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Siegers JY, Wille M, Yann S, Tok S, Sin S, Chea S, Porco A, Sours S, Chim V, Chea S, Chhel K, Tum S, Sorn S, Hak M, Thielen P, Dhanasekaran V, Karlsson EA. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of contemporary H14N2 Avian influenza A virus in domestic ducks in Southeast Asia (Cambodia). Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2297552. [PMID: 38112157 PMCID: PMC11025406 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2297552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia is a complex system with numerous subtypes and a highly porous wild birds-poultry interface. Certain AIV subtypes, such as H14, are underrepresented in current surveillance efforts, leaving gaps in our understanding of their ecology and evolution. The detection of rare subtype H14 in domestic ducks in Southeast Asia comprises a geographic region and domestic bird population previously unassociated with this subtype. These H14 viruses have a complex evolutionary history involving gene reassortment events. They share sequence similarity to AIVs endemic in Cambodian ducks, and Eurasian low pathogenicity and high pathogenicity H5Nx AIVs. The detection of these H14 viruses in Southeast Asian domestic poultry further advances our knowledge of the ecology and evolution of this subtype and reinforces the need for continued, longitudinal, active surveillance in domestic and wild birds. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro risk assessment should encompass rare AIV subtypes, as they have the potential to establish in poultry systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre Y. Siegers
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Michelle Wille
- Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sarath Sin
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokha Chea
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alice Porco
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyem Sours
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vutha Chim
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Samban Chea
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kimtuo Chhel
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - San Sorn
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Makara Hak
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Peter Thielen
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Sievers BL, Siegers JY, Cadènes JM, Hyder S, Sparaciari FE, Claes F, Firth C, Horwood PF, Karlsson EA. "Smart markets": harnessing the potential of new technologies for endemic and emerging infectious disease surveillance in traditional food markets. J Virol 2024; 98:e0168323. [PMID: 38226809 PMCID: PMC10878043 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01683-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging and endemic zoonotic diseases continue to threaten human and animal health, our social fabric, and the global economy. Zoonoses frequently emerge from congregate interfaces where multiple animal species and humans coexist, including farms and markets. Traditional food markets are widespread across the globe and create an interface where domestic and wild animals interact among themselves and with humans, increasing the risk of pathogen spillover. Despite decades of evidence linking markets to disease outbreaks across the world, there remains a striking lack of pathogen surveillance programs that can relay timely, cost-effective, and actionable information to decision-makers to protect human and animal health. However, the strategic incorporation of environmental surveillance systems in markets coupled with novel pathogen detection strategies can create an early warning system capable of alerting us to the risk of outbreaks before they happen. Here, we explore the concept of "smart" markets that utilize continuous surveillance systems to monitor the emergence of zoonotic pathogens with spillover potential.IMPORTANCEFast detection and rapid intervention are crucial to mitigate risks of pathogen emergence, spillover and spread-every second counts. However, comprehensive, active, longitudinal surveillance systems at high-risk interfaces that provide real-time data for action remain lacking. This paper proposes "smart market" systems harnessing cutting-edge tools and a range of sampling techniques, including wastewater and air collection, multiplex assays, and metagenomic sequencing. Coupled with robust response pathways, these systems could better enable Early Warning and bolster prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Sievers
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jurre Y. Siegers
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jimmy M. Cadènes
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences, AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
| | - Sudipta Hyder
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Frida E. Sparaciari
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Filip Claes
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Asia Pacific Region, Bangkok, Thailand
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cadhla Firth
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- EcoHealth Alliance, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- CANARIES: Consortium of Animal Networks to Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- CANARIES: Consortium of Animal Networks to Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance
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3
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Abd Alhadi M, Friedman LM, Karlsson EA, Cohen-Lavi L, Burkovitz A, Schultz-Cherry S, Noah TL, Weir SS, Shulman LM, Beck MA, Hertz T. Obesity Is Associated with an Impaired Baseline Repertoire of Anti-Influenza Virus Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0001023. [PMID: 37098954 PMCID: PMC10269616 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00010-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for severe disease and mortality for both influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. While previous studies show that individuals with obesity generate antibody responses following influenza vaccination, infection rates within the obese group were twice as high as those in the healthy-weight group. The repertoire of antibodies raised against influenza viruses following previous vaccinations and/or natural exposures is referred to here as baseline immune history (BIH). To investigate the hypothesis that obesity impacts immune memory to infections and vaccines, we profiled the BIH of obese and healthy-weight adults vaccinated with the 2010-2011 seasonal influenza vaccine in response to conformational and linear antigens. Despite the extensive heterogeneity of the BIH profiles in both groups, there were striking differences between obese and healthy subjects, especially with regard to A/H1N1 strains and the 2009 pandemic virus (Cal09). Individuals with obesity had lower IgG and IgA magnitude and breadth for a panel of A/H1N1 whole viruses and hemagglutinin proteins from 1933 to 2009 but increased IgG magnitude and breadth for linear peptides from the Cal09 H1 and N1 proteins. Age was also associated with A/H1N1 BIH, with young individuals with obesity being more likely to have reduced A/H1N1 BIH. We found that individuals with low IgG BIH had significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers than individuals with high IgG BIH. Taken together, our findings suggest that increased susceptibility of obese participants to influenza infection may be mediated in part by obesity-associated differences in the memory B-cell repertoire, which cannot be ameliorated by current seasonal vaccination regimens. Overall, these data have vital implications for the next generation of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. IMPORTANCE Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccination is the most effective strategy for preventing influenza virus infection, our previous studies showed that influenza vaccines fail to provide optimal protection in obese individuals despite reaching canonical correlates of protection. Here, we show that obesity may impair immune history in humans and cannot be overcome by seasonal vaccination, especially in younger individuals with decreased lifetime exposure to infections and seasonal vaccines. Low baseline immune history is associated with decreased protective antibody responses. Obesity potentially handicaps overall responses to vaccination, biasing it toward responses to linear epitopes, which may reduce protective capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that young obese individuals are at an increased risk of reduced protection by vaccination, likely due to altered immune history biased toward nonprotective antibody responses. Given the worldwide obesity epidemic coupled with seasonal respiratory virus infections and the inevitable next pandemic, it is imperative that we understand and improve vaccine efficacy in this high-risk population. The design, development, and usage of vaccines for and in obese individuals may need critical evaluation, and immune history should be considered an alternate correlate of protection in future vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abd Alhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M. Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Burkovitz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Terry L. Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel S. Weir
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lester M. Shulman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Melinda A. Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
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4
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Jimenez-Bluhm P, Siegers JY, Tan S, Sharp B, Freiden P, Johow M, Orozco K, Ruiz S, Baumberger C, Galdames P, Gonzalez MA, Rojas C, Karlsson EA, Hamilton-West C, Schultz-Cherry S. Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Highly Pathogenic A/H5N1 Avian Influenza Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Chile, 2022. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023:2220569. [PMID: 37254689 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2220569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jurre Y Siegers
- Virology Unit, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Shaoyuan Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Katherinne Orozco
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Soledad Ruiz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Baumberger
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Galdames
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Antonieta Gonzalez
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Rojas
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Unidad de Epidemiologia, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Boukli N, Flamand C, Chea KL, Heng L, Keo S, Sour K, In S, Chhim P, Chhor B, Kruy L, Feenstra JDM, Gandhi M, Okafor O, Ulekleiv C, Auerswald H, Horm VS, Karlsson EA. One assay to test them all: Multiplex assays for expansion of respiratory virus surveillance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1161268. [PMID: 37168265 PMCID: PMC10165998 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1161268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular multiplex assays (MPAs) for simultaneous detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a single RT-PCR reaction reduce time and increase efficiency to identify multiple pathogens with overlapping clinical presentation but different treatments or public health implications. Clinical performance of XpertXpress® SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV (Cepheid, GX), TaqPath™ COVID-19, FluA/B, RSV Combo kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TP), and PowerChek™ SARS-CoV-2/Influenza A&B/RSV Multiplex RT-PCR kit II (KogeneBiotech, PC) was compared to individual Standards of Care (SoC). Thirteen isolates of SARS-CoV-2, human seasonal influenza, and avian influenza served to assess limit of detection (LoD). Then, positive and negative residual nasopharyngeal specimens, collected under public health surveillance and pandemic response served for evaluation. Subsequently, comparison of effectiveness was assessed. The three MPAs confidently detect all lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. MPA-LoDs vary from 1 to 2 Log10 differences from SoC depending on assay and strain. Clinical evaluation resulted in overall agreement between 97 and 100%, demonstrating a high accuracy to detect all targets. Existing differences in costs, testing burden and implementation constraints influence the choice in primary or community settings. TP, PC and GX, reliably detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza and RSV simultaneously, with reduced time-to-results and simplified workflows. MPAs have the potential to enhance diagnostics, surveillance system, and epidemic response to drive policy on prevention and control of viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjis Boukli
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Kim Lay Chea
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Leangyi Heng
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seangmai Keo
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kimhoung Sour
