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Soda K, Kashiwabara M, Miura K, Ung TTH, Nguyen HLK, Ito H, Le MQ, Ito T. Characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam. Virus Genes 2020; 56:712-723. [PMID: 32996077 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have persisted in domestic poultry in wet markets in East Asian countries. We have performed ongoing virus surveillance in poultry populations in Vietnam since 2011, with the goal of controlling avian influenza. Throughout this study, 110 H3 AIVs were isolated from 2760 swab samples of poultry in markets and duck farms. H3 hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the isolates were phylogenetically classified into eight groups (I-VIII). Genetic diversity was also observed in the other seven gene segments. Groups I-IV also included AIVs from wild waterbirds. The epidemic strains in poultry switched from groups I-III and VI to groups I, IV, V, and VIII around 2013. H3 AIVs in groups I and V were maintained in poultry until at least 2016, which likely accompanied their dissemination from the northern to the southern regions of Vietnam. Groups VI-VIII AIVs were antigenically distinct from the other groups. Some H3 AIV isolates had similar N6 neuraminidase and matrix genes as H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs). These results reveal that genetically and antigenically different H3 AIVs have been co-circulating in poultry in Vietnam. Poultry is usually reared outside in this country and is at risk of infection with wild waterbird-originating AIVs. In poultry flocks, the intruded H3 AIVs must have experienced antigenic drift/shift and genetic reassortment, which could contribute to the emergence of H5 HPAIVs with novel gene constellations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Soda
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mina Kashiwabara
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kozue Miura
- Vietnam Research Station, Nagasaki University, c/o National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No. 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Trang T H Ung
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No. 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang L K Nguyen
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No. 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Mai Q Le
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No. 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Joint Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan. .,Faculty of Agriculture, Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan.
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Suttie A, Karlsson EA, Deng YM, Hurt AC, Greenhill AR, Barr IG, Dussart P, Horwood PF. Avian influenza in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2003-2018. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103920. [PMID: 31201870 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The persistent circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is an ongoing problem for many countries in South East Asia, causing large economic losses to both the agricultural and health sectors. This review analyses AIV diversity, evolution and the risk of AIV emergence in humans in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (excluding China). The analysis was based on AIV sequencing data, serological studies, published journal articles and AIV outbreak reports available from January 2003 to December 2018. All countries of the GMS have suffered losses due repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 that has also caused human cases in all GMS countries. In Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam AIV outbreaks in domestic poultry have also been caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6. A diverse range of low pathogenic AIVs (H1-H12) have been detected in poultry and wild bird species, though surveillance for and characterization of these subtypes is limited. Subtype H3, H4, H6 and H11 viruses have been detected over prolonged periods; whilst H1, H2, H7, H8, H10 and H12 viruses have only been detected transiently. H9 AIVs circulate endemically in Cambodia and Vietnam with seroprevalence data indicating human exposure to H9 AIVs in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As surveillance studies focus heavily on the detection of H5 AIVs in domestic poultry further research is needed to understand the true level of AIV diversity and the risk AIVs pose to humans in the GMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Fujimoto Y, Tomioka Y, Takakuwa H, Uechi GI, Yabuta T, Ozaki K, Suyama H, Yamamoto S, Morimatsu M, Mai LQ, Yamashiro T, Ito T, Otsuki K, Ono E. Cross-protective potential of anti-nucleoprotein human monoclonal antibodies against lethal influenza A virus infection. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:2104-2116. [PMID: 27260213 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoprotein (NP) possesses regions that are highly conserved among influenza A viruses, and has therefore been one of the target viral proteins for development of a universal influenza vaccine. It has been expected that human or humanized antibodies will be made available for the prophylaxis, pre-emptive and acute treatment of viral infection. However, it is still unclear whether anti-NP human antibody can confer protection against influenza virus infection. In this study, we generated transgenic mice expressing anti-NP human mAbs derived from lymphocytes of a patient infected with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, and experimental infections were conducted to examine antiviral effects of the anti-NP antibodies against H5N1 HPAI viral infections with a high fatality rate in mammals. Transgenic mouse lines expressing the anti-NP human mAbs at more than 1 mg ml-1 showed marked resistance to H5N1 virus infections. In addition, resistance to infection with an H1N1 subtype that shows strong pathogenicity to mice was also confirmed. Although the anti-NP mAbs expressed in the transgenic mice did not neutralize the virus, the mAbs could bind to NP located on the surface of infected cells. These results suggested a possibility that the non-neutralizing anti-NP human mAbs could induce indirect antiviral effects, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrated that anti-NP human mAbs play an important role in heterosubtypic protection against lethal influenza virus infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Fujimoto
- Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Tomioka
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takakuwa
- Avian Influenza Research Center, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Uechi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 851-2125, Japan
| | - Toshiyo Yabuta
- Avian Influenza Research Center, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kinuyo Ozaki
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Haruka Suyama
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayo Yamamoto
- Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masami Morimatsu
- Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Le Quynh Mai
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, No. 1 Yersin Street, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 851-2125, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Koichi Otsuki
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Avian Influenza Research Center, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ono
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Center of Biomedical Research, Research Center for Human Disease Modeling, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Lee EK, Kang HM, Kim KI, Choi JG, To TL, Nguyen TD, Song BM, Jeong J, Choi KS, Kim JY, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kim JH. Genetic evolution of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic poultry in Vietnam between 2011 and 2013. Poult Sci 2015; 94:650-61. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Seroprevalence survey of avian influenza A(H5N1) among live poultry market workers in northern Viet Nam, 2011. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2014; 5:21-6. [PMID: 25685601 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2014.5.2.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) is endemic in poultry in Viet Nam. The country has experienced the third highest number of human infections with influenza A(H5N1) in the world. A study in Hanoi in 2001, before the epizootic that was identified in 2003, found influenza A(H5N1) specific antibodies in 4% of poultry market workers (PMWs). We conducted a seroprevalence survey to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to influenza A(H5N1) among PMWs in Hanoi, Thaibinh and Thanhhoa provinces. METHODS We selected PMWs from five markets, interviewed them and collected blood samples. These were then tested using a horse haemagglutination inhibition assay and a microneutralization assay with all three clades of influenza A(H5N1) viruses that have circulated in Viet Nam since 2004. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence was 6.1% (95% confidence interval: 4.6-8.3). The highest proportion (7.2%) was found in PMWs in Hanoi, and the majority of seropositive subjects (70.3%) were slaughterers or sellers of poultry. DISCUSSION The continued circulation and evolution of influenza A(H5N1) requires comprehensive surveillance of both human and animal sites throughout the country with follow-up studies on PMWs to estimate the risk of avian-human transmission of influenza A(H5N1) in Viet Nam.
