 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin (MEL) on retinal injury in diabetic rats. In this study, 21 rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic + MEL. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes at a dose of 50 mg/kg, i.p., and blood glucose was measured to choose the diabetic rats for the study. MEL (20 mg/kg) was given orally for 7 weeks in diabetic rats starting 1 week after induction of diabetes. After 8 weeks, the groups were compared in terms of mean scores of fluorescein leakage, using fluorescein angiography. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated in retina using commercially available assays. Structural changes in retinas were evaluated by light microscopy. Results showed that diabetes significantly increased the mean scores of fluorescein leakage, and MDA and ROS levels compared to control group. Treatment of the diabetic rats with MEL for 7 weeks prevented the alterations induced by diabetes in comparison with the diabetic control group.Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MEL might have beneficial effects in prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8813457776, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8812519894, Iran
| | - Iman Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran.,Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, 7719617996, Iran
| | - Habib Ghaznavi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, 4537619851, Iran
| | - Mansoor Shahriari
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 8814523979, Iran
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22
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Ramasamy S, Sharma S, Iyengar BR, Vellarikkal SK, Sivasubbu S, Maiti S, Pillai B. Identification of novel circadian transcripts in the zebrafish retina. J Exp Biol 2018; 222:jeb.192195. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.192195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
High fecundity, transparent embryos for monitoring the rapid development of organs and the availability of a well-annotated genome has made zebrafish a model organism of choice for developmental biology and neurobiology. This vertebrate model, a favourite in chronobiology studies, shows striking circadian rhythmicity in behaviour. Here, we identify novel genes in the zebrafish genome, which are expressed in the zebrafish retina. We further resolve the expression pattern over time and tentatively assign specific novel transcripts to retinal bipolar cells of the inner nuclear layer. Using chemical ablation and free run experiments we segregate the transcripts that are rhythmic when entrained by light from those that show sustained oscillations in the absence of external cues. The transcripts reported here with rigorous annotation and specific functions in circadian biology provide the groundwork for functional characterisation of novel players in the zebrafish retinal clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundhar Ramasamy
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Bharat Ravi Iyengar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Souvik Maiti
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Beena Pillai
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
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23
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Dehdashtian E, Mehrzadi S, Yousefi B, Hosseinzadeh A, Reiter RJ, Safa M, Ghaznavi H, Naseripour M. Diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and the ameliorating effects of melatonin; involvement of autophagy, inflammation and oxidative stress. Life Sci 2018; 193:20-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Xu XJ, Wang SM, Jin Y, Hu YT, Feng K, Ma ZZ. Melatonin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. J Pineal Res 2017; 63. [PMID: 28580724 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of incurable inherited retinal degenerations. Targeting common processes, instead of mutation-specific treatment, has proven to be an innovative strategy to combat debilitating retinal degeneration. Growing evidence indicates that melatonin possesses a potent activity against neurodegenerative disorders by mitigating cell damage associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Given the pleiotropic role of melatonin in central nervous system, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether melatonin would afford protection against retinal degeneration in autosomal recessive RP (arRP). Rd10, a well-characterized murine model of human arRP, received daily intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (15 mg/kg) between postnatal day (P) 13 and P30. Retinas treated with melatonin or vehicle were harvested for analysis at P30 and P45, respectively. The findings showed that melatonin could dampen the photoreceptors death and delay consequent retinal degeneration. We also observed that melatonin weakened the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in Müller cells. Additionally, melatonin could alleviate retinal inflammatory response visualized by IBA1 staining, which was further corroborated by downregulation of inflammation-related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10). These data revealed that melatonin could ameliorate retinal degeneration through potentially attenuating apoptosis, reactive gliosis, and microglial activation in rd10 mice. Moreover, these results suggest melatonin as a promising agent improving photoreceptors survival in human RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Tao Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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25