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophea In
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Panha Chhim
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bunthea Chhor
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Lomor Kruy
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Manoj Gandhi
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco CA, United States
| | - Obiageli Okafor
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, South San Francisco CA, United States
| | | | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Viseth Srey Horm
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, National Influenza Center, WHO H5 Regional Reference Laboratory, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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6
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Horwood PF, Horm SV, Yann S, Tok S, Chan M, Suttie A, Y P, Rith S, Siegers JY, San S, Davun H, Tum S, Ly S, Tarantola A, Dussart P, Karlsson EA. Aerosol exposure of live bird market workers to viable influenza A/H5N1 and A/H9N2 viruses, Cambodia. Zoonoses Public Health 2023; 70:171-175. [PMID: 36409285 PMCID: PMC10098856 DOI: 10.1111/zph.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Live bird markets (LBMs) have been identified as key factors in the spread, persistence and evolution of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). In addition, these settings have been associated with human infections with AIVs of pandemic concern. Exposure to aerosolised AIVs by workers in a Cambodian LBM was assessed using aerosol impact samplers. LBM vendors were asked to wear an air sampler for 30 min per day for 1 week while continuing their usual activities in the LBM during a period of high AIV circulation (February) and a period of low circulation (May). During the period of high circulation, AIV RNA was detected from 100% of the air samplers using molecular methods and viable AIV (A/H5N1 and/or A/H9N2) was isolated from 50% of air samplers following inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs. In contrast, AIV was not detected by molecular methods or successfully isolated during the period of low circulation. This study demonstrates the increased risk of aerosol exposure of LBM workers to AIVs during periods of high circulation and highlights the need for interventions during these high-risk periods. Novel approaches, such as environmental sampling, should be further explored at key high-risk interfaces as a potentially cost-effective alternative for monitoring pandemic threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Malen Chan
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phalla Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jurre Y Siegers
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sorn San
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Holl Davun
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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7
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Hyder S, Sievers BL, Flamand C, TagoPacheco D, Chan M, Claes F, Karlsson EA. Influx of Backyard Farming with Limited Biosecurity Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Carries an Increased Risk of Zoonotic Spillover in Cambodia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0420722. [PMID: 36515551 PMCID: PMC9927512 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04207-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Backyard farming with limited biosecurity creates a massive potential for zoonotic spillover. Cambodia, a developing nation in Southeast Asia, is a hub for emerging and endemic infectious diseases. Due to pandemic-induced job losses in the tourism sector, rumors suggest that many former Cambodian tour guides have turned to backyard farming as a source of income and food security. A cross-sectional study including 331 tour guides and 69 poultry farmers in Cambodia before and during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was conducted. Participants were administered a survey to assess food security, income, and general farming practices. Survey data were collected to evaluate the risk perceptions for avian influenza virus (AIV), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and general biosecurity management implemented on these poultry farms. Overall, food security decreased for 80.1% of the tour guides during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately 21% of the tour guides interviewed used backyard poultry farming to supplement losses of income and food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significantly higher risk than for traditional poultry farmers. Agricultural intensification in Cambodia due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an influx of makeshift farms with limited biosecurity. Inadequate biosecurity measures in animal farms can facilitate spillover and contribute to future pandemics. Improved biosecurity and robust viral surveillance systems are critical for reducing the risk of spillover from backyard farms. IMPORTANCE While this study highlights COVID-19-associated changes in poultry production at a small scale in Cambodia, poultry production is expected to expand due to an increase in the global demand for poultry protein during the pandemic, changes in urbanization, and the reduction of the global pork supply caused by African swine fever (ASF). The global demand and surge in poultry products, combined with inadequate biosecurity methods, can lead to an increased risk of domestic animal and human spillovers of zoonotic pathogens such as avian influenza. Countries in regions of endemicity are often plagued by complex emergency situations (i.e., food insecurity and economic fallouts) that hinder efforts to effectively address the emergence (or reemergence) of zoonotic diseases. Thus, novel surveillance strategies for endemic and emerging infectious diseases require robust surveillance systems and biosecurity training programs to prevent future global pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Hyder
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Claude Flamand
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Damian TagoPacheco
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malen Chan
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Filip Claes
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD) of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand
- CANARIES, Consortium of Animal Networks To Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- CANARIES, Consortium of Animal Networks To Assess Risk of Emerging Infectious Diseases through Enhanced Surveillance, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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8
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Edwards KM, Siegers JY, Wei X, Aziz A, Deng YM, Yann S, Bun C, Bunnary S, Izzard L, Hak M, Thielen P, Tum S, Wong F, Lewis NS, James J, Claes F, Barr IG, Dhanasekaran V, Karlsson EA. Detection of Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Cambodia, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:170-174. [PMID: 36573541 PMCID: PMC9796211 DOI: 10.3201/eid2901.220934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were detected in domestic ducks in poultry markets in Cambodia. Surveillance, biosafety, and biosecurity efforts should be bolstered along the poultry value chain to limit spread and infection risk at the animal-human interface.
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9
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Su YCF, Ma JZJ, Ou TP, Pum L, Krang S, Raftery P, Kinzer MH, Bohl J, Ieng V, Kab V, Patel S, Sar B, Ying WF, Jayakumar J, Horm VS, Boukli N, Yann S, Troupin C, Heang V, Garcia-Rivera JA, Sengdoeurn Y, Heng S, Lay S, Chea S, Darapheak C, Savuth C, Khalakdina A, Ly S, Baril L, Manning JE, Simone-Loriere E, Duong V, Dussart P, Sovann L, Smith GJD, Karlsson EA. Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Cambodia, January 2020 to February 2021. Virus Evol 2022; 9:veac121. [PMID: 36654682 PMCID: PMC9838690 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Cambodia was confirmed on 27 January 2020 in a traveller from Wuhan. Cambodia subsequently implemented strict travel restrictions, and although intermittent cases were reported during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, no apparent widespread community transmission was detected. Investigating the routes of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduction into the country was critical for evaluating the implementation of public health interventions and assessing the effectiveness of social control measures. Genomic sequencing technologies have enabled rapid detection and monitoring of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Here, we detected 478 confirmed COVID-19 cases in Cambodia between 27 January 2020 and 14 February 2021, 81.3 per cent in imported cases. Among them, fifty-four SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced and analysed along with representative global lineages. Despite the low number of confirmed cases, we found a high diversity of Cambodian viruses that belonged to at least seventeen distinct PANGO lineages. Phylogenetic inference of SARS-CoV-2 revealed that the genetic diversity of Cambodian viruses resulted from multiple independent introductions from diverse regions, predominantly, Eastern Asia, Europe, and Southeast Asia. Most cases were quickly isolated, limiting community spread, although there was an A.23.1 variant cluster in Phnom Penh in November 2020 that resulted in a small-scale local transmission. The overall low incidence of COVID-19 infections suggests that Cambodia's early containment strategies, including travel restrictions, aggressive testing and strict quarantine measures, were effective in preventing large community outbreaks of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne C F Su
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
| | - Jordan Z J Ma
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
| | - Tey Putita Ou
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
- Ecole Doctorale GAIA, University of Montpelier, 641 Av. du Doyen Gaston Giraud, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Leakhena Pum
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Sidonn Krang
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Philomena Raftery
- World Health Organization Country Office, 5 - St 205, Phnom Penh 12355, Cambodia
| | - Michael H Kinzer
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Jennifer Bohl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- International Center of Excellence in Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vanra Ieng
- World Health Organization Country Office, 5 - St 205, Phnom Penh 12355, Cambodia
| | - Vannda Kab
- World Health Organization Country Office, 5 - St 205, Phnom Penh 12355, Cambodia
| | - Sarika Patel
- World Health Organization Country Office, 5 - St 205, Phnom Penh 12355, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Wong Foong Ying
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
| | - Jayanthi Jayakumar
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
| | - Viseth Srey Horm
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Narjis Boukli
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Cecile Troupin
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Vireak Heang
- Sequencing Mini-Platform, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
- Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Lot#: 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nout, Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Jose A Garcia-Rivera
- Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Lot#: 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nout, Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Yi Sengdoeurn
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Sreyngim Lay
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chau Darapheak
- National Institute for Public Health, Lot#: 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Chin Savuth
- National Institute for Public Health, Lot#: 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Asheena Khalakdina
- World Health Organization Country Office, 5 - St 205, Phnom Penh 12355, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Laurence Baril
- Direction, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Jessica E Manning
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
| | - Ly Sovann
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, 80, 289 Samdach Penn Nouth St. (289), Phnom Penh 120407, Cambodia
| | - Gavin J D Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
- Centre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, 8 College Rd 169857, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Dr, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, World Health Organization COVID-19 Global Referral Laboratory, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 Preah Monivong Blvd (93), Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia
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10
