1
|
Lykke L, Ernst C, Bek T. The vasoactive effects of bradykinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y depend on the perivascular tissue in porcine retinal arterioles in vitro. Acta Ophthalmol 2024; 102:349-356. [PMID: 37565361 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The retina contains a number of vasoactive neuropeptides and corresponding receptors, but the role of these neuropeptides for tone regulation of retinal arterioles has not been studied in detail. METHODS Porcine arterioles with preserved perivascular retinal tissue were mounted in a wire myograph, and the tone was measured after the addition of increasing concentrations of bradykinin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The experiments were performed during inhibition of the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins and dopamine and were repeated after removal of the perivascular retinal tissue. RESULTS Bradykinin, VIP and CGRP induced significant concentration-dependent dilatation and NPY significant concentration-dependent contraction of the arterioles in the presence of perivascular retinal tissue (p < 0.03 for all comparisons) but not on isolated arterioles. BNP and SP had no effect on vascular tone. The NOS inhibitor L-NAME reduced bradykinin- and VIP-induced relaxation (p < 0.001 for both comparisons), whereas none of the other inhibitors influenced the vasoactive effects of the studied neuropeptides. CONCLUSION The effects of neuropeptides on the tone of retinal arterioles depend on the perivascular retinal tissue and may involve effects other than those mediated by nitric oxide, prostaglandins and adrenergic compounds. Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the vasoactive effect of neuropeptides may be important for understanding and treating retinal diseases where disturbances in retinal flow regulation are involved in the disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lise Lykke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ernst
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bergum N, Berezin CT, Vigh J. Dopamine enhances GABA A receptor-mediated current amplitude in a subset of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.11.571141. [PMID: 38168350 PMCID: PMC10760026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.571141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation in the retina is crucial for effective processing of retinal signal at different levels of illuminance. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), the neurons that drive non-image forming visual functions, express a variety of neuromodulatory receptors that tune intrinsic excitability as well as synaptic inputs. Past research has examined actions of neuromodulators on light responsiveness of ipRGCs, but less is known about how neuromodulation affects synaptic currents in ipRGCs. To better understand how neuromodulators affect synaptic processing in ipRGC, we examine actions of opioid and dopamine agonists have on inhibitory synaptic currents in ipRGCs. Although μ-opioid receptor (MOR) activation had no effect on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) currents, dopamine (via the D1R) amplified GABAergic currents in a subset of ipRGCs. Furthermore, this D1R-mediated facilitation of the GABA conductance in ipRGCs was mediated by a cAMP/PKA-dependent mechanism. Taken together, these findings reinforce the idea that dopamine's modulatory role in retinal adaptation affects both non-image forming as well as image forming visual functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Bergum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Casey-Tyler Berezin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jozsef Vigh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu K, Wu J, Tang S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Chai F, Liang XF. Altered Visual Function in Short-Wave-Sensitive 1 ( sws1) Gene Knockout Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes) Larvae. Cells 2023; 12:2157. [PMID: 37681889 PMCID: PMC10486665 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual perception plays a crucial role in foraging, avoiding predators, mate selection, and communication. The regulation of color vision is largely dependent on opsin, which is the first step in the formation of the visual transduction cascade in photoreceptor cells. Short-wave-sensitive 1 (sws1) is a visual pigment that mediates short-wavelength light transduction in vertebrates. The depletion of sws1 resulted in increased M-opsin in mice. However, there is still no report on the visual function of sws1 in teleost fish. Here, we constructed the sws1 knockout medaka using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The 6 dph (days post-hatching) medaka sws1-/- larvae exhibited significantly decreased food intake and total length at the first feeding stage, and the mRNA levels of orexigenic genes (npy and agrp) were significantly upregulated after feeding. The swimming speed was significantly reduced during the period of dark-light transition stimulation in the sws1-mutant larvae. Histological analysis showed that the thickness of the lens was reduced, whereas the thickness of the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was significantly increased in sws1-/- medaka larvae. Additionally, the deletion of sws1 decreased the mRNA levels of genes involved in phototransduction (gnb3b, grk7a, grk7b, and pde6c). We also observed increased retinal cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in sws1 knockout medaka larvae. Collectively, these results suggest that sws1 deficiency in medaka larvae may impair visual function and cause retinal cell apoptosis, which is associated with the downregulation of photoconduction expression and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuye Wang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farui Chai