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Kearney S, O'Donoghue L, Pourshahidi LK, Cobice D, Saunders KJ. Myopes have significantly higher serum melatonin concentrations than non-myopes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017; 37:557-567. [PMID: 28721695 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Experimental animal models of myopia demonstrate that higher melatonin (Mel) and lower dopamine (DA) concentrations actively promote axial elongation. This study explored the association between myopia and serum concentrations of DA and Mel in humans. METHODS Morning serum concentrations of DA and Mel were measured by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from 54 participants (age 19.1 ± 0.81 years) in September/October 2014 (phase 1) and March/April 2016 (phase 2). Axial length (AL), corneal radii (CR) and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) were also recorded. Participants were defined as myopic if non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refractive error ≤-0.50 DS at phase 1. RESULTS Nine participants were lost to follow up. Mel concentrations were measurable for all myopes (phase 1 n = 25, phase 2 n = 22) and non-myopes (phase 1 n = 29, phase 2 n = 23). SER did not change significantly between phases (p = 0.51). DA concentrations were measurable for fewer myopes (phase 1 n = 13, phase 2 n = 12) and non-myopes (phase 1 n = 23, phase 2 n = 16). Myopes exhibited significantly higher Mel concentrations than non-myopes at phase 1 (Median difference: 10 pg mL-1 , p < 0.001) and at phase 2 (Median difference: 7.3 pg mL-1 , p < 0.001) and lower DA concentrations at phase 2 (Median difference: 4.7 pg mL-1 , p = 0.006). Mel concentrations were positively associated with more negative SER (all r ≥ -0.53, all p < 0.001), longer AL (all r ≥ 0.37, all p ≤ 0.008) and higher AL/CR ratio (all r ≥ 0.51, all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study reports for the first time in humans that myopes exhibit higher serum Mel concentrations than non-myopes. This may indicate a role for light exposure and circadian rhythm in the human myopic growth mechanism. Further research should focus on younger cohorts exhibiting more dynamic myopic progression and explore the profile of these neurochemicals alongside evaluation of sleep patterns in myopic and non-myopic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kearney
- Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Lisa O'Donoghue
- Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Diego Cobice
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Facility Unit, Biomedical Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
| | - Kathryn J Saunders
- Optometry and Vision Science Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK
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26
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Hou B, Fu Y, Weng C, Liu W, Zhao C, Yin ZQ. Homeostatic Plasticity Mediated by Rod-Cone Gap Junction Coupling in Retinal Degenerative Dystrophic RCS Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:98. [PMID: 28473754 PMCID: PMC5397418 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rod-cone gap junctions open at night to allow rod signals to pass to cones and activate the cone-bipolar pathway. This enhances the ability to detect large, dim objects at night. This electrical synaptic switch is governed by the circadian clock and represents a novel form of homeostatic plasticity that regulates retinal excitability according to network activity. We used tracer labeling and ERG recording in the retinae of control and retinal degenerative dystrophic RCS rats. We found that in the control animals, rod-cone gap junction coupling was regulated by the circadian clock via the modulation of the phosphorylation of the melatonin synthetic enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT). However, in dystrophic RCS rats, AANAT was constitutively phosphorylated, causing rod-cone gap junctions to remain open. A further b/a-wave ratio analysis revealed that dystrophic RCS rats had stronger synaptic strength between photoreceptors and bipolar cells, possibly because rod-cone gap junctions remained open. This was despite the fact that a decrease was observed in the amplitude of both a- and b-waves as a result of the progressive loss of rods during early degenerative stages. These results suggest that electric synaptic strength is increased during the day to allow cone signals to pass to the remaining rods and to be propagated to rod bipolar cells, thereby partially compensating for the weak visual input caused by the loss of rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoke Hou
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yan Fu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of ChongqingChongqing, China
| | - Chuanhuang Weng
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of ChongqingChongqing, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of ChongqingChongqing, China
| | - Congjian Zhao
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of ChongqingChongqing, China
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing, China.,Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration and Restoration of ChongqingChongqing, China
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27
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Samara PV, Erika CTMP, Claudia YT, Marcio MH, Petrônio PP, Marcos. LED in production systems of laying hens: An alternative to increase sustainability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5897/ajar2016.11946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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28
