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Musolino N, Rampacci E, Tolasi C, Beccati F, Passamonti F. Long-term outcomes of the Italian Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis control programme for dairy cattle. Vet Rec 2024; 194:e4044. [PMID: 38624266 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The considerable epidemiological and economic implications of paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), have placed importance on control efforts aimed at preventing MAP transmission. In this context, Italy issued national guidelines for the control and status certification of MAP in dairy cattle in 2013. METHODS We assessed the long-term outcomes of the Italian MAP control programme for 14 dairy farms located in northern Italy by retrospectively reviewing the results of yearly serological tests, presence of clinical cases, MAP faecal shedding in serologically positive animals, farm management and health ranking as indicators of herd health between 2014 and 2021. RESULTS A significantly higher number of serologically positive animals were observed between 2014 and 2016 than between 2017 and 2021, as well as an improving trend in the paratuberculosis health ranking for nine of the 14 farms. No clinical cases were reported. MAP shedding was detected in 9.4% of serologically positive animals. Discarding colostrum and prioritised culling of seropositive animals assisted by adoption of standardised serological testing were presumed to have a key role in MAP control, despite the reluctance of some farmers to address hygienic issues and improve the separation of calves from adult animals. LIMITATIONS The small number of farms included in this study and the fact that these were not randomly selected may limit the generalisability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS The Italian paratuberculosis control plan has provided measures to limit the uncontrolled spread of MAP infection within and between herds by promoting animal trading between farms certified as negative or low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Musolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Beccati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Vass-Bognár B, Khol JL, Baumgartner W, Fornyos K, Papp M, Abonyi-Tóth Z, Bakony M, Jurkovich V. Investigating the Prevalence of Paratuberculosis in Hungarian Large-Scale Dairy Herds and the Success of Control Measures over Four Years. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:151. [PMID: 38200881 PMCID: PMC10778156 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a severe, slow-developing, untreatable disease of ruminants. Worldwide, the disease affects more than 50% of herds in the dairy industry, and causes substantial economic losses for dairy producers. Diagnostic tests show limited sensitivity, especially in the early stages of the disease. Our study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in large-scale dairy herds in Hungary, in association with the self-reported presence or absence of screening and intervention measures against MAP transmission. We processed data from 42 large-scale Holstein Friesian farms in Hungary between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2021. An average of 32,009 (min.: 31,702; max.: 32,207) animals were blood sampled yearly (127,372 in total during the four years), corresponding to 15% of the Hungarian dairy cattle population. All female cattle older than 2 years were blood sampled on the farms enroled in the study. The samples were tested using a commercial ELISA (IDEXX paratuberculosis screening Ab test). Farm managers were interviewed about their on-farm diagnostic and intervention approaches using a uniform questionnaire, including questions on the level of awareness, frequency of ELISA and PCR testing, and their strategies for culling adult animals and reducing transmission to newborn calves. By comparing the annual rate of change in seroprevalence and the amount of change observed during the four-year period, we concluded that test-and-cull strategies implemented in parallel with newborn calf management that aimed at preventing MAP transmission were superior to test-and-cull strategies alone; moreover, fortifying culling decision making via additional ELISA and PCR tests is superior to using a single ELISA result. For farms that carried out a complex program with both "test-and-cull" and proper newborn calf management, there was a proportional reduction in apparent seroprevalence at an average of 22.8% per year. Fifteen of the sampled farms had no measures in place to control paratuberculosis. On these farms, the seroprevalence increased by 12.1% per year on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vass-Bognár
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Johannes Lorenz Khol
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Baumgartner
- University Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Melitta Papp
- Eurofins Vetcontrol Ltd., H-1211 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Abonyi-Tóth
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mikolt Bakony
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Viktor Jurkovich
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Mobile Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary;
- Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1078 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Association between calf rearing technology and farm-level paratuberculosis infection in Hungarian dairy farms. Prev Vet Med 2022; 207:105719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jordan AG, Citer LR, McAloon CG, Graham DA, Sergeant ESG, More SJ. Johne's disease in Irish dairy herds: considerations for an effective national control programme. Ir Vet J 2020; 73:18. [PMID: 32818053 PMCID: PMC7427772 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-020-00166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Irish dairy industry has established a reputation for the production of safe and healthy dairy products and is seeking to further expand its export market for high value dairy products. To support its reputation, stakeholders aim to control Johne’s disease. To assist decision-makers determine the most appropriate design for an Irish programme, a narrative review of the scientific literature on the epidemiology of Johne’s disease, and selected control programmes throughout the world was undertaken. Two modelling studies specifically commissioned by Animal Health Ireland to assess testing methods used to demonstrate confidence of freedom in herds and to evaluate a range of possible surveillance strategies provided additional information. The majority of control programmes tend to be voluntary, because of the unique epidemiology of Johne’s disease and limited support for traditional regulatory approaches. While acknowledging that test performance and sub-clinical sero-negative shedders contributes to the spread of infection, a range of socio-political issues also exist that influence programme activities. The paper provides a rationale for the inclusion of a Veterinary Risk Assessment and Management Plan (VRAMP), including voluntary whole herd testing to identify infected herds and to support assurance-based trading through repeated rounds of negative testing, national surveillance for herd-level case-detection, and improved understanding of biosecurity management practices. Identification and promotion of drivers for industry and producer engagement in Ireland is likely to guide the future evolution of the Irish Johne’s Control Programme (IJCP) and further enhance its success. The provision of training, education and extension activities may encourage farmers to adopt relevant farm management practices and help them recognize that they are ultimately responsible for their herd’s health and biosecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L R Citer
- Animal Health Ireland, 2-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Ireland
| | - C G McAloon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6 Ireland.,UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6 Ireland
| | - D A Graham
- Animal Health Ireland, 2-5 The Archways, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Ireland
| | | | - S J More
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6 Ireland.,UCD Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6 Ireland
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5
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Beaver A, Meagher RK, von Keyserlingk MAG, Weary DM. Invited review: A systematic review of the effects of early separation on dairy cow and calf health. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5784-5810. [PMID: 31079908 PMCID: PMC7094284 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Concern from the public is growing regarding early cow-calf separation, yet proponents of this practice maintain that artificial rearing is critical for cow and calf health. Early separation is assumed to reduce the risk of transfer of pathogens from dam to neonatal calf, but a wide range of health benefits associated with extended cow-calf contact has also been documented. The aim of this systematic review was to report and synthesize conclusions from the literature on dairy cow and calf health in conventional rearing versus cow-calf contact systems. Peer-reviewed, published manuscripts, written in English, directly comparing dairy cow or calf health in artificial versus suckling systems, were eligible for inclusion. We conducted 7 targeted searches using Web of Science to identify key literature on important health conditions. The resulting manuscripts underwent a 4-step appraisal process, and further manuscripts were sourced from reference lists. This process resulted in a final sample of 70 articles that addressed cow and calf health. Sufficient literature was available to assess mastitis in cows, and scours, cryptosporidiosis, Johne's disease, pneumonia, immunity, and mortality in calves. The results for cryptosporidiosis, pneumonia, immunity, and mortality were mixed, with some differences between studies likely attributable to flawed comparisons between cohorts. Overall, the articles addressing calf scours and mastitis pointed to beneficial or no effects of suckling. The studies addressing Johne's disease did not find cow-calf contact to be a significant risk factor. In conclusion, the scientific peer-reviewed literature on cow and calf health provides no consistent evidence in support of early separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Beaver
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Rebecca K Meagher
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom
| | - Marina A G von Keyserlingk
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Daniel M Weary
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, 2357 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada.