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu-Fang Liang
- College of Fisheries, Chinese Perch Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (K.L.); (Y.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Desai D, Shende P. Dual-action of colloidal ISCOMs: an optimized approach using Box-Behnken design for the management of breast cancer. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
5
|
Sheng W, Yu M, Wang X, Jin M, Pang X, Li C, Zhang S, Li P, Wang X, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Liu K. Localization of neuropeptide receptor NPY4R in rat retina. Neuropeptides 2022; 93:102246. [PMID: 35453028 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a significant neuromodulator implicated in a multitude of physiological functions via activating NPY receptors which belong to seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the detailed cellular expression of NPY receptors in retina has been scarcely investigated. In this study, the expression of the special NPY4R receptor in rat retina was assessed using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescent staining. The detailed cellular localization of NPY4R receptor was studied using double immunofluorescent staining and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Our data demonstrated that NPY4R receptor was weakly expressed in the inner segment of outer photoreceptors and extensively expressed in the outer segment of S-opsin-positive blue cones, L/M-opsin-positive red/green cones and in the somata of CB-positive horizontal cells, GAD65-positive GABAnergic amacrine cells, ChAT-positive cholinergic amacrine cells, TH-positive dopaminergic CA1 amacrine cells and CA2 amacrine cells, PV-positive AII amacrine cells, Brn3a-positive conventional ganglion cells and melanopsin-containing ipRGCs. In addition, NPY4R receptor was diffusely distributed throughout the full thickness of the inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer. However, the outer segment of Rho4D2-positive rods, the somata of ChX10-positive bipolar cells and CRALBP-positive Müller glial cells seemed to lack immunoreactivity of NPY4R receptor. The new finding that multiple types of retinal cell express NPY4R receptor provides new neurobiological basis for the participation of NPY in the regulation of retinal functions through activating NPY4R receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China.
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangming Pang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Can Li
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Peihai Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Xixin Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Biological Testing Technology, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pöstyéni E, Ganczer A, Kovács-Valasek A, Gabriel R. Relevance of Peptide Homeostasis in Metabolic Retinal Degenerative Disorders: Curative Potential in Genetically Modified Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:808315. [PMID: 35095518 PMCID: PMC8793341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.808315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina contains approximately 30 neuropeptides that are synthetized by different neuronal cell populations, glia, and the pigmented epithelium. The presence of these neuropeptides leaves a mark on normal retinal molecular processes and physiology, and they are also crucial in fighting various pathologies (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, ischemia, age-related pathologies, glaucoma) because of their protective abilities. Retinal pathologies of different origin (metabolic, genetic) are extensively investigated by genetically manipulated in vivo mouse models that help us gain a better understanding of the molecular background of these pathomechanisms. These models offer opportunities to manipulate gene expression in different cell types to help reveal their roles in the preservation of retinal health or identify malfunction during diseases. In order to assess the current status of transgenic technologies available, we have conducted a literature survey focused on retinal disorders of metabolic origin, zooming in on the role of retinal neuropeptides in diabetic retinopathy and ischemia. First, we identified those neuropeptides that are most relevant to retinal pathologies in humans and the two clinically most relevant models, mice and rats. Then we continued our analysis with metabolic disorders, examining neuropeptide-related pathways leading to systemic or cellular damage and rescue. Last but not least, we reviewed the available literature on genetically modified mouse strains to understand how the manipulation of a single element of any given pathway (e.g., signal molecules, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways) could lead either to the worsening of disease conditions or, more frequently, to substantial improvements in retinal health. Most attention was given to studies which reported successful intervention against specific disorders. For these experiments, a detailed evaluation will be given and the possible role of converging intracellular pathways will be discussed. Using these converging intracellular pathways, curative effects of peptides could potentially be utilized in fighting metabolic retinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brown EE, Scandura MJ, Mehrotra S, Wang Y, Du J, Pierce EA. Reduced nuclear NAD+ drives DNA damage and subsequent immune activation in the retina. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1370-1388. [PMID: 34750622 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in NMNAT1, a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of NAD+ in the nucleus, lead to an early onset severe inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). We aimed to understand the role of nuclear NAD+ in the retina and to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying NMNAT1-associated disease, using a mouse model that harbors the p.V9M mutation in Nmnat1 (Nmnat1V9M/V9M). We identified temporal transcriptional reprogramming in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M mice prior to retinal degeneration, which begins at 4 weeks of age, with no significant alterations in gene expression at 2 weeks of age and over 2600 differentially expressed genes by 3 weeks of age. Expression of the primary consumer of NAD+ in the nucleus, PARP1, an enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulation, as well as 7 other PARP family enzymes, was elevated in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M. This was associated with elevated levels of DNA damage, PARP-mediated NAD+ consumption, and migration of Iba1+/CD45+ microglia/macrophages to the subretinal space in the retinas of Nmnat1V9M/V9M mice. These findings suggest that photoreceptor cells are especially sensitive to perturbation of genome homeostasis, and that PARP-mediated cell death may play a role in other genetic forms of IRDs, and potentially other forms of neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Brown
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Michael J Scandura
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sudeep Mehrotra
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tolås I, Kalananthan T, Gomes AS, Lai F, Norland S, Murashita K, Rønnestad I. Regional Expression of npy mRNA Paralogs in the Brain of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar, L.) and Response to Fasting. Front Physiol 2021; 12:720639. [PMID: 34512390 PMCID: PMC8427667 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.720639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is known as a potent orexigenic signal in vertebrates, but its role in Atlantic salmon has not yet been fully established. In this study, we identified three npy paralogs, named npya1, npya2, and npyb, in the Atlantic salmon genome. In silico analysis revealed that these genes are well conserved across the vertebrate’s lineage and the mature peptide sequences shared at least 77% of identity with the human homolog. We analyzed mRNA expression of npy paralogs in eight brain regions of Atlantic salmon post-smolt, and the effect of 4 days of fasting on the npy expression level. Results show that npya1 was the most abundant paralog, and was predominantly expressed in the telencephalon, followed by the midbrain and olfactory bulb. npya2 mRNA was highly abundant in hypothalamus and midbrain, while npyb was found to be highest expressed in the telencephalon, with low mRNA expression levels detected in all the other brain regions. 4 days of fasting resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease of npya1 mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb, increased npya2 mRNA expression in the midbrain and decreased npyb mRNA expression in the pituitary. In the hypothalamus, the vertebrate appetite center, expression of the npy paralogs was not significantly affected by feeding status. However, we observed a trend of increased npya2 mRNA expression (p = 0.099) following 4 days of fasting. Altogether, our findings provide a solid basis for further research on appetite and energy metabolism in Atlantic salmon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvill Tolås
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Floriana Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sissel Norland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koji Murashita
- Physiological Function Division, Aquaculture Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Tamaki, Japan
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dao D, Xie B, Nadeem U, Xiao J, Movahedan A, D’Souza M, Leone V, Hariprasad SM, Chang EB, Sulakhe D, Skondra D. High-Fat Diet Alters the Retinal Transcriptome in the Absence of Gut Microbiota. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082119. [PMID: 34440888 PMCID: PMC8392173 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between retinal disease, diet, and the gut microbiome has shown increasing importance over recent years. In particular, high-fat diets (HFDs) are associated with development and progression of several retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. However, the complex, overlapping interactions between diet, gut microbiome, and retinal homeostasis are poorly understood. Using high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) of whole retinas, we compare the retinal transcriptome from germ-free (GF) mice on a regular diet (ND) and HFD to investigate transcriptomic changes without influence of gut microbiome. After correction of raw data, 53 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 19 were upregulated and 34 were downregulated in GF-HFD mice. Key genes involved in retinal inflammation, angiogenesis, and RPE function were identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the top 3 biological processes affected were regulation of blood vessel diameter, inflammatory response, and negative regulation of endopeptidase. Molecular functions altered include endopeptidase inhibitor activity, protease binding, and cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity. Human and mouse pathway analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation cascades are significantly affected by HFD. This study demonstrates novel data that diet can directly modulate the retinal transcriptome independently of the gut microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Dao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (B.X.); (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Urooba Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Jason Xiao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Asad Movahedan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06437, USA;
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (B.X.); (M.D.)