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Wu C, Lu X, Wang X, Jin T, Cheng X, Fang S, Wang X, Ma H, Zhang R, Cheng J. Clinical symptoms, immune factors, and molecular characteristics of an adult male in Shenzhen, China infected with influenza virus H5N1. J Med Virol 2013; 85:760-8. [PMID: 23508902 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
On December 29, 2011, a man infected with a subclade of the H5N1 virus was confirmed in Shenzhen, China. The clinical symptoms and immune factors of the patient were investigated and the phylogenetic and molecular characteristics of the virus were analyzed. High fever, rapid development of serious pneumonia and multi-organ failure were the main clinical symptoms. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that PaCO2 rose sharply and PO2 decreased. Leukocyte and platelet counts decreased rapidly. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts indicated lymphopenia and inverted ratios of CD4(+) to CD8(+) cells. Cytokine analysis showed that the levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-r continued to increase, whereas the levels of IL-12 and TNFs decreased during the clinical course. MCP-1 and IP-10 remained at a high level after infection. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the virus A/Shenzhen/1/2011 belongs to the new subclade 2.3.2.1. An Arg (R) insertion at P6 and an RP8I substitution in the HA cleavage site motif were detected in the virus. Compared to the vaccine strain, 16 specific substitutions occurred in the HA1 protein. Some of them were located on the receptor-binding site, glycosylation site and the region of the antigenic determinant. In summary, serious complications and immune system disorders were the main features of the infection with H5N1. Gene variation did not weaken the highly pathogenic features of viruses and the pathogenicity and antigenicity of the new subclade virus were changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, China
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Okamatsu M, Nishi T, Nomura N, Yamamoto N, Sakoda Y, Sakurai K, Chu HD, Thanh LP, Van Nguyen L, Van Hoang N, Tien TN, Yoshida R, Takada A, Kida H. The genetic and antigenic diversity of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks, muscovy ducks, and chickens in northern and southern Vietnam, 2010–2012. Virus Genes 2013; 47:317-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kis Z, Jones J, Creanga A, Ferdinand K, Inui K, Gerloff N, Davis CT, Nguyen T, Donis RO. Real-time RT-PCR assay to differentiate clades of H5N1 avian influenza viruses circulating in Vietnam. J Virol Methods 2013; 193:452-8. [PMID: 23850699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Continued circulation and geographical expansion of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus have led to the emergence of numerous clades in Vietnam. Although viral RNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis are the gold standard for H5N1 HA clade designation, limited sequencing capacity in many laboratories precludes rapid H5N1 clade identification and detection of novel viruses. Therefore, a Taqman real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid differentiation of the four major H5N1 clades detected in Vietnam was developed. Using HA sequence alignments of clades 1.1, 2.3.2.1, 2.3.4, and 7 viruses, primers and FAM-labeled probes were designed to target conserved regions characteristic of each clade. The assay was optimized and evaluated using circulating clades of H5N1 collected in Vietnam from 2007 to 2012 and shown to be both sensitive and specific for the differentiation of the four H5N1 clades. The assay provides a useful tool for screening of large specimen collections for HA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis and for the rapid identification of molecular clade signatures to support outbreak investigations and surveillance activities. Finally, this assay may be useful to monitor for the emergence of novel or variant clades of H5N1 in Vietnam in the future or in other countries where these particular clades may circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kis
- Influenza Division, CDC, USA; National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary
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Multiplex nested RT-PCR for detecting avian influenza virus, infectious bronchitis virus and Newcastle disease virus. J Virol Methods 2012; 188:41-6. [PMID: 23261801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multiplex nested RT-PCR (mnRT-PCR) was applied to simultaneous detect multiplex PCR with the higher sensitivity of nested PCR that is required for avian influenza, infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease virus using two steps of amplification. For the first PCR, primers that were specific for each virus were newly designed from the nucleoprotein gene of AIV, the nucleocapsid protein gene of IBV and the fusion protein gene of NDV to amplify products of 665, 386 and 236 nucleotides, respectively. The multiplex PCR step provides mass amplification using common primers, which increased markedly the sensitivity of the test. Non-specific reactions were not observed when other viruses and bacteria were used for evaluating the mnRT-PCR. As a field application, 172 samples were tested by RT-PCR and mnRT-PCR. Among these samples, the concordance rates for mnRT-PCR and the single conventional RT-PCR showed 98.9% (kappa=0.98) and 98.8% (kappa=0.96) similarity for IBV and AIV, respectively. As a result, it is recommended the multiplex nested PCR as an effective tool for detecting and studying the molecular epidemiology of various mixed infections of one or more of these viruses in poultry.
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