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Biosca M, de la Cruz-Sánchez P, Tarr D, Llanes P, Karlsson EA, Margalef J, Pàmies O, Pericàs MÀ, Diéguez M. Filling the gaps in the challenging asymmetric hydrogenation of exocyclic benzofused‐based alkenes with Ir‐P,N catalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Auerswald H, Low DHW, Siegers JY, Ou T, Kol S, In S, Linster M, Su YCF, Mendenhall IH, Duong V, Smith GJD, Karlsson EA. A Look inside the Replication Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in Blyth's Horseshoe Bat ( Rhinolophus lepidus) Kidney Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0044922. [PMID: 35638834 PMCID: PMC9241725 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00449-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats are considered the natural reservoir of numerous emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs). There is a need for immortalized bat cell lines to culture and investigate the pathogenicity, replication kinetics, and evolution of emerging coronaviruses. We illustrate the susceptibility and permissiveness of a spontaneously immortalized kidney cell line (Rhileki) from Blyth's horseshoe bat (R. lepidus) to SARS-CoV-2 virus, including clinical isolates, suggesting a possible virus-host relationship. We were able to observe limited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Rhileki cells compared with simian VeroE6 cells. Slower viral replication in Rhileki cells was indicated by higher ct values (RT-PCR) at later time points of the viral culture and smaller foci (foci forming assay) compared with those of VeroE6 cells. With this study we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 replication is not restricted to R. sinicus and could include more Rhinolophus species. The establishment of a continuous Rhinolophus lepidus kidney cell line allows further characterization of SARS-CoV-2 replication in Rhinolophus bat cells, as well as isolation attempts of other bat-borne viruses. IMPORTANCE The current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the significance of bats as reservoirs for severe viral diseases. However, as bats are difficult to establish as animal models, bat cell lines can be an important proxy for the investigation of bat-virus interactions and the isolation of bat-borne viruses. This study demonstrates the susceptibility and permissiveness of a continuous kidney bat cell line to SARS-CoV-2. This does not implicate the bat species Rhinolophus lepidus, where these cells originate from, as a potential reservoir, but emphasizes the usefulness of this cell line for further characterization of SARS-CoV-2. This can lead to a better understanding of emerging viruses that could cause significant disease in humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dolyce H. W. Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jurre Y. Siegers
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Teyputita Ou
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sonita Kol
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Martin Linster
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yvonne C. F. Su
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ian H. Mendenhall
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Gavin J. D. Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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12
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Auerswald H, Eng C, Lay S, In S, Eng S, Vo HTM, Sith C, Cheng S, Delvallez G, Mich V, Meng N, Sovann L, Sidonn K, Vanhomwegen J, Cantaert T, Dussart P, Duong V, Karlsson EA. Rapid Generation of In-House Serological Assays Is Comparable to Commercial Kits Critical for Early Response to Pandemics: A Case With SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:864972. [PMID: 35602487 PMCID: PMC9121123 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.864972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accurate and sensitive measurement of antibodies is critical to assess the prevalence of infection, especially asymptomatic infection, and to analyze the immune response to vaccination during outbreaks and pandemics. A broad variety of commercial and in-house serological assays are available to cater to different laboratory requirements; however direct comparison is necessary to understand utility. Materials and Methods We investigate the performance of six serological methods against SARS-CoV-2 to determine the antibody profile of 250 serum samples, including 234 RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases, the majority with asymptomatic presentation (87.2%) at 1-51 days post laboratory diagnosis. First, we compare to the performance of two in-house antibody assays: (i) an in-house IgG ELISA, utilizing UV-inactivated virus, and (ii) a live-virus neutralization assay (PRNT) using the same Cambodian isolate as the ELISA. In-house assays are then compared to standardized commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (Elecsys ECLIAs, Roche Diagnostics; targeting anti-N and anti-S antibodies) along with a flow cytometry based assay (FACS) that measures IgM and IgG against spike (S) protein and a multiplex microsphere-based immunoassay (MIA) determining the antibodies against various spike and nucleoprotein (N) antigens of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, hCoVs 229E, NL63, HKU1). Results Overall, specificity of assays was 100%, except for the anti-S IgM flow cytometry based assay (96.2%), and the in-house IgG ELISA (94.2%). Sensitivity ranged from 97.3% for the anti-S ECLIA down to 76.3% for the anti-S IgG flow cytometry based assay. PRNT and in-house IgG ELISA performed similarly well when compared to the commercial ECLIA: sensitivity of ELISA and PRNT was 94.7 and 91.1%, respectively, compared to S- and N-targeting ECLIA with 97.3 and 96.8%, respectively. The MIA revealed cross-reactivity of antibodies from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients to the nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-1, and the spike S1 domain of HKU1. Conclusion In-house serological assays, especially ELISA and PRNT, perform similarly to commercial assays, a critical factor in pandemic response. Selection of suitable immunoassays should be made based on available resources and diagnostic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chanreaksmey Eng
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Eng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Charya Sith
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokleaph Cheng
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Gauthier Delvallez
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vann Mich
- Khmer–Soviet Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ngy Meng
- Khmer–Soviet Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ly Sovann
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kraing Sidonn
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Pasteur Network, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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13
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Vo HTM, Maestri A, Auerswald H, Sorn S, Lay S, Seng H, Sann S, Ya N, Pean P, Dussart P, Schwartz O, Ly S, Bruel T, Ly S, Duong V, Karlsson EA, Cantaert T. Robust and Functional Immune Memory Up to 9 Months After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Southeast Asian Longitudinal Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 13:817905. [PMID: 35185909 PMCID: PMC8853741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.817905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The duration of humoral and cellular immune memory following SARS-CoV-2 infection in populations in least developed countries remains understudied but is key to overcome the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Sixty-four Cambodian individuals with laboratory-confirmed infection with asymptomatic or mild/moderate clinical presentation were evaluated for Spike (S)-binding and neutralizing antibodies and antibody effector functions during acute phase of infection and at 6-9 months follow-up. Antigen-specific B cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized, and T cells were interrogated for functionality at late convalescence. Anti-S antibody titers decreased over time, but effector functions mediated by S-specific antibodies remained stable. S- and nucleocapsid (N)-specific B cells could be detected in late convalescence in the activated memory B cell compartment and are mostly IgG+. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune memory was maintained to S and membrane (M) protein. Asymptomatic infection resulted in decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells at late convalescence. Whereas anti-S antibodies correlated with S-specific B cells, there was no correlation between T cell response and humoral immune memory. Hence, all aspects of a protective immune response are maintained up to nine months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the absence of re-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi My Vo
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alvino Maestri
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheak Sorn
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokchea Lay
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Heng Seng
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sotheary Sann
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nisa Ya
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Polidy Pean
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sovann Ly
- Department of Communicable Disease Control, Ministry of Health (CDC-MoH), Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France.,Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Sowath Ly
- Epidemiology and Public Health Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Pasteur Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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14
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Delaune D, Hul V, Karlsson EA, Hassanin A, Ou TP, Baidaliuk A, Gámbaro F, Prot M, Tu VT, Chea S, Keatts L, Mazet J, Johnson CK, Buchy P, Dussart P, Goldstein T, Simon-Lorière E, Duong V. A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6563. [PMID: 34753934 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.26.428212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the origin and reservoir of the coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is still fragmentary. To date, the closest relatives to SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in Rhinolophus bats sampled in the Yunnan province, China. Here we describe the identification of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in two Rhinolophus shameli bats sampled in Cambodia in 2010. Metagenomic sequencing identifies nearly identical viruses sharing 92.6% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV-2. Most genomic regions are closely related to SARS-CoV-2, with the exception of a region of the spike, which is not compatible with human ACE2-mediated entry. The discovery of these viruses in a bat species not found in China indicates that SARS-CoV-2 related viruses have a much wider geographic distribution than previously reported, and suggests that Southeast Asia represents a key area to consider for future surveillance for coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delaune
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Vibol Hul
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm, 1207, Marseille, France
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Alexandre Hassanin
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
| | - Tey Putita Ou
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Artem Baidaliuk
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Fabiana Gámbaro
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Prot
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vuong Tan Tu
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, UA, Paris, France
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sokha Chea
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Cambodia Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Lucy Keatts
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jonna Mazet
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Christine K Johnson
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&D Greater China & Intercontinental, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Institut Pasteur International Network, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Tracey Goldstein
- One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Etienne Simon-Lorière
- Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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15
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Um S, Siegers JY, Sar B, Chin S, Patel S, Bunnary S, Hak M, Sor S, Sokhen O, Heng S, Chau D, Sothyra T, Khalakdina A, Mott JA, Olsen SJ, Claes F, Sovann L, Karlsson EA. Human Infection with Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus, Cambodia, February 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2742-2745. [PMID: 34546164 PMCID: PMC8462329 DOI: 10.3201/eid2710.211039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In February 2021, routine sentinel surveillance for influenza-like illness in Cambodia detected a human avian influenza A(H9N2) virus infection. Investigations identified no recent H9N2 virus infections in 43 close contacts. One chicken sample from the infected child’s house was positive for H9N2 virus and genetically similar to the human virus.