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Department of Animal Biologics and Metabolism, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
- Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Seenu M. Hariprasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Eugene B. Chang
- Knapp Center for Biomedical Discovery, Department of Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (D.D.); (J.X.); (S.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harrison KR, Chervenak AP, Resnick SM, Reifler AN, Wong KY. Amacrine Cells Forming Gap Junctions With Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells: ipRGC Types, Neuromodulator Contents, and Connexin Isoform. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:10. [PMID: 33410914 PMCID: PMC7804497 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) signal not only centrally to non-image-forming visual centers of the brain but also intraretinally to amacrine interneurons through gap junction electrical coupling, potentially modulating image-forming retinal processing. We aimed to determine (1) which ipRGC types couple with amacrine cells, (2) the neuromodulator contents of ipRGC-coupled amacrine cells, and (3) whether connexin36 (Cx36) contributes to ipRGC-amacrine coupling. Methods Gap junction-permeable Neurobiotin tracer was injected into green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled ipRGCs in Opn4Cre/+; Z/EG mice to stain coupled amacrine cells, and immunohistochemistry was performed to reveal the neuromodulator contents of the Neurobiotin-stained amacrine cells. We also created Opn4Cre/+; Cx36flox/flox; Z/EG mice to knock out Cx36 in GFP-labeled ipRGCs and looked for changes in the number of ipRGC-coupled amacrine cells. Results Seventy-three percent of ipRGCs, including all six types (M1-M6), were tracer-coupled with amacrine somas 5.7 to 16.5 µm in diameter but not with ganglion cells. Ninety-two percent of the ipRGC-coupled somas were in the ganglion cell layer and the rest in the inner nuclear layer. Some ipRGC-coupled amacrine cells were found to accumulate serotonin or to contain nitric oxide synthase or neuropeptide Y. Knocking out Cx36 in M2 and M4 dramatically reduced the number of coupled somas. Conclusions Heterologous gap junction coupling with amacrine cells is widespread across mouse ipRGC types. ipRGC-coupled amacrine cells probably comprise multiple morphologic types and use multiple neuromodulators, suggesting that gap junctional ipRGC-to-amacrine signaling likely exerts diverse modulatory effects on retinal physiology. ipRGC-amacrine coupling is mediated partly, but not solely, by Cx36.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystal R. Harrison
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Andrew P. Chervenak
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Sarah M. Resnick
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Aaron N. Reifler
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kwoon Y. Wong
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ventura F, Muga M, Coelho-Santos V, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Leitão RA, Silva AP. Protective effect of neuropeptide Y2 receptor activation against methamphetamine-induced brain endothelial cell alterations. Toxicol Lett 2020; 334:53-59. [PMID: 32956829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) consumption is a health problem that leads to neurological and psychiatric disturbances. The cellular alterations behind these conditions have been extensively investigated and it is now well-established that METH causes cerebrovascular alterations being a key feature in drug-induced neuropathology. Although promising advances in understanding the blood-brain barrier (BBB) alterations induced by METH, there is still no available approach to counteract or diminish such effects. Interestingly, several studies show that neuropeptide Y (NPY) has an important protective role against METH-induced neuronal and glial toxicity, as well as behavioral deficits. Despite these beneficial effects of the NPY system, nothing is known about its role in brain endothelial cells under conditions of METH exposure. Thus, our aim was to unravel the effect of NPY and its receptors against METH-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. For that, we used a human brain microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) and our results demonstrate that endothelial cells express both NPY Y1 (Y1R) and Y2 (Y2R) receptors, but only Y2R is upregulated after METH exposure. Moreover, this drug of abuse induced endothelial cell death and elicited the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by these cells, which were prevented by the activation of Y2R. Additional, cell death and oxidative stress triggered by METH were dependent on the concentration of the drug. In sum, with the present study we identified for the first time the NPY system, and particularly the Y2R subtype, as a promising target to protect against METH-induced neurovascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ventura
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Muga
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grünert U, Martin PR. Cell types and cell circuits in human and non-human primate retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 78:100844. [PMID: 32032773 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes our current knowledge of primate including human retina focusing on bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells and their connectivity. We have two main motivations in writing. Firstly, recent progress in non-invasive imaging methods to study retinal diseases mean that better understanding of the primate retina is becoming an important goal both for basic and for clinical sciences. Secondly, genetically modified mice are increasingly used as animal models for human retinal diseases. Thus, it is important to understand to which extent the retinas of primates and rodents are comparable. We first compare cell populations in primate and rodent retinas, with emphasis on how the fovea (despite its small size) dominates the neural landscape of primate retina. We next summarise what is known, and what is not known, about the postreceptoral neurone populations in primate retina. The inventories of bipolar and ganglion cells in primates are now nearing completion, comprising ~12 types of bipolar cell and at least 17 types of ganglion cell. Primate ganglion cells show clear differences in dendritic field size across the retina, and their morphology differs clearly from that of mouse retinal ganglion cells. Compared to bipolar and ganglion cells, amacrine cells show even higher morphological diversity: they could comprise over 40 types. Many amacrine types appear conserved between primates and mice, but functions of only a few types are understood in any primate or non-primate retina. Amacrine cells appear as the final frontier for retinal research in monkeys and mice alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grünert
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Sydney Node, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Paul R Martin
- The University of Sydney, Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Sydney Node, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081146. [PMID: 31374938 PMCID: PMC6722704 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of many disorders, neuronal death plays a key role. It is now assumed that neurodegeneration is caused by multiple and somewhat converging/overlapping death mechanisms, and that neurons are sensitive to unique death styles. In this respect, major advances in the knowledge of different types, mechanisms, and roles of neurodegeneration are crucial to restore the neuronal functions involved in neuroprotection. Several novel concepts have emerged recently, suggesting that the modulation of the neuropeptide system may provide an entirely new set of pharmacological approaches. Neuropeptides and their receptors are expressed widely in mammalian retinas, where they exert neuromodulatory functions including the processing of visual information. In multiple models of retinal diseases, different peptidergic substances play neuroprotective actions. Herein, we describe the novel advances on the protective roles of neuropeptides in the retina. In particular, we focus on the mechanisms by which peptides affect neuronal death/survival and the vascular lesions commonly associated with retinal neurodegenerative pathologies. The goal is to highlight the therapeutic potential of neuropeptide systems as neuroprotectants in retinal diseases.