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Aranda ML, Fleitas MFG, Dieguez H, Iaquinandi A, Sande PH, Dorfman D, Rosenstein RE. Melatonin as a Therapeutic Resource for Inflammatory Visual Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:951-962. [PMID: 28088912 PMCID: PMC5652015 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170113122120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uveitis and optic neuritis are prevalent ocular inflammatory diseases, and highly damaging ocular conditions. Both diseases are currently treated with corticosteroids, but they do not have adequate efficacy and are often associated with severe side effects. Thus, uveitis and optic neuritis remain a challenging field to ophthalmologists and a significant public health concern. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes findings showing the benefits of a treatment with melatonin in experimental models of these inflammatory ocular diseases. RESULTS Oxidative and nitrosative damage, tumor necrosis factor, and prostaglandin production have been involved in the pathogeny of uveitis and optic neuritis. Melatonin is an efficient antioxidant and antinitridergic, and has the ability to reduce prostaglandin and tumor necrosis factor levels both in the retina and optic nerve. Moreover, melatonin not only prevents functional and structural consequences of experimental uveitis and optic neuritis, but it is also capable of suppressing the actively ongoing ocular inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Since melatonin protects ocular tissues against inflammation, it could be a potentially useful anti-inflammatory therapy in ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos L. Aranda
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia González Fleitas
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Dieguez
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Iaquinandi
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo H. Sande
- Laboratory of Retinal Neurochemistry and Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine/CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ruth E. Rosenstein
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CEFyBO, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Paraguay 2155, 5th Floor, (1121), Buenos Aires, Argentina;, Tel: 54-11-45083672 (ext 37); Fax: 54-11-45083672 (ext 317);, E-mail:
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29
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Borniger JC, Nelson RJ. Photoperiodic regulation of behavior: Peromyscus as a model system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 61:82-91. [PMID: 27346738 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Winter and summer present vastly different challenges to animals living outside of the tropics. To survive and reproduce, individuals must anticipate seasonal environmental changes and adjust physiology and behavior accordingly. Photoperiod (day length) offers a relatively 'noise free' environmental signal that non-tropical animals use to tell the time of year, and whether winter is approaching or receding. In some cases, photoperiodic signals may be fine-tuned by other proximate cues such as food availability or temperature. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a primary physiological transducer of the photoperiodic signal. It tracks night length and provokes changes in physiology and behavior at appropriate times of the year. Because of their wide latitudinal distribution, Peromyscus has been well studied in the context of photoperiodic regulation of physiology and behavior. Here, we discuss how photoperiodic signals are transduced by pineal melatonin, how melatonin acts on target tissues, and subsequent consequences for behavior. Using a life-history paradigm involving trade-offs between the immune and reproductive systems, specific emphasis is placed on aggression, metabolism, and cognition. We discuss future directions including examining the effects of light pollution on photoperiodism, genetic manipulations to test the role of specific genes in the photoperiodic response, and using Peromyscus to test evolutionary theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, and Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, and Neuroscience Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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30
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Pack W, Hill DD, Wong KY. Melatonin modulates M4-type ganglion-cell photoreceptors. Neuroscience 2015; 303:178-88. [PMID: 26141846 PMCID: PMC4532552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the retina, melatonin is secreted at night by rod/cone photoreceptors and serves as a dark-adaptive signal. Melatonin receptors have been found in many retinal neurons including melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), suggesting it could modulate the physiology of these inner retinal photoreceptors. Here, we investigated whether melatonin modulates the alpha-like M4-type ipRGCs, which are believed to mediate image-forming vision as well as non-image-forming photoresponses. Applying melatonin during daytime (when endogenous melatonin secretion is low) caused whole-cell-recorded M4 cells' rod/cone-driven depolarizing photoresponses to become broader and larger, whereas the associated elevation in spike rate was reduced. Melanopsin-based light responses were not affected significantly. Nighttime application of the melatonin receptor antagonist luzindole also altered M4 cells' rod/cone-driven light responses but in the opposite ways: the duration and amplitude of the graded depolarization were reduced, whereas the accompanying spiking increase was enhanced. These luzindole-induced changes confirmed that M4 cells are modulated by endogenous melatonin. Melatonin could induce the above effects by acting directly on M4 cells because immunohistochemistry detected MT1 receptors in these cells, although it could also act presynaptically. Interestingly, the daytime and nighttime recordings showed significant differences in resting membrane potential, spontaneous spike rate and rod/cone-driven light responses, suggesting that M4 cells are under circadian control. This is the first report of a circadian variation in ipRGCs' resting properties and synaptic input, and of melatoninergic modulation of ipRGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Pack
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - D D Hill
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - K Y Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States.