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16
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Abstract
Since the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, there has been a global hunt for the origin of the ongoing pandemic. Zhou et al. provide further evidence of coronavirus diversity, including four novel SARS-CoV-2-related viruses, in bat species in Yunnan province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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17
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Giacomelli Cao R, Christian L, Xu Z, Jaramillo L, Smith B, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Mejias A, Ramilo O. Early changes in interferon gene expression and antibody responses following influenza vaccination in pregnant women. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:341-351. [PMID: 34197595 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza immunization during pregnancy provides protection to the mother and the infant. Studies in adults and children with inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) have identified changes in immune gene expression that correlated with antibody responses. OBJECTIVE To define baseline blood transcriptional profiles and changes induced by IIV in pregnant women and to identify correlates with antibody responses. METHODS Pregnant women were immunized with IIV during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 seasons. Blood samples were collected on day (d) 0 (pre-vaccination), d1 and d7 post-vaccination for transcriptional profile analyses; and d0, d30, delivery and cord blood to measure antibody titers. RESULTS Transcriptional analysis demonstrated overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) on d1 and of plasma cell genes on d7. Pre-vaccination ISGs expression and ISGs over-expressed on d1 significantly correlated with increased H3N2, B Yamagata and B Victoria antibody titers. Plasma-cell gene expression on d7 correlated with increased B Yamagata and B Victoria antibody titers. Compared with women vaccinated during the previous influenza season, women who were not vaccinated the prior year showed more frequent significant correlations between ISGs and antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS Influenza vaccination in pregnant women resulted in enhanced expression of ISGs and plasma cell genes that correlated with antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Giacomelli Cao
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Christian
- Institute for Behavioral Medical Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Jaramillo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bennett Smith
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Current affiliation: Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Abd Alhadi M, Friedman LM, Karlsson EA, Cohen-Lavi L, Burkovitz A, Schultz-Cherry S, Noah TL, Weir SS, Shulman LM, Beck MA, Hertz T. Obesity is associated with an altered baseline and post-vaccination influenza antibody repertoire. medRxiv 2021:2021.03.02.21252785. [PMID: 33688682 PMCID: PMC7941659 DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.02.21252785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As highlighted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination is critical for infectious disease prevention and control. Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from respiratory virus infections. While obese individuals respond to influenza vaccination, what is considered a seroprotective response may not fully protect the global obese population. In a cohort vaccinated with the 2010-2011 trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, baseline immune history and vaccination responses were found to significantly differ in obese individuals compared to healthy controls, especially towards the 2009 pandemic strain of A/H1N1 influenza virus. Young, obese individuals displayed responses skewed towards linear peptides versus conformational antigens, suggesting aberrant obese immune response. Overall, these data have vital implications for the next generation of influenza vaccines, and towards the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abd Alhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Center for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilach M. Friedman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Center for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge; Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- National Center for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Burkovitz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Center for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Terry L Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; NC, USA
| | - Samuel S Weir
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; NC, USA
| | - Lester M. Shulman
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC, Chapel Hill; NC, USA
| | - Tomer Hertz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- National Center for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
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19
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents a challenge to laboratorians and healthcare workers around the world. Handling of biological samples from individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires strict biosafety measures. Within the laboratory, non-propagative work with samples containing the virus requires, at minimum, Biosafety Level-2 (BSL-2) techniques and facilities. Therefore, handling of SARS-CoV-2 samples remains a major concern in areas and conditions where biosafety for specimen handling is difficult to maintain, such as in rural laboratories or austere field testing sites. Inactivation through physical or chemical means can reduce the risk of handling live virus and increase testing ability especially in low-resource settings due to easier and faster sample processing. Herein we assess several chemical and physical inactivation techniques employed against SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Cambodia. This data demonstrates that all chemical (AVL, inactivating sample buffer and formaldehyde) and heat-treatment (56 and 98 °C) methods tested completely inactivated viral loads of up to 5 log10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokha Dul
- Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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20
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Auerswald H, Yann S, Dul S, In S, Dussart P, Martin NJ, Karlsson EA, Garcia-Rivera JA. Assessment of inactivation procedures for SARS-CoV-2. J Gen Virol 2021; 102:001539. [PMID: 33416462 PMCID: PMC8148305 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents a challenge to laboratorians and healthcare workers around the world. Handling of biological samples from individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus requires strict biosafety measures. Within the laboratory, non-propagative work with samples containing the virus requires, at minimum, Biosafety Level-2 (BSL-2) techniques and facilities. Therefore, handling of SARS-CoV-2 samples remains a major concern in areas and conditions where biosafety for specimen handling is difficult to maintain, such as in rural laboratories or austere field testing sites. Inactivation through physical or chemical means can reduce the risk of handling live virus and increase testing ability especially in low-resource settings due to easier and faster sample processing. Herein we assess several chemical and physical inactivation techniques employed against SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Cambodia. This data demonstrates that all chemical (AVL, inactivating sample buffer and formaldehyde) and heat-treatment (56 and 98 °C) methods tested completely inactivated viral loads of up to 5 log10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokha Dul
- Naval Medical Research Unit TWO, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Saraden In
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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21
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Horwood PF, Fabrizio T, Horm SV, Metlin A, Ros S, Tok S, Jeevan T, Seiler P, Y P, Rith S, Suttie A, Buchy P, Karlsson EA, Webby R, Dussart P. Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1702-1711. [PMID: 32666894 PMCID: PMC7473085 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1792353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more "avian-like," with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Artem Metlin
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheaktra Ros
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Phalla Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&D Intercontinental, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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22
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Karlsson EA, Beck MA, MacIver NJ. Editorial: Nutritional Aspects of Immunity and Immunometabolism in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595115. [PMID: 33133106 PMCID: PMC7579419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nancie J MacIver
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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23
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Penkert RR, Cortez V, Karlsson EA, Livingston B, Surman SL, Li Y, Catharine Ross A, Schultz-Cherry S, Hurwitz JL. Vitamin A Corrects Tissue Deficits in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Reduces Influenza Infection After Vaccination and Challenge. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1631-1636. [PMID: 32779401 PMCID: PMC7483416 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with obesity suffer from an increased susceptibility to severe respiratory viral infections and respond poorly to vaccinations, making it imperative to identify interventions. Recent evidence suggesting that obesity leads to tissue-specific vitamin A deficiency led to an investigation of whether high-dose oral vitamin A, a treatment used for remediating vitamin A deficiency in developing countries, could correct obesity-associated tissue deficits. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 diet-induced obese mice were supplemented with vitamin A for 4 weeks. A subset of mice were then vaccinated with inactivated influenza virus and challenged. Following supplementation, tissue vitamin A levels, lung immune cell composition, blood inflammatory cytokines, antibody responses, and viral clearance were evaluated. RESULTS Supplementation significantly improved vitamin A levels in lung and adipose tissues in diet-induced obese mice. Additionally, supplementation decreased inflammatory cytokines in the blood and altered the lung immune environment. Importantly, vaccinated, vitamin A-treated diet-induced obese mice exhibited improved antibody responses and significantly reduced viral loads post challenge compared with PBS-treated mice. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate a low-cost intervention that may correct vitamin A tissue deficits and help control respiratory viral infections in individuals with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon R Penkert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sherri L Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Catharine Ross