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6
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Whittington R, Donat K, Weber MF, Kelton D, Nielsen SS, Eisenberg S, Arrigoni N, Juste R, Sáez JL, Dhand N, Santi A, Michel A, Barkema H, Kralik P, Kostoulas P, Citer L, Griffin F, Barwell R, Moreira MAS, Slana I, Koehler H, Singh SV, Yoo HS, Chávez-Gris G, Goodridge A, Ocepek M, Garrido J, Stevenson K, Collins M, Alonso B, Cirone K, Paolicchi F, Gavey L, Rahman MT, de Marchin E, Van Praet W, Bauman C, Fecteau G, McKenna S, Salgado M, Fernández-Silva J, Dziedzinska R, Echeverría G, Seppänen J, Thibault V, Fridriksdottir V, Derakhshandeh A, Haghkhah M, Ruocco L, Kawaji S, Momotani E, Heuer C, Norton S, Cadmus S, Agdestein A, Kampen A, Szteyn J, Frössling J, Schwan E, Caldow G, Strain S, Carter M, Wells S, Munyeme M, Wolf R, Gurung R, Verdugo C, Fourichon C, Yamamoto T, Thapaliya S, Di Labio E, Ekgatat M, Gil A, Alesandre AN, Piaggio J, Suanes A, de Waard JH. Control of paratuberculosis: who, why and how. A review of 48 countries. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:198. [PMID: 31196162 PMCID: PMC6567393 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis, a chronic disease affecting ruminant livestock, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It has direct and indirect economic costs, impacts animal welfare and arouses public health concerns. In a survey of 48 countries we found paratuberculosis to be very common in livestock. In about half the countries more than 20% of herds and flocks were infected with MAP. Most countries had large ruminant populations (millions), several types of farmed ruminants, multiple husbandry systems and tens of thousands of individual farms, creating challenges for disease control. In addition, numerous species of free-living wildlife were infected. Paratuberculosis was notifiable in most countries, but formal control programs were present in only 22 countries. Generally, these were the more highly developed countries with advanced veterinary services. Of the countries without a formal control program for paratuberculosis, 76% were in South and Central America, Asia and Africa while 20% were in Europe. Control programs were justified most commonly on animal health grounds, but protecting market access and public health were other factors. Prevalence reduction was the major objective in most countries, but Norway and Sweden aimed to eradicate the disease, so surveillance and response were their major objectives. Government funding was involved in about two thirds of countries, but operations tended to be funded by farmers and their organizations and not by government alone. The majority of countries (60%) had voluntary control programs. Generally, programs were supported by incentives for joining, financial compensation and/or penalties for non-participation. Performance indicators, structure, leadership, practices and tools used in control programs are also presented. Securing funding for long-term control activities was a widespread problem. Control programs were reported to be successful in 16 (73%) of the 22 countries. Recommendations are made for future control programs, including a primary goal of establishing an international code for paratuberculosis, leading to universal acknowledgment of the principles and methods of control in relation to endemic and transboundary disease. An holistic approach across all ruminant livestock industries and long-term commitment is required for control of paratuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whittington
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - Karsten Donat
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology with Veterinary Ambulance, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - David Kelton
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Søren Saxmose Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Norma Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 29027 Podenzano, Italy
| | - Ramon Juste
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias Spain
| | - Jose Luis Sáez
- Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment, ES-28071 Madrid, Spain
| | - Navneet Dhand
- School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - Annalisa Santi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, 29027 Podenzano, Italy
| | - Anita Michel
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, 0110 South Africa
| | - Herman Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lorna Citer
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick on Shannon, Co. Leitrim, N41 WN27 Republic of Ireland
| | - Frank Griffin
- Disease Research Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, 9092 New Zealand
| | - Rob Barwell
- Animal Health Australia, Turner, ACT 2612 Australia
| | | | - Iva Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heike Koehler
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Animal Health, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Deparment of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281 406 India
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 South Korea
| | - Gilberto Chávez-Gris
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, 76750 Tequisquiapan, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Amador Goodridge
- Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, City of Knowledge, Panama City, 0843-01103 Panama
| | - Matjaz Ocepek
- National Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Instituto Vasco de Investigacion y Desarrollo Agrario-NEIKER, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | | | - Mike Collins
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53706-1102 USA
| | | | - Karina Cirone
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria, 7620 Balcarce, Argentina
| | | | - Lawrence Gavey
- Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350 Australia
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202 Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Cathy Bauman
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Quebec, J2S 6Z9 Canada
| | - Shawn McKenna
- Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Miguel Salgado
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Fernández-Silva
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia 050034076 Colombia
| | | | - Gustavo Echeverría
- Instituto de Investigación en Salud Pública y Zoonosis, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 17-03-100 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jaana Seppänen
- Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie Thibault
- ANSES Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort and GDS France, CS 28440, 79024 Niort Cedex, France
| | - Vala Fridriksdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland, IS-112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Masoud Haghkhah
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-69155 Iran