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li N, Zhang Q, Guo X, Chi X, Tong M. Peptidomic analysis of zebrafish embryos exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and their impact on eye development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:164-172. [PMID: 30897415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of persistent organic pollutant, are closely related to abnormal eye development in children. However, little is known regarding the role of peptides in the development of PCB-induced ocular dysplasia. To characterize the nature of PCB exposure on peptides involved in the development of the ocular system, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to detect differential expression of peptides between normal and PCB-exposed zebrafish embryos. A total of 7900 peptides were analyzed, 90 of which were differentially expressed, with 29 being up-regulated and 61 down-regulated. These peptides were investigated using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) and gene ontology (GO) analysis to explore their role in eye development. This study identified 18 peptides associated with the development of the optic nerve and ocular system in the PCB-exposure group, as well as 10 peptides that are located in the functional domain of their precursor proteins. These peptides provide potential biomarkers for the treatment of ocular dysplasia caused by PCBs and may help us understand the mechanism of abnormal eye development caused by organic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Ningbo First Hospital | Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Xirong Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China; Department of Pediatrics, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Somatostatin-Based Signaling in Two Model Neural Networks, the Retina and the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102506. [PMID: 31117258 PMCID: PMC6566141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural inhibition plays a key role in determining the specific computational tasks of different brain circuitries. This functional "braking" activity is provided by inhibitory interneurons that use different neurochemicals for signaling. One of these substances, somatostatin, is found in several neural networks, raising questions about the significance of its widespread occurrence and usage. Here, we address this issue by analyzing the somatostatinergic system in two regions of the central nervous system: the retina and the hippocampus. By comparing the available information on these structures, we identify common motifs in the action of somatostatin that may explain its involvement in such diverse circuitries. The emerging concept is that somatostatin-based signaling, through conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms, allows neural networks to operate correctly.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nikonov AA, Maruska KP. Male dominance status regulates odor-evoked processing in the forebrain of a cichlid fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5083. [PMID: 30911102 PMCID: PMC6433859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to identify odors in the environment is crucial for survival and reproduction. However, whether olfactory processing in higher-order brain centers is influenced by an animal's physiological condition is unknown. We used in vivo neuron and local field potential (LFP) recordings from the ventral telencephalon of dominant and subordinate male cichlids to test the hypothesis that response properties of olfactory neurons differ with social status. Dominant males had a high percentage of neurons that responded to several odor types, suggesting broad tuning or differential sensitivity when males are reproductively active and defending a territory. A greater percentage of neurons in dominant males also responded to sex- and food-related odors, while a greater percentage of neurons in subordinate males responded to complex odors collected from behaving dominant males, possibly as a mechanism to mediate social suppression and allow subordinates to identify opportunities to rise in rank. Odor-evoked LFP spectral densities, indicative of synaptic inputs, were also 2-3-fold greater in dominant males, demonstrating status-dependent differences in processing possibly linking olfactory and other neural inputs to goal-directed behaviors. For the first time we reveal social and reproductive-state plasticity in olfactory processing neurons in the vertebrate forebrain that are associated with status-specific lifestyles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Nikonov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Karen P Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, 202 Life Sciences Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shende P, Desai D. Physiological and Therapeutic Roles of Neuropeptide Y on Biological Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1237:37-47. [PMID: 31468359 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an amino acid, used for various physiological processes for management and treatment of various ailments related to central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastro-intestinal system and endocrinal system. In nasal mucosa, high concentrations of NPY are stored with noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve fibers. NPY Y1 receptor mediates nitric oxide levels and reduction in blood flow in nasal mucosa of the human. NPY plays a role in dietary consumption via various factors like signaling the CNS for a prerequisite of energy in hypothalamus by mediating appetite and shows orexigenic effect. NPY emerges as a natural ligand of G-protein coupled receptors which activates the Y-receptors (Y1-Y6). But applications of NPY are limited due to shows the cost inefficiency and stability issues in the formulation design and development. In this review, authors present the findings on various therapeutic applications of NPY on different organ systems. Moreover, its role in food intake, sexual behavior, blood pressure, etc. by inhibiting calcium and activating potassium channels. The combination therapies of drugs with neuropeptide Y and its receptors will show new targets for treating diseases. Further evaluation and detection of NPY needs to be investigated for animal models of various diseases like retinal degeneration and immune mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Drashti Desai