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31
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Weil ZM, Borniger JC, Cisse YM, Abi Salloum BA, Nelson RJ. Neuroendocrine control of photoperiodic changes in immune function. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 37:108-18. [PMID: 25456047 PMCID: PMC4402123 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal variation in immune function putatively maximizes survival and reproductive success. Day length (photoperiod) is the most potent signal for time of year. Animals typically organize breeding, growth, and behavior to adapt to spatial and temporal niches. Outside the tropics individuals monitor photoperiod to support adaptations favoring survival and reproductive success. Changes in day length allow anticipation of seasonal changes in temperature and food availability that are critical for reproductive success. Immune function is typically bolstered during winter, whereas reproduction and growth are favored during summer. We provide an overview of how photoperiod influences neuronal function and melatonin secretion, how melatonin acts directly and indirectly to govern seasonal changes in immune function, and the manner by which other neuroendocrine effectors such as glucocorticoids, prolactin, thyroid, and sex steroid hormones modulate seasonal variations in immune function. Potential future research avenues include commensal gut microbiota and light pollution influences on photoperiodic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Weil
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yasmine M Cisse
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bachir A Abi Salloum
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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32
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Co-expression of two subtypes of melatonin receptor on rat M1-type intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117967. [PMID: 25714375 PMCID: PMC4340921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are involved in circadian and other non-image forming visual responses. An open question is whether the activity of these neurons may also be under the regulation mediated by the neurohormone melatonin. In the present work, by double-staining immunohistochemical technique, we studied the expression of MT1 and MT2, two known subtypes of mammalian melatonin receptors, in rat ipRGCs. A single subset of retinal ganglion cells labeled by the specific antibody against melanopsin exhibited the morphology typical of M1-type ipRGCs. Immunoreactivity for both MT1 and MT2 receptors was clearly seen in the cytoplasm of all labeled ipRGCs, indicating that these two receptors were co-expressed in each of these neurons. Furthermore, labeling for both the receptors were found in neonatal M1 cells as early as the day of birth. It is therefore highly plausible that retinal melatonin may directly modulate the activity of ipRGCs, thus regulating non-image forming visual functions.
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33
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Elgueta C, Vielma AH, Palacios AG, Schmachtenberg O. Acetylcholine induces GABA release onto rod bipolar cells through heteromeric nicotinic receptors expressed in A17 amacrine cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:6. [PMID: 25709566 PMCID: PMC4321611 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major retinal neurotransmitter that modulates visual processing through a large repertoire of cholinergic receptors expressed on different retinal cell types. ACh is released from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) under scotopic conditions, but its effects on cells of the rod pathway have not been investigated. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in slices of rat retina, we found that ACh application triggers GABA release onto rod bipolar (RB) cells. GABA was released from A17 amacrine cells and activated postsynaptic GABAA and GABAC receptors in RB cells. The sensitivity of ACh-induced currents to nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) antagonists (TMPH ~ mecamylamine > erysodine > DhβE > MLA) together with the differential potency of specific agonists to mimic ACh responses (cytisine >> RJR2403 ~ choline), suggest that A17 cells express heteromeric nAChRs containing the β4 subunit. Activation of nAChRs induced GABA release after Ca(2+) accumulation in A17 cell dendrites and varicosities mediated by L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase depolarized A17 cells and increased spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in RB cells, indicating that endogenous ACh enhances GABAergic inhibition of RB cells. Moreover, injection of neostigmine or cytisine reduced the b-wave of the scotopic flash electroretinogram (ERG), suggesting that cholinergic modulation of GABA release controls RB cell activity in vivo. These results describe a novel regulatory mechanism of RB cell inhibition and complement our understanding of the neuromodulatory control of retinal signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Elgueta
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile ; Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology I, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alex H Vielma
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Adrian G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
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34