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicines, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Satoko Kawaji
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Eiichi Momotani
- Comparative Medical Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856 Japan
| | - Cord Heuer
- School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4441 New Zealand
| | | | - Simeon Cadmus
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Joanna Szteyn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ebba Schwan
- Swedish Farm and Animal Health, 62254 Romakloster, Sweden
| | | | - Sam Strain
- Animal Health and Welfare Northern Ireland, Dungannon Enterprise Centre, Dungannon, BT71 6JT UK
| | - Mike Carter
- USDA-APHIS-Veterinary Services, Riverdale, MD 20737 USA
| | - Scott Wells
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Musso Munyeme
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, 10101 Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Wolf
- Fachabteilung Gesundheit und Pflegemanagement, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ratna Gurung
- National Centre for Animal Health, Serbithang, Bhutan
| | - Cristobal Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christine Fourichon
- Oniris – INRA, Department Farm Animal Health and Public Health, 44307 Nantes cedex 3, France
| | - Takehisa Yamamoto
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856 Japan
| | - Sharada Thapaliya
- Faculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and Fisheries, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal
| | - Elena Di Labio
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, 3003 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Monaya Ekgatat
- National Institute of Animal Health, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Andres Gil
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Lasplaces 1620, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - José Piaggio
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Lasplaces 1620, CP 11600 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Suanes
- Ministry of Livestock Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay, CP 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- Servicio Autonomo Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Elucidating Transmission Patterns of Endemic Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Using Molecular Epidemiology. Vet Sci 2019; 6:vetsci6010032. [PMID: 30897720 PMCID: PMC6466016 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci6010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterial diseases are persistent and characterized by lengthy latent periods. Thus, epidemiological models require careful delineation of transmission routes. Understanding transmission routes will improve the quality and success of control programs. We aimed to study the infection dynamics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causal agent of ruminant Johne’s disease, and to distinguish within-host mutation from individual transmission events in a longitudinally MAP-defined dairy herd in upstate New York. To this end, semi-annual fecal samples were obtained from a single dairy herd over the course of seven years, in addition to tissue samples from a selection of culled animals. All samples were cultured for MAP, and multi-locus short-sequence repeat (MLSSR) typing was used to determine MAP SSR types. We concluded from these precise MAP infection data that, when the tissue burden remains low, the majority of MAP infections are not detectable by routine fecal culture but will be identified when tissue culture is performed after slaughter. Additionally, we determined that in this herd vertical infection played only a minor role in MAP transmission. By means of extensive and precise longitudinal data from a single dairy herd, we have come to new insights regarding MAP co-infections and within-host evolution.
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Puerto-Parada M, Arango-Sabogal JC, Paré J, Doré E, Côté G, Wellemans V, Buczinski S, Roy JP, Labrecque O, Fecteau G. Risk factors associated with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis herd status in Québec dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 2018; 152:74-80. [PMID: 29559108 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a chronic and contagious enteric disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Control of paratuberculosis is justified given the associated economic losses and the potential role of MAP in Crohn's disease in humans. Management practices that limit exposure of susceptible animals to MAP are more effective at reducing disease prevalence than testing and culling infected cows. The objective of this retrospective case-control study was to study the association between management practices and MAP status in dairy herds in Québec, Canada. A total of 26 case herds (MAP had been isolated from at least 1 environmental sample in each herd) and 91 control herds (no clinical cases of paratuberculosis and negative on 2 consecutive yearly environmental samplings) were selected among herds enrolled in the Québec Voluntary Paratuberculosis Control Program. A risk assessment questionnaire, completed at enrolment, was available for the selected herds. Culture of MAP was achieved using liquid media and the BACTEC 960 detection system. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between selected risk factors and MAP herd status. Herd size (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.33) and proportion of cows purchased per year in the last 5 years (OR = 5.44; 95% CI: 1.23-23.98) were significantly associated with a positive MAP herd status. The management risk factors identified in the present study are in accord with previous studies. Management practices aiming to prevent the introduction of new animals into the herd and to reduce the contact of newborn calves with adult animals or their feces are key elements to minimize MAP introduction and transmission into a herd. These elements should be prioritized in control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puerto-Parada
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Arango-Sabogal
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Julie Paré
- Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Doré
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Côté
- Direction générale des laboratoires et de la santé animale, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, Québec, G1P 4S8, Canada
| | - Vincent Wellemans
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Sébastien Buczinski
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Roy
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - Olivia Labrecque
- Laboratoire d'épidémiosurveillance animale du Québec, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7X9 Canada
| | - Gilles Fecteau
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada.