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia L Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Manning JE, Bohl JA, Lay S, Chea S, Sovann L, Sengdoeurn Y, Heng S, Vuthy C, Kalantar K, Ahyong V, Tan M, Sheu J, Tato CM, DeRisi JL, Baril L, Duong V, Dussart P, Karlsson EA. Rapid metagenomic characterization of a case of imported COVID-19 in Cambodia. bioRxiv 2020:2020.03.02.968818. [PMID: 32511296 PMCID: PMC7217139 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.02.968818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid production and publication of pathogen genome sequences during emerging disease outbreaks provide crucial public health information. In resource-limited settings, especially near an outbreak epicenter, conventional deep sequencing or bioinformatics are often challenging. Here we successfully used metagenomic next generation sequencing on an iSeq100 Illumina platform paired with an open-source bioinformatics pipeline to quickly characterize Cambodia's first case of COVID-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Manning
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jennifer A. Bohl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyngim Lay
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sophana Chea
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ly Sovann
- Cambodian Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yi Sengdoeurn
- Cambodian Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Cambodian Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chan Vuthy
- Cambodian Center for Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michelle Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Sheu
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Veasna Duong
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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25
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Honce R, Karlsson EA, Wohlgemuth N, Estrada LD, Meliopoulos VA, Yao J, Schultz-Cherry S. Obesity-Related Microenvironment Promotes Emergence of Virulent Influenza Virus Strains. mBio 2020; 11:e03341-19. [PMID: 32127459 PMCID: PMC7064783 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03341-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased disease severity, elevated viral titers in exhaled breath, and significantly prolonged viral shed during influenza A virus infection. Due to the mutable nature of RNA viruses, we questioned whether obesity could also influence influenza virus population diversity. Here, we show that minor variants rapidly emerge in obese mice. The variants exhibit increased viral replication, resulting in enhanced virulence in wild-type mice. The increased diversity of the viral population correlated with decreased type I interferon responses, and treatment of obese mice with recombinant interferon reduced viral diversity, suggesting that the delayed antiviral response exhibited in obesity permits the emergence of a more virulent influenza virus population. This is not unique to obese mice. Obesity-derived normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells also showed decreased interferon responses and increased viral replication, suggesting that viral diversity also was impacted in this increasing population.IMPORTANCE Currently, 50% of the adult population worldwide is overweight or obese. In these studies, we demonstrate that obesity not only enhances the severity of influenza infection but also impacts viral diversity. The altered microenvironment associated with obesity supports a more diverse viral quasispecies and affords the emergence of potentially pathogenic variants capable of inducing greater disease severity in lean hosts. This is likely due to the impaired interferon response, which is seen in both obese mice and obesity-derived human bronchial epithelial cells, suggesting that obesity, aside from its impact on influenza virus pathogenesis, permits the stochastic accumulation of potentially pathogenic viral variants, raising concerns about its public health impact as the prevalence of obesity continues to rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Honce
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leonardo D Estrada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jiangwei Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Suttie A, Tok S, Yann S, Keo P, Horm SV, Roe M, Kaye M, Sorn S, Holl D, Tum S, Barr IG, Hurt AC, Greenhill AR, Karlsson EA, Vijaykrishna D, Deng YM, Dussart P, Horwood PF. The evolution and genetic diversity of avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses in Cambodia, 2015 - 2016. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225428. [PMID: 31815945 PMCID: PMC6901181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic A(H9N2) subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were originally detected in Cambodian poultry in 2013, and now circulate endemically. We sequenced and characterised 64 A(H9N2) AIVs detected in Cambodian poultry (chickens and ducks) from January 2015 to May 2016. All A(H9) viruses collected in 2015 and 2016 belonged to a new BJ/94-like h9-4.2.5 sub-lineage that emerged in the region during or after 2013, and was distinct to previously detected Cambodian viruses. Overall, there was a reduction of genetic diversity of H9N2 since 2013, however two genotypes were detected in circulation, P and V, with extensive reassortment between the viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between A(H9N2) AIVs detected in Cambodian and Vietnamese poultry, highlighting cross-border trade/movement of live, domestic poultry between the countries. Wild birds may also play a role in A(H9N2) transmission in the region. Some genes of the Cambodian isolates frequently clustered with zoonotic A(H7N9), A(H9N2) and A(H10N8) viruses, suggesting a common ecology. Molecular analysis showed 100% of viruses contained the hemagglutinin (HA) Q226L substitution, which favours mammalian receptor type binding. All viruses were susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitor antivirals; however, 41% contained the matrix (M2) S31N substitution associated with resistance to adamantanes. Overall, Cambodian A(H9N2) viruses possessed factors known to increase zoonotic potential, and therefore their evolution should be continually monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ponnarath Keo
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Merryn Roe
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Kaye
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - San Sorn
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Davun Holl
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ian G. Barr
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C. Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Greenhill
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- * E-mail: (PH); (PD)
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- * E-mail: (PH); (PD)
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Hakim H, Dallas R, Wolf J, Tang L, Schultz-Cherry S, Darling V, Johnson C, Karlsson EA, Chang TC, Jeha S, Pui CH, Sun Y, Pounds S, Hayden RT, Tuomanen E, Rosch JW. Gut Microbiome Composition Predicts Infection Risk During Chemotherapy in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29518185 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelosuppression-related infections remain important causes of morbidity and mortality in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Methods By analyzing fecal samples collected at diagnosis and after each of the initial 3 phases of chemotherapy, we evaluated the role of gut microbiota in predicting infections in 199 children with newly diagnosed ALL. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene was analyzed by high-depth sequencing to determine the diversity and composition of the microbiome. Results After the induction and reinduction I phases of chemotherapy, microbial diversity decreased significantly relative to the prechemotherapy value. After chemotherapy, the relative abundance of certain bacterial taxa (eg, Bacteroidetes) decreased significantly, whereas that of other taxa (eg, Clostridiaceae and Streptococcaceae) increased. A baseline gut microbiome characterized by Proteobacteria predicted febrile neutropenia. Adjusting for the chemotherapy phase and ALL risk level, Enterococcaceae dominance (relative abundance ≥30%) predicted significantly greater risk of subsequent febrile neutropenia and diarrheal illness, whereas Streptococcaceae dominance predicted significantly greater risk of subsequent diarrheal illness. Conclusions In children undergoing therapy for newly diagnosed ALL, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria before chemotherapy initiation predicts development of febrile neutropenia, and domination of the gut microbiota by Enterococcaceae or Streptococcaceae at any time during chemotherapy predicts infection in subsequent phases of chemotherapy. Clinical Trial Registration NCT00549848.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hakim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ronald Dallas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Victoria Darling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Cydney Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ti-Cheng Chang
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sima Jeha
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stanley Pounds
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Randall T Hayden
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elaine Tuomanen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Vijaykrishna D, Deng YM, Grau ML, Kay M, Suttie A, Horwood PF, Kalpravidh W, Claes F, Osbjer K, Dussart P, Barr IG, Karlsson EA. Emergence of Influenza A(H7N4) Virus, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:1988-1991. [PMID: 31310233 PMCID: PMC6759271 DOI: 10.3201/eid2510.190506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Active surveillance in high-risk sites in Cambodia has identified multiple low-pathogenicity influenza A(H7) viruses, mainly in ducks. None fall within the A/Anhui/1/2013(H7N9) lineage; however, some A(H7) viruses from 2018 show temporal and phylogenetic similarity to the H7N4 virus that caused a nonfatal infection in Jiangsu Province, China, in December 2017.