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Zheng C, Deng QQ, Liu LL, Wang MY, Zhang G, Sheng WL, Weng SJ, Yang XL, Zhong YM. Orexin-A differentially modulates AMPA-preferring responses of ganglion cells and amacrine cells in rat retina. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:80-93. [PMID: 25656479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
By activating their receptors (OX1R and OX2R) orexin-A/B regulate wake/sleeping states, feeding behaviors, but the function of these peptides in the retina remains unknown. Using patch-clamp recordings and calcium imaging in rat isolated retinal cells, we demonstrated that orexin-A suppressed α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA)-preferring receptor-mediated currents (AMPA-preferring currents) in ganglion cells (GCs) through OX1R, but potentiated those in amacrine cells (ACs) through OX2R. Consistently, in rat retinal slices orexin-A suppressed light-evoked AMPA-preferring receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in GCs, but potentiated those in ACs. Intracellular dialysis of GDP-β-S or preincubation with the Gi/o inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX) abolished both the effects. Either cAMP/the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMP or cGMP/the PKG blocker KT5823 failed to alter the orexin-A effects. Whilst both of them involved activation of protein kinase C (PKC), the effects on GCs and ACs were respectively eliminated by the phosphatidylinositol (PI)-phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor and phosphatidylcholine (PC)-PLC inhibitor. Moreover, in GCs orexin-A increased [Ca(2+)]i and the orexin-A effect was blocked by intracellular Ca(2+)-free solution and by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonists. In contrast, orexin-A did not change [Ca(2+)]i in ACs and the orexin-A effect remained in intracellular or extracellular Ca(2+)-free solution. We conclude that a distinct Gi/o/PI-PLC/IP3/Ca(2+)-dependent PKC signaling pathway, following the activation of OX1R, is likely responsible for the orexin-A effect on GCs, whereas a Gi/o/PC-PLC/Ca(2+)-independent PKC signaling pathway, following the activation of OX2R, mediates the orexin-A effect on ACs. These two actions of orexin-A, while working in concert, provide a characteristic way for modulating information processing in the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Qin-Qin Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei-Lei Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng-Ya Wang
- Cell Electrophysiology Laboratory, Wannan Medical College, 22 West Wenchang Road, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Long Sheng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Jun Weng
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Zhong
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zhang Z, Li H, Liu X, O’Brien J, Ribelayga CP. Circadian clock control of connexin36 phosphorylation in retinal photoreceptors of the CBA/CaJ mouse strain. Vis Neurosci 2015; 32:E009. [PMID: 26241696 PMCID: PMC4760741 DOI: 10.1017/s0952523815000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The gap-junction-forming protein connexin36 (Cx36) represents the anatomical substrate of photoreceptor electrical coupling in mammals. The strength of coupling is directly correlated to the phosphorylation of Cx36 at two regulatory sites: Ser110 and Ser293. Our previous work demonstrated that the extent of biotinylated tracer coupling between photoreceptor cells, which provides an index of the extent of electrical coupling, depends on the mouse strain. In the C57Bl/6J strain, light or dopamine reduces tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation in photoreceptors. Conversely, darkness or a dopaminergic antagonist increases tracer coupling and Cx36 phosphorylation, regardless of the daytime. In the CBA/CaJ strain, photoreceptor tracer coupling is not only regulated by light and dopamine, but also by a circadian clock, a type of oscillator with a period close to 24 h and intrinsic to the retina, so that under prolonged dark-adapted conditions tracer coupling is broader at night compared to daytime. In the current study, we examined whether the modulation of photoreceptor coupling by a circadian clock in the CBA/CaJ mouse photoreceptors reflected a change in Cx36 protein expression and/or phosphorylation. We found no significant change in Cx36 expression or in the number of Cx36 gap junction among the conditions examined. However, we found that Cx36 phosphorylation is higher under dark-adapted conditions at night than in the daytime, and is the lowest under prolonged illumination at any time of the day/night cycle. Our observations are consistent with the view that the circadian clock regulation of photoreceptor electrical coupling is mouse strain-dependent and highlights the critical position of Cx36 phosphorylation in the control of photoreceptor coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhang
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - John O’Brien
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Neuroscience Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Christophe P. Ribelayga