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9
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Arango-Sabogal JC, Paré J, Labrecque O, Côté G, Roy JP, Buczinski S, Wellemans V, Fecteau G. Incidence of fecal excretion of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in dairy cows before and after the enrolment in the Québec voluntary program. Prev Vet Med 2017; 148:94-105. [PMID: 29157379 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is a chronic and contagious enteric disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). This disease of worldwide distribution is responsible for significant economic losses and the bacteria itself has been linked to human Crohn's disease. Paratuberculosis control programs focus on reducing MAP transmission by implementing better management practices that target infection routes. In Québec, a Voluntary Paratuberculosis Prevention and Control Program (QVPPCP) was launched in 2007. The objectives of this prospective cohort study were threefold. The first was to describe the changes in the incidence of fecal excretion of MAP in cows born before and after farm enrolment in the QVPPCP. The second was to estimate the impact of the risk of within-herd transmission of MAP (measured by the risk assessment score (RAS)) on the incidence of fecal excretion of MAP. And the third was to evaluate the impact of calf rearing practices on the incidence of fecal excretion of MAP. Eighteen MAP-positive herds were visited annually from 2011 to 2015. At each visit, individual fecal samples from all adult cows were collected. MAP was cultured using liquid media and an automated system. A risk assessment questionnaire was completed upon enrolment in the QVPPCP and at each visit. The RAS of the farm was attributed to each cow according to its birthdate. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) for the exposure variables. Herd clustering was taken into account using robust standard errors. A total of 2158 cows were included (cohort born before n=919; cohort born after n=1239). The incidence and hazard of fecal excretion were significantly lower for the cohort-after than the cohort-before (incidence rate ratio=0.38; 95% CI: 0.18-0.78 and HR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.23-0.98). The HR of fecal excretion for cows exposed to a high RAS was 2.20 times (95% CI: 1.21-3.99) that of cows exposed to a low RAS. Poor calving cow hygiene (HR=3.41; 95% CI: 1.40-8.31) and contact between pre-weaned heifers and adult cows or their feces were significantly associated with an increased hazard of fecal excretion of MAP (HR=2.66; 95% CI: 1.08-6.56). Our results suggest that enrolment in the QVPPCP reduces the risk of MAP fecal excretion. They support the hypothesis that contact between calves and adult cows or their feces increases MAP transmission. The incidence results also suggest that MAP prevalence could be reduced to low levels regardless of initial MAP prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Arango-Sabogal
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - J Paré
- Agence canadienne d'inspection des aliments, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - O Labrecque
- Laboratoire d'épidémiosurveillance animale du Québec, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7X9, Canada
| | - G Côté
- Direction générale des laboratoires et de la santé animale, Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec, Québec, G1P 4S8, Canada
| | - J P Roy
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - S Buczinski
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - V Wellemans
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada
| | - G Fecteau
- Département de sciences cliniques, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 8H5, Canada.