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Campos EJ, Martins J, Brudzewsky D, Correia S, Santiago AR, Woldbye DP, Ambrósio AF. Impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus and sitagliptin treatment on the neuropeptide Y system of rat retina. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 46:783-795. [PMID: 29442423 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuromodulator that is expressed in the retina. Increasing evidence suggests that NPY has pronounced anti-inflammatory effects, which might depend on the inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and sitagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, on the NPY system in the retina using an animal model. METHODS Type 1 DM was induced in male Wistar rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Starting 2 weeks after DM onset, animals were treated orally with sitagliptin (5 mg/kg.day) for 2 weeks. The expression of NPY and NPY receptors (Y1 , Y2 and Y5 receptors) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The immunoreactivity of NPY and NPY receptors was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the [35 S]GTPγS binding assay was used to assess the functional binding of NPY receptors. RESULTS DM decreased the mRNA levels of NPY in the retina, as well as the protein levels of NPY and Y5 receptor. No changes were detected in the localization of NPY and NPY receptors in the retina and in the functional binding of NPY to all receptors. Sitagliptin alone reduced retinal NPY mRNA levels. The effects of DM on the NPY system were not affected by sitagliptin. CONCLUSION DM modestly affects the NPY system in the retina and these effects are not prevented by sitagliptin treatment. These observations suggest that DPP-IV enzyme is not underlying the NPY changes detected in the retina induced by type 1 DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J Campos
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dan Brudzewsky
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Santiago
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - David Pd Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Caolo V, Roblain Q, Lecomte J, Carai P, Peters L, Cuijpers I, Robinson EL, Derks K, Sergeys J, Noël A, Jones EAV, Moons L, Heymans S. Resistance to retinopathy development in obese, diabetic and hypertensive ZSF1 rats: an exciting model to identify protective genes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11922. [PMID: 30093686 PMCID: PMC6085379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29812-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes, which eventually leads to blindness. Up to date, no animal model has yet shown all the co-morbidities often observed in DR patients. Here, we investigated whether obese 42 weeks old ZSF1 rat, which spontaneously develops diabetes, hypertension and obesity, would be a suitable model to study DR. Although arteriolar tortuosity increased in retinas from obese as compared to lean (hypertensive only) ZSF1 rats, vascular density pericyte coverage, microglia number, vascular morphology and retinal thickness were not affected by diabetes. These results show that, despite high glucose levels, obese ZSF1 rats did not develop DR. Such observations prompted us to investigate whether the expression of genes, possibly able to contain DR development, was affected. Accordingly, mRNA sequencing analysis showed that genes (i.e. Npy and crystallins), known to have a protective role, were upregulated in retinas from obese ZSF1 rats. Lack of retina damage, despite obesity, hypertension and diabetes, makes the 42 weeks of age ZSF1 rats a suitable animal model to identify genes with a protective function in DR. Further characterisation of the identified genes and downstream pathways could provide more therapeutic targets for the treat DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Caolo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Quentin Roblain
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Julie Lecomte
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linsey Peters
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Cuijpers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Louise Robinson
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Derks
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Sergeys
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Heart Institute, Nl-HI, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Guerrera M, Abbate F, Di Caro G, Germanà G, Levanti M, Micale V, Montalbano G, Laurà R, Germanà A, Muglia U. Localization of cholecystokinin in the zebrafish retina from larval to adult stage. Ann Anat 2018; 218:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
21
|
Christiansen AT, Kiilgaard JF, Klemp K, Woldbye DPD, Hannibal J. Localization, distribution, and connectivity of neuropeptide Y in the human and porcine retinas-A comparative study. J Comp Neurol 2018; 526:1877-1895. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Folke Kiilgaard
- Department of Ophthalmology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Denmark
| | - Kristian Klemp
- Department of Ophthalmology; Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Denmark
| | - David Paul Drucker Woldbye
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity; Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| |
Collapse
|