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Karlsson EA, Horm SV, Tok S, Tum S, Kalpravidh W, Claes F, Osbjer K, Dussart P. Avian influenza virus detection, temporality and co-infection in poultry in Cambodian border provinces, 2017-2018. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:637-639. [PMID: 30999819 PMCID: PMC6493305 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1604085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- a Virology Unit , Institute Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- a Virology Unit , Institute Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- a Virology Unit , Institute Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- b National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Wantanee Kalpravidh
- c Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Filip Claes
- c Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Kristina Osbjer
- d Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- a Virology Unit , Institute Pasteur du Cambodge , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
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30
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Horwood PF, Karlsson EA, Horm SV, Ly S, Heng S, Chin S, Darapheak C, Saunders D, Chanthap L, Rith S, Y P, Chea KL, Sar B, Parry A, Ieng V, Tsuyouka R, Deng YM, Hurt AC, Barr IG, Komadina N, Buchy P, Dussart P. Circulation and characterization of seasonal influenza viruses in Cambodia, 2012-2015. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:465-476. [PMID: 31251478 PMCID: PMC6692578 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza virus circulation is monitored through the Cambodian influenza‐like illness (ILI) sentinel surveillance system and isolates are characterized by the National Influenza Centre (NIC). Seasonal influenza circulation has previously been characterized by year‐round activity and a peak during the rainy season (June‐November). Objectives We documented the circulation of seasonal influenza in Cambodia for 2012‐2015 and investigated genetic, antigenic, and antiviral resistance characteristics of influenza isolates. Patients/Methods Respiratory samples were collected from patients presenting with influenza‐like illness (ILI) at 11 hospitals throughout Cambodia. First‐line screening was conducted by the National Institute of Public Health and the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences. Confirmation of testing and genetic, antigenic and antiviral resistance characterization was conducted by Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, the NIC. Additional virus characterization was conducted by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (Melbourne, Australia). Results Between 2012 and 2015, 1,238 influenza‐positive samples were submitted to the NIC. Influenza A(H3N2) (55.3%) was the dominant subtype, followed by influenza B (30.9%; predominantly B/Yamagata‐lineage) and A(H1N1)pdm09 (13.9%). Circulation of influenza viruses began earlier in 2014 and 2015 than previously described, coincident with the emergence of A(H3N2) clades 3C.2a and 3C.3a, respectively. There was high diversity in the antigenicity of A(H3N2) viruses, and to a smaller extent influenza B viruses, during this period, with some mismatches with the northern and southern hemisphere vaccine formulations. All isolates tested were susceptible to the influenza antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir. Conclusions Seasonal and year‐round co‐circulation of multiple influenza types/subtypes were detected in Cambodia during 2012‐2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovann Ly
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Savuth Chin
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chau Darapheak
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - David Saunders
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lon Chanthap
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sareth Rith
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Phalla Y
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kim Lay Chea
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Amy Parry
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vanra Ieng
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi Komadina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.,GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&D Intercontinental, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Institute Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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31
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Suttie A, Karlsson EA, Deng YM, Hurt AC, Greenhill AR, Barr IG, Dussart P, Horwood PF. Avian influenza in the Greater Mekong Subregion, 2003-2018. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 74:103920. [PMID: 31201870 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The persistent circulation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) is an ongoing problem for many countries in South East Asia, causing large economic losses to both the agricultural and health sectors. This review analyses AIV diversity, evolution and the risk of AIV emergence in humans in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam (excluding China). The analysis was based on AIV sequencing data, serological studies, published journal articles and AIV outbreak reports available from January 2003 to December 2018. All countries of the GMS have suffered losses due repeated outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 that has also caused human cases in all GMS countries. In Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam AIV outbreaks in domestic poultry have also been caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6. A diverse range of low pathogenic AIVs (H1-H12) have been detected in poultry and wild bird species, though surveillance for and characterization of these subtypes is limited. Subtype H3, H4, H6 and H11 viruses have been detected over prolonged periods; whilst H1, H2, H7, H8, H10 and H12 viruses have only been detected transiently. H9 AIVs circulate endemically in Cambodia and Vietnam with seroprevalence data indicating human exposure to H9 AIVs in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam. As surveillance studies focus heavily on the detection of H5 AIVs in domestic poultry further research is needed to understand the true level of AIV diversity and the risk AIVs pose to humans in the GMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Suttie A, Yann S, Y P, Tum S, Deng YM, Hul V, Horm VS, Barr I, Greenhill A, Horwood PF, Osbjer K, Karlsson EA, Dussart P. Detection of Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N3) Virus during Duck Mortality Event, Cambodia, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1103-1107. [PMID: 29774842 PMCID: PMC6004859 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.172099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In January 2017, an estimated 3,700 (93%) of 4,000 Khaki Campbell ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) died in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia. We detected low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H7N3) virus and anatid herpesvirus 1 (duck plague) in the affected flock; however, the exact cause of the mortality event remains unclear.
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Horwood PF, Horm SV, Suttie A, Thet S, Y P, Rith S, Sorn S, Holl D, Tum S, Ly S, Karlsson EA, Tarantola A, Dussart P. Co-circulation of Influenza A H5, H7, and H9 Viruses and Co-infected Poultry in Live Bird Markets, Cambodia. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:352-355. [PMID: 29350140 PMCID: PMC5782910 DOI: 10.3201/eid2402.171360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal surveillance of 2 live bird markets in Cambodia revealed year-round, high co-circulation of H5, H7, and H9 influenza viruses. We detected influenza A viruses in 51.3% of ducks and 39.6% of chickens, and co-infections, mainly by H5 and H9 viruses, in 0.8% of ducks and 4.5% of chickens.
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Suttie A, Karlsson EA, Deng YM, Horm SV, Yann S, Tok S, Sorn S, Holl D, Tum S, Hurt AC, Greenhill AR, Barr IG, Horwood PF, Dussart P. Influenza A(H5N1) viruses with A(H9N2) single gene (matrix or PB1) reassortment isolated from Cambodian live bird markets. Virology 2018; 523:22-26. [PMID: 30075357 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Live bird market surveillance for avian influenza viruses in Cambodia in 2015 has led to the detection of two 7:1 reassortant influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1c viruses. These reassortant strains, designated A/duck/Cambodia/Z564W35M1/2015 and A/chicken/Cambodia/Z850W49M1/2015, both contained a single gene (PB1 and matrix gene, respectively) from concurrently circulating A(H9N2) influenza viruses. All other viral genes from both isolates clustered with A(H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1 viruses. Continued and prolonged co-circulation of influenza A(H5N1) and A(H9N2) viruses in Cambodian live bird markets may present a risk for the emergence of novel influenza reassortant viruses with negative agricultural and/or public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokhoun Yann
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - San Sorn
- General Directorate for Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Davun Holl
- General Directorate for Animal Health and Production, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Cambodian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew R Greenhill
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Paul F Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia.