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10
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Barkema HW, Orsel K, Nielsen SS, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG, Bannantine JP, Keefe GP, Kelton DF, Wells SJ, Whittington RJ, Mackintosh CG, Manning EJ, Weber MF, Heuer C, Forde TL, Ritter C, Roche S, Corbett CS, Wolf R, Griebel PJ, Kastelic JP, De Buck J. Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:125-148. [PMID: 28941207 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, many regional and country-wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within-farm and farm-to-farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S S Nielsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A P Koets
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | | | - G P Keefe
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - S J Wells
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - M F Weber
- GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - C Heuer
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - C Ritter
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Roche
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - C S Corbett
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Wolf
- Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Graz, Austria
| | | | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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11
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McAloon CG, Doherty ML, Whyte P, More SJ, O'Grady L, Citer L, Green MJ. Relative importance of herd-level risk factors for probability of infection with paratuberculosis in Irish dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:9245-9257. [PMID: 28888596 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Control of paratuberculosis is challenging due to the relatively poor performance of diagnostic tests, a prolonged incubation period, and protracted environmental survival. Prioritization of herd-level interventions is not possible because putative risk factors are often not supported by risk factor studies. The objective for this study was to investigate the relative importance of risk factors for an increased probability of herd paratuberculosis infection. Risk assessment data, comprehensive animal purchase history, and diagnostic test data were available for 936 Irish dairy herds. Both logistic regression and a Bayesian β regression on the outcome of a latent class analysis were conducted. Population attributable fractions and proportional reduction in variance explained were calculated for each variable in the logistic and Bayesian models, respectively. Routine use of the calving area for sick or lame cows was found to be a significant explanatory covariate in both models. Purchasing behavior for the previous 10 yr was not found to be significant. For the logistic model, length of time calves spend in the calving pen (25%) and routine use of the calving pen for sick or lame animals (14%) had the highest attributable fractions. For the Bayesian model, the overall R2 was 16%. Dry cow cleanliness (7%) and routine use of the calving area for sick or lame cows (6%) and had the highest proportional reduction in variance explained. These findings provide support for several management practices commonly recommended as part of paratuberculosis control programs; however, a large proportion of the observed variation in probability of infection remained unexplained, suggesting other important risks factors may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor G McAloon
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 W6F6.
| | - Michael L Doherty
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 W6F6
| | - Paul Whyte
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 W6F6
| | - Simon J More
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 W6F6
| | - Luke O'Grady
- Section of Herd Health and Animal Husbandry, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 W6F6
| | - Lorna Citer
- Animal Health Ireland, Carrick-on-Shannon, Co. Leitrim, Ireland, D04 W6F6
| | - Martin J Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom, LE12 5RD
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12
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Zancanaro G, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): paratuberculosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04960. [PMID: 32625604 PMCID: PMC7010113 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of paratuberculosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of paratuberculosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to paratuberculosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, paratuberculosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for paratuberculosis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several species of mammals and birds as susceptible species and some species of the families Bovidae, Cervidae and Leporidae as reservoirs.
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13
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Donat K, Schmidt M, Köhler H, Sauter-Louis C. Management of the calving pen is a crucial factor for paratuberculosis control in large dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2017; 99:3744-3752. [PMID: 26947285 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Improvement of hygiene and herd management to reduce the contact of calves with adult cow feces to prevent new infections is one of the basic strategies to manage paratuberculosis-affected dairy herds. Control programs should recommend an evidence-based selection of factors that demonstrably reduce the transmission of the infectious agent and decrease the prevalence of infected cattle to improve acceptance and implementation of the recommended measures among farmers. This study aimed to assess the influence of several management measures on control success in a longitudinal study in 28 large dairy herds with a median size of 415 cows in Thuringia, Germany. The cumulative incidence of cows shedding Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) per year was determined by individual fecal culture of all cows during 5 consecutive years. Relevant management practices as well as herd size, milk yield, and purchase of cattle were recorded by on-farm risk assessment. Mean holding time of MAP shedders within the herd was calculated from individual data of each shedding cow. Using multiple regression models, separate calving pens for shedders and disinfection of the pen after use were identified as significant risk factors that reduced the cumulative incidence of MAP shedders per year on the herd level. The results provide evidence that, in addition to other factors, calving hygiene and management of the calving pens are crucial for paratuberculosis control, particularly in large dairy herds. Considered together with the outcome from other studies, these results might be important to weight various risk factors and to avoid overburdening and overwhelming farmers and keeping them committed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Donat
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, Victor-Goerttler-Straße 4, 07775 Jena, Germany.