- Richard S. Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Neuroscience Research Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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Ozdemir G, Ergün Y, Bakariş S, Kılınç M, Durdu H, Ganiyusufoğlu E. Melatonin prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats. Eye (Lond) 2014; 28:1020-7. [PMID: 24924441 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of melatonin, an antioxidant agent, in diabetic oxidative stress and vascular damage. METHODS Diabetes was induced in 21 male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of streptozotocin and then the rats were equally and randomly allocated to diabetic, melatonin, and vehicle groups. Seven healthy normal rats with similar features comprised the control group as the fourth group. All animals were followed for 12 weeks. The melatonin group received IP melatonin daily and the vehicle group received 2.5% ethanol IP at the last month. At the end of 12 weeks, the rats were killed and retinas were harvested. The retinas were investigated for the existence of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) by ELISA. Retinal oxidative stress is quantitated by measuring nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde levels. Retinal immunohistochemistry with antibody against CD31 antigen was carried out on retinal cross-sections. For statistics, ANOVA test was used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Hyperglycemia increased retinal oxidation as measured through levels of nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde. Diabetic retinas are also associated with abnormal vascular changes such as dilatation and deformation. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, and PEDF were all increased because of diabetic injury. Melatonin showed a potential beneficial effect on retinopathy in diabetic rats. It decreased retinal nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde levels, showing an antioxidative support. The vasculomodulator cytokines are decreased accordingly by melatonin therapy. Melatonin normalized retinal vascular changes as well. CONCLUSION Melatonin may show some advantage on diabetic vascular changes through decreasing oxidative stress and vessel-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ozdemir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Y Ergün
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - S Bakariş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - M Kılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - H Durdu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - E Ganiyusufoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş Sütçüimam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Cain MD, Vo BQ, Kolesnikov AV, Kefalov VJ, Culican SM, Kerschensteiner D, Blumer KJ. An allosteric regulator of R7-RGS proteins influences light-evoked activity and glutamatergic waves in the inner retina. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82276. [PMID: 24349243 PMCID: PMC3857278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the outer retina, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling mediates phototransduction and synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and ON bipolar cells. In contrast, the functions of modulatory GPCR signaling networks in the inner retina are less well understood. We addressed this question by determining the consequences of augmenting modulatory Gi/o signaling driven by endogenous transmitters. This was done by analyzing the effects of genetically ablating the R7 RGS-binding protein (R7BP), a membrane-targeting protein and positive allosteric modulator of R7-RGS (regulator of the G protein signaling 7) family that deactivates Gi/oα subunits. We found that R7BP is expressed highly in starburst amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). As indicated by electroretinography and multielectrode array recordings of adult retina, ablation of R7BP preserved outer retina function, but altered the firing rate and latency of ON RGCs driven by rods and cones but not rods alone. In developing retina, R7BP ablation increased the burst duration of glutamatergic waves whereas cholinergic waves were unaffected. This effect on glutamatergic waves did not result in impaired segregation of RGC projections to eye-specific domains of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. R7BP knockout mice exhibited normal spatial contrast sensitivity and visual acuity as assessed by optomotor reflexes. Taken together these findings indicate that R7BP-dependent regulation of R7-RGS proteins shapes specific aspects of light-evoked and spontaneous activity of RGCs in mature and developing retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Cain
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bradly Q. Vo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alexander V. Kolesnikov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vladimir J. Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Culican
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel Kerschensteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kendall J. Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Protective role of melatonin in neonatal diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:980374. [PMID: 24349616 PMCID: PMC3852086 DOI: 10.1155/2013/980374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the severity of several newborn conditions to the extent that Saugstad coined the phrase “oxygen radical diseases of neonatology.” In order to counteract free radicals damage many strategies to augment antioxidant status in ill-term and preterm infants have been proposed and several medications have been experimented with mixed results. Several studies have tested the efficacy of melatonin to counteract oxidative damage in diseases of newborns such as chronic lung disease, perinatal brain injury, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity, giving promising results. The peculiar perinatal susceptibility to oxidative stress indicates that prophylactic use of antioxidants as melatonin could help to prevent or at least reduce oxidative stress related diseases in newborns. However, more studies are needed to confirm these beneficial effects.
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