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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Jiménez-Bluhm P, Karlsson EA, Freiden P, Sharp B, Di Pillo F, Osorio JE, Hamilton-West C, Schultz-Cherry S. Wild birds in Chile Harbor diverse avian influenza A viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:44. [PMID: 29593259 PMCID: PMC5874252 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While the circulation of avian influenza viruses (IAV) in wild birds in the northern hemisphere has been well documented, data from South America remain sparse. To address this gap in knowledge, we undertook IAV surveillance in wild birds in parts of Central and Northern Chile between 2012 and 2015. A wide diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) subtypes were identified and 16 viruses were isolated including low pathogenic H5 and H7 strains, making this the largest and most diverse collection of Chilean avian IAVs to date. Unlike IAVs isolated from wild birds in other South American countries where the genes were most like viruses isolated from wild birds in either North America or South America, the Chilean viruses were reassortants containing genes like viruses isolated from both continents. In summary, our studies demonstrate that genetically diverse avian IAVs are circulating in wild birds in Chile highlighting the need for further investigation in this understudied area of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jiménez-Bluhm
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Pamela Freiden
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Francisca Di Pillo
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Epidemiology Unit, Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Nutrition is a key factor in host–pathogen defense. Malnutrition can increase both host susceptibility and severity of infection through a number of pathways, and infection itself can promote nutritional deterioration and further susceptibility. Nutritional status can also strongly influence response to vaccination or therapeutic pharmaceuticals. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have a long history of infecting humans, resulting in regular pandemics as well as an increasing frequency of autochthonous transmission. Interestingly, aside from host-related factors, nutrition could also play a role in the competence of vectors required for transmission of these viruses. Nutritional status of the host and vector could even influence viral evolution itself. Therefore, it is vital to understand the role of nutrition in the arbovirus lifecycle. This Review will focus on nutritional factors that could influence susceptibility and severity of infection in the host, response to prophylactic and therapeutic strategies, vector competence, and viral evolution. As the old adage goes, you are what you eat. Proper nutrition is a cornerstone of health, and malnutrition can seriously impair the function of the immune system, resulting in increased infections or a more severe disease. Imbalanced or inadequate nutrition can also affect responses to vaccines or drugs that are vital for protection and treatment against viruses. A mosquito is also a product of what it eats. Nutrition during development and adult lifecycle can affect the feeding behavior of mosquitoes, thereby affecting transmission of viral diseases. Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are a major global health concern, especially in areas impacted by malnutrition. Understanding how nutrition can affect both humans and mosquitoes in the context of these viruses is vital to combating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Weger-Lucarelli
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Heidi Auerswald
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Phillipe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- * E-mail:
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Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Rosch JW. Protective Capacity of Statins during Pneumonia Is Dependent on Etiological Agent and Obesity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:41. [PMID: 29497602 PMCID: PMC5819214 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of death worldwide. Clinical data is conflicted regarding whether statins improve outcomes for pneumonia. Potential confounding factors including specific etiology of pneumonia as well as obesity could potentially mask protective benefit. Obesity is a risk factor for high cholesterol, the main target for statin therapy. We demonstrate that statin intervention conferred no protective benefit in the context of wild-type mice regardless of infectious agent. Statin intervention conferred either a protective benefit, during influenza infection, or detrimental effect, in the case of pneumococcal infection, in obese animals. These data suggest etiology of pneumonia in the context of obesity could be dramatically altered by the protective effects of statin therapy during bacterial and viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason W Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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Karlsson EA, Meliopoulos VA, Tran V, Savage C, Livingston B, Schultz-Cherry S, Mehle A. Measuring Influenza Virus Infection Using Bioluminescent Reporter Viruses for In Vivo Imaging and In Vitro Replication Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1836:431-459. [PMID: 30151586 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8678-1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To streamline standard virological assays, we developed bioluminescent replication-competent influenza reporter viruses that mimic their parental counterparts. These reporter viruses provide a rapid and quantitative readout of viral infection and replication. Moreover, they permit real-time in vivo measures of viral load, tissue distribution, and transmission in the same cohort of animals over the entire course of infection-measurements that were not previously possible. Here we provide detailed protocols using bioluminescent reporter viruses for in vivo imaging in mice and ferrets. We also describe cell culture-based techniques using reporter viruses for quantification of viral titers and performing microneutralization assays. The ease, speed, and adaptability of these approaches have the potential to accelerate multiple areas of influenza virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vy Tran
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chandra Savage
- Animal Resource Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Abstract
Astroviruses are nonenveloped, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that cause gastrointestinal illness. Although a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, human astroviruses are among the least characterized enteric RNA viruses. However, by using in vitro methods and animal models to characterize virus-host interactions, researchers have discovered several important properties of astroviruses, including the ability of the astrovirus capsid to act as an enterotoxin, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier. Improved animal models are needed to study this phenomenon, along with the pathogenesis of astroviruses, particularly in those strains that can cause extraintestinal disease. Much like for other enteric viruses, the current dogma states that astroviruses infect in a species-specific manner; however, this assumption is being challenged by growing evidence that these viruses have potential to cross species barriers. This review summarizes these remarkable facets of astrovirus biology, highlighting critical steps toward increasing our understanding of this unique enteric pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Virginia Hargest
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , , .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Cydney Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105; , , , , ,
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Kosaraju R, Guesdon W, Crouch MJ, Teague HL, Sullivan EM, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Gowdy K, Bridges LC, Reese LR, Neufer PD, Armstrong M, Reisdorph N, Milner JJ, Beck M, Shaikh SR. B Cell Activity Is Impaired in Human and Mouse Obesity and Is Responsive to an Essential Fatty Acid upon Murine Influenza Infection. J Immunol 2017; 198:4738-4752. [PMID: 28500069 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for infections and poor responses to vaccinations, which may be due to compromised B cell function. However, there is limited information about the influence of obesity on B cell function and underlying factors that modulate B cell responses. Therefore, we studied B cell cytokine secretion and/or Ab production across obesity models. In obese humans, B cell IL-6 secretion was lowered and IgM levels were elevated upon ex vivo anti-BCR/TLR9 stimulation. In murine obesity induced by a high fat diet, ex vivo IgM and IgG were elevated with unstimulated B cells. Furthermore, the high fat diet lowered bone marrow B cell frequency accompanied by diminished transcripts of early lymphoid commitment markers. Murine B cell responses were subsequently investigated upon influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection using a Western diet model in the absence or presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA, an essential fatty acid with immunomodulatory properties, was tested because its plasma levels are lowered in obesity. Relative to controls, mice consuming the Western diet had diminished Ab titers whereas the Western diet plus DHA improved titers. Mechanistically, DHA did not directly target B cells to elevate Ab levels. Instead, DHA increased the concentration of the downstream specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and protectin DX. All three SPMs were found to be effective in elevating murine Ab levels upon influenza infection. Collectively, the results demonstrate that B cell responses are impaired across human and mouse obesity models and show that essential fatty acid status is a factor influencing humoral immunity, potentially through an SPM-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasagna Kosaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - William Guesdon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Miranda J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Heather L Teague
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - E Madison Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Kymberly Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Lance C Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Lauren R Reese
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834.,Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045; and
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045; and
| | - J Justin Milner
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Melinda Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834; .,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834
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Bravo-Vasquez N, Karlsson EA, Jimenez-Bluhm P, Meliopoulos V, Kaplan B, Marvin S, Cortez V, Freiden P, Beck MA, Hamilton-West C, Schultz-Cherry S. Swine Influenza Virus (H1N2) Characterization and Transmission in Ferrets, Chile. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:241-251. [PMID: 28098524 PMCID: PMC5324791 DOI: 10.3201/eid2302.161374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis of the influenza hemagglutinin gene (HA) has suggested that commercial pigs in Chile harbor unique human seasonal H1-like influenza viruses, but further information, including characterization of these viruses, was unavailable. We isolated influenza virus (H1N2) from a swine in a backyard production farm in Central Chile and demonstrated that the HA gene was identical to that in a previous report. Its HA and neuraminidase genes were most similar to human H1 and N2 viruses from the early 1990s and internal segments were similar to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. The virus replicated efficiently in vitro and in vivo and transmitted in ferrets by respiratory droplet. Antigenically, it was distinct from other swine viruses. Hemagglutination inhibition analysis suggested that antibody titers to the swine Chilean H1N2 virus were decreased in persons born after 1990. Further studies are needed to characterize the potential risk to humans, as well as the ecology of influenza in swine in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro Jimenez-Bluhm
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Bryan Kaplan
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Shauna Marvin
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Valerie Cortez
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Pamela Freiden
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
| | - Melinda A. Beck
- University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (N. Bravo-Vasquez, C. Hamilton-West)
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA (E.A. Karlsson, P. Jimenez-Bluhm, V. Meliopoulos, B. Kaplan, S. Marvin, V. Cortez, P. Freiden, S. Schultz-Cherry)
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA (M.A. Beck)