| | - Mandy Schmidt
- Animal Health Service, Saxon Animal Diseases Fund, Löwenstraße 7a, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heike Köhler
- Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Naumburger Straße 96a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carola Sauter-Louis
- Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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14
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Venegas-Vargas C, Manning SD, Coussens PM, Roussey JA, Bartlett P, Grooms D. Bovine Leukemia Virus and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Are Not Associated with Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Shedding in Cattle. J Food Prot 2017; 80:86-89. [PMID: 28221870 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that causes enzootic bovine leukosis in cattle, and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in cattle. Both diseases are chronic in nature and can lead to the disruption of normal immunological or physiological processes. Cattle are the major reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), a cause of foodborne illness in humans. We tested the hypothesis that cattle infected with BLV or MAP are more likely to shed STEC. We conducted a cross-sectional study during the summers of 2011 and 2012 in 11 Michigan cattle herds. A fecal sample from each animal was collected for STEC culture, and multiplex PCR for stx1, stx2, and eaeA was used to screen suspect colonies for STEC confirmation. Antibody detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for BLV and MAP were used to screen serum from each animal. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the percentage of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in a subsample (n =497) of blood samples. Of the animals sampled, 34.9% were BLV positive, 2.7% were MAP positive, and 16% were shedding STEC. Cattle in the dairy herds had a higher frequency of BLV and MAP than did those in beef herds, but more cattle in beef herds were shedding STEC. Neither BLV nor MAP was associated with STEC shedding (P values of 0.6838 and 0.3341, respectively). We also observed no association between STEC status and the percentage of neutrophils (P value of 0.3565), lymphocytes (P value of 0.8422), or the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (P value of 0.1800). Although controlling both BLV and MAP is important for overall herd health and productivity, we found no evidence that controlling BLV and MAP has an impact on STEC shedding in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Venegas-Vargas
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Shannon D Manning
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Paul M Coussens
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Jonathan A Roussey
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Paul Bartlett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Daniel Grooms
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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15
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Mitachi K, Sharma Gautam LN, Rice JH, Eda K, Wadhwa A, Momotani E, Hlopak JP, Eda S, Kurosu M. Structure determination of lipopeptides from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and identification of antigenic lipopeptide probes. Anal Biochem 2016; 505:29-35. [PMID: 27114041 PMCID: PMC4899129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic illnesses mostly in ruminants. MAP infection of intestinal tissue triggers a fatal inflammatory disorder, Johne's disease (paratuberculosis). Development of fast and reliable diagnostic methods for Johne's disease in clinically suspected ruminants requires the discovery of MAP-specific antigens that induce immune responses. Despite a longtime interest in finding such antigens that can detect serum antibody responses with high sensitivity, the antigens currently used for a diagnosis of the MAP infections are the crude extracts from the whole cell. We performed the serum antibody response assay-guided purification of the ethanol extract from MAP isolated from an infected cow. With the results of extensive fractionations and in vitro assays, we identified that arachidyl-d-Phe-N-Me-l-Val-l-Ile-l-Phe-l-Ala-OH (named lipopeptide IIß, 3) exhibited the highest antibody binding activity in serum of a MAP-infected cattle compared with the other lipopeptides isolated from MAP. The absolute chemistry of 3 was determined unequivocally via our high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-amino acid databases. α-Amino lipopeptide IIß and its fluorescent probes were synthesized and evaluated in serum antibody binding activity assays. Lipopeptide IIß-(2S)-NH2 (9) and its dansyl and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) probes (10 and 11) exhibited antibody-mediated binding activity; thus, such MAP-specific lipopeptide probes can be potential biomarkers for the development of rapid and accurate diagnosis of Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Lekh Nath Sharma Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Rice
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Keiko Eda
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ashutosh Wadhwa
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Eiichi Momotani
- Department of Human Care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Nishi Fukaya, Saitama, 366-0052, Japan
| | - Joseph P Hlopak
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Shigetoshi Eda
- Center for Wildlife Health, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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16
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Li L, Katani R, Schilling M, Kapur V. Molecular Epidemiology ofMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosison Dairy Farms. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2016; 4:155-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021815-111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; , , ,
| | - Robab Katani
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; , , ,
| | - Megan Schilling
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; , , ,
| | - Vivek Kapur
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; , , ,
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17
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Martcheva M, Lenhart S, Eda S, Klinkenberg D, Momotani E, Stabel J. An immuno-epidemiological model for Johne's disease in cattle. Vet Res 2015; 46:69. [PMID: 26091672 PMCID: PMC4474574 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the mechanisms involved in the dynamics of Johne’s disease in dairy cattle, this paper illustrates a novel way to link a within-host model for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis with an epidemiological model. The underlying variable in the within-host model is the time since infection. Two compartments, infected macrophages and T cells, of the within-host model feed into the epidemiological model through the direct transmission rate, disease-induced mortality rate, the vertical transmission rate, and the shedding of MAP into the environment. The epidemiological reproduction number depends on the within-host bacteria load in a complex way, exhibiting multiple peaks. A possible mechanism to account for the switch in shedding patterns of the bacteria in this disease is included in the within-host model, and its effect can be seen in the epidemiological reproduction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Martcheva
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, 358 Little Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Suzanne Lenhart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Shigetoshi Eda
- Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - Don Klinkenberg
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CL, The Netherlands. .,Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Eiichi Momotani
- Department of Human-care, Tohto College of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Fukaya, Saitama, 366-0052, Japan.
| | - Judy Stabel
- National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
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18
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Rónai Z, Csivincsik Á, Gyuranecz M, Kreizinger Z, Dán Á, Jánosi S. Molecular analysis and MIRU-VNTR typing of Mycobacterium avium
subsp. paratuberculosis
strains from various sources. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:275-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Rónai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate; National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO); Budapest Hungary
| | - Á. Csivincsik
- Food-chain Safety and Animal Health Directorate; Government Office of Somogy County; Kaposvár Hungary
| | - M. Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research; Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Z. Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research; Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
| | - Á. Dán
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate; National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO); Budapest Hungary
| | - S. Jánosi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate; National Food Chain Safety Office (NFCSO); Budapest Hungary
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19
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Radia D, Bond K, Limon G, van Winden S, Guitian J. Relationship between periparturient management, prevalence of MAP and preventable economic losses in UK dairy herds. Vet Rec 2013; 173:343. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Radia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - K. Bond
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
- DairyCo; Agriculture & Horticulture Development Board, Stoneleigh Park Kenilworth Warwickshire CV8 2TL UK
| | - G. Limon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - S. van Winden
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
| | - J. Guitian
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health Group. The Royal Veterinary College; Hawkshead Lane North Mymms Hatfield AL9 7TA UK
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20
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Espejo LA, Godden S, Hartmann WL, Wells SJ. Reduction in incidence of Johne's disease associated with implementation of a disease control program in Minnesota demonstration herds. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:4141-52. [PMID: 22720971 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a standardized control program on the incidence of Johne's disease in 8 dairy herds in Minnesota. Depending on recruitment year, herds were followed for between 5 and 10 yr. Program compliance was evaluated using a cohort risk assessment score by birth cohort. Fecal samples from cows in study herds were tested annually using bacterial culture to detect Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and serum samples from study cows were tested using an ELISA to detect antibodies to MAP. Clinical Johne's disease was also recorded. Cohort risk assessment score decreased along birth cohorts. Depending on the follow-up period in each herd, 5 to 8 birth cohorts were followed to describe changes in time to MAP bacterial culture positivity, serum ELISA positivity, MAP heavy shedding status, and clinical Johne's disease. The analysis of time to bacterial culture positivity, serum ELISA positivity, heavy fecal shedding status, and clinical Johne's disease using a time-dependent Cox regression indicated a reduction of the instantaneous hazard ratio by birth cohorts and by cohort risk score; however, the strength of association between the cohort risk score and each of the 4 disease outcomes decreased over time. The age at which the cows first tested positive for bacterial culture, serum ELISA, and heavy fecal shedding, and the age of the cows at onset of clinical Johne's disease signs remained constant for all birth cohorts. Based on herd risk scores, overall herds complied with the recommended management practices in the program. Results were consistent with a within-herd reduction of Johne's disease transmission, and that reduction was associated with herd-level management practices implemented as part of the control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Espejo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA.
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