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Jiménez-Bluhm P, Karlsson EA, Ciuoderis KA, Cortez V, Marvin SA, Hamilton-West C, Schultz-Cherry S, Osorio JE. Avian H11 influenza virus isolated from domestic poultry in a Colombian live animal market. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e121. [PMID: 27924808 PMCID: PMC5180366 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Live animal markets (LAMs) are an essential source of food and trade in Latin American countries; however, they can also serve as ‘hotbeds' for the emergence and potential spillover of avian influenza viruses (AIV). Despite extensive knowledge of AIV in Asian LAMs, little is known about the prevalence South American LAMs. To fill this gap in knowledge, active surveillance was carried out at the major LAM in Medellin, Colombia between February and September 2015. During this period, overall prevalence in the market was 2.67% and a North American origin H11N2 AIV most similar to a virus isolated from Chilean shorebirds asymptomatically spread through multiple bird species in the market resulting in 17.0% positivity at peak of infection. Phenotypically, the H11 viruses displayed no known molecular markers associated with increased virulence in birds or mammals, had α2,3-sialic acid binding preference, and caused minimal replication in vitro and little morbidity in vivo. However, the Colombian H11N2 virus replicated and transmitted effectively in chickens explaining the spread throughout the market. Genetic similarity to H11 viruses isolated from North and South American shorebirds suggest that the LAM occurrence may have resulted from a wild bird to domestic poultry spillover event. The ability to spread in domestic poultry as well as potential for human infection by H11 viruses highlight the need for enhanced AIV surveillance in South America in both avian species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jiménez-Bluhm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Karl A Ciuoderis
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shauna A Marvin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Christopher Hamilton-West
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jorge E Osorio
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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43
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Karlsson EA. Setting a trap for respiratory viruses. Virulence 2016; 7:740-1. [PMID: 27327437 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1204062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Karlsson
- a Department of Infectious Diseases , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , TN , USA
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Meliopoulos VA, Van de Velde LA, Van de Velde NC, Karlsson EA, Neale G, Vogel P, Guy C, Sharma S, Duan S, Surman SL, Jones BG, Johnson MDL, Bosio C, Jolly L, Jenkins RG, Hurwitz JL, Rosch JW, Sheppard D, Thomas PG, Murray PJ, Schultz-Cherry S. An Epithelial Integrin Regulates the Amplitude of Protective Lung Interferon Responses against Multiple Respiratory Pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005804. [PMID: 27505057 PMCID: PMC4978498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The healthy lung maintains a steady state of immune readiness to rapidly respond to injury from invaders. Integrins are important for setting the parameters of this resting state, particularly the epithelial-restricted αVβ6 integrin, which is upregulated during injury. Once expressed, αVβ6 moderates acute lung injury (ALI) through as yet undefined molecular mechanisms. We show that the upregulation of β6 during influenza infection is involved in disease pathogenesis. β6-deficient mice (β6 KO) have increased survival during influenza infection likely due to the limited viral spread into the alveolar spaces leading to reduced ALI. Although the β6 KO have morphologically normal lungs, they harbor constitutively activated lung CD11b+ alveolar macrophages (AM) and elevated type I IFN signaling activity, which we traced to the loss of β6-activated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Administration of exogenous TGF-β to β6 KO mice leads to reduced numbers of CD11b+ AMs, decreased type I IFN signaling activity and loss of the protective phenotype during influenza infection. Protection extended to other respiratory pathogens such as Sendai virus and bacterial pneumonia. Our studies demonstrate that the loss of one epithelial protein, αVβ6 integrin, can alter the lung microenvironment during both homeostasis and respiratory infection leading to reduced lung injury and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Lee-Ann Van de Velde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Van de Velde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Geoff Neale
- The Hartwell Center, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology Core, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sherri L. Surman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bart G. Jones
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Michael D. L. Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Catharine Bosio
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Lisa Jolly
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Hurwitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jason W. Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, UCSF Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Murray
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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45
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Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S. What can imaging tell us about influenza virus transmission and protection? Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of zoonotic influenza infections is a constant threat to public health. One of the major determinants of pandemic potential is the ability to transmit from animal to human and/or human to human via respiratory droplets. Understanding viral tropism and spread is crucial for predicting which viruses represent the most threatening to human health. Recently, a replication-competent influenza reporter virus was described that permitted in vivo imaging and visualization of infection in ferrets for the first time. This review will focus on the applications of luminescent reporter viruses toward understanding transmission of influenza viruses and development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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46
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Das B, Lee BL, Karlsson EA, Åkermark T, Shatskiy A, Demeshko S, Liao RZ, Laine TM, Haukka M, Zeglio E, Abdel-Magied AF, Siegbahn PEM, Meyer F, Kärkäs MD, Johnston EV, Nordlander E, Åkermark B. Water oxidation catalyzed by molecular di- and nonanuclear Fe complexes: importance of a proper ligand framework. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13289-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two molecular iron complexes, a dinuclear iron(iii,iii) complex and a nonanuclear iron complex, and their use as water oxidation catalysts is described.
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Sheridan PA, Paich HA, Handy J, Karlsson EA, Schultz-Cherry S, Hudgens M, Weir S, Noah T, Beck MA. The antibody response to influenza vaccination is not impaired in type 2 diabetics. Vaccine 2015; 33:3306-13. [PMID: 26044491 PMCID: PMC4593058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetics are considered to be at high risk for complications from influenza infection and type 2 diabetes is a significant comorbidity of obesity. Obesity is an independent risk factor for complications from infection with influenza. Annual vaccination is considered the best strategy for protecting against influenza infection and it's complications. Our previous study reported intact antibody responses 30 days post vaccination in an obese population. This study was designed to determine the antibody response to influenza vaccination in type 2 diabetics. METHODS Subjects enrolled were 18 or older without immunosuppressive diseases or taking immunosuppressive medications. A pre-vaccination blood draw was taken at time of enrollment, the subjects received the influenza vaccine and returned 28-32 days later for a post-vaccination blood draw. Height and weight were also obtained at the first visit and BMI was calculated. Antibody levels to the vaccine were determined by both ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. RESULTS As reported in our previous work, obesity positively correlates with the influenza antibody response (p=0.02), while age was negatively correlated with antibody response (p<0.001). In both year 1 and year 2 of our study there was no significant difference in the percentage of the type 2 diabetic subjects classified as seroprotected or a responder to the influenza vaccine compared to the non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS These data are important because they demonstrate that diabetics, considered a high risk group during influenza season, are able to mount an antibody response to influenza vaccination that may protect them from influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Sheridan
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather A Paich
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean Handy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Hudgens
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sam Weir
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Terry Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Laine TM, Kärkäs MD, Liao RZ, Åkermark T, Lee BL, Karlsson EA, Siegbahn PEM, Åkermark B. Efficient photochemical water oxidation by a dinuclear molecular ruthenium complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1862-5. [PMID: 25525645 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08606f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein is described the preparation of a dinuclear molecular Ru catalyst for H2O oxidation. The prepared catalyst mediates the photochemical oxidation of H2O with an efficiency comparable to state-of-the-art catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja M Laine
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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49
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Meliopoulos VA, Karlsson EA, Kercher L, Cline T, Freiden P, Duan S, Vogel P, Webby RJ, Guan Y, Peiris M, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Human H7N9 and H5N1 influenza viruses differ in induction of cytokines and tissue tropism. J Virol 2014; 88:12982-91. [PMID: 25210188 PMCID: PMC4249090 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01571-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Since emerging in 2013, the avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses have resulted in over 400 human infections, leading to 115 deaths to date. Although the epidemiology differs from human highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus infections, there is a similar rapid progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of these studies was to compare the pathological and immunological characteristics of a panel of human H7N9 and H5N1 viruses in vitro and in vivo. Although there were similarities between particular H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, including association between lethal disease and spread to the alveolar spaces and kidney, there were also strain-specific differences. Both H5N1 and H7N9 viruses are capable of causing lethal infections, with mortality correlating most strongly with wider distribution of viral antigen in the lungs, rather than with traditional measures of virus titer and host responses. Strain-specific differences included hypercytokinemia in H5N1 infections that was not seen with the H7N9 infections regardless of lethality. Conversely, H7N9 viruses showed a greater tropism for respiratory epithelium covering nasal passages and nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue than H5N1 viruses, which may explain the enhanced transmission in ferret models. Overall, these studies highlight some distinctive properties of H5N1 and H7N9 viruses in different in vitro and in vivo models. IMPORTANCE The novel avian-origin H7N9 pandemic represents a serious threat to public health. The ability of H7N9 to cause serious lung pathology, leading in some cases to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, is of particular concern. Initial reports of H7N9 infection compared them to infections caused by highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Thus, it is of critical importance to understand the pathology and immunological response to infection with H7N9 compared to HPAI H5N1 viruses. We compared these responses in both in vitro and in vivo models, and found that H5N1 and H7N9 infections exhibit distinct pathological, immunological, and tissue tropism differences that could explain differences in clinical disease and viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erik A Karlsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa Kercher
- Animal Resource Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Troy Cline
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susu Duan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Influenza Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Malik Peiris
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Influenza Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Animal Resource Center, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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50
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Margalef J, Caldentey X, Karlsson EA, Coll M, Mazuela J, Pàmies O, Diéguez M, Pericàs MA. A Theoretically-Guided Optimization of a New Family of Modular P,S-Ligands for Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Minimally Functionalized Olefins. Chemistry 2014; 20:12201-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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