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Medeiros PR, Figueiredo LS, de Melo UP, Mariz ALB, de Brito EL, Araújo IRDS, Silva ALDC, Costa MHDS, Ferreira C, Assis DB, da Silva CRM, de Souza AL, de Souza MPDS. Survey on sanitary practices and knowledge about infectious diseases among equine owners in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e003323. [PMID: 38090190 PMCID: PMC10712268 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As the primary decision-maker about the health, nutrition, and well-being of their horses, owners' knowledge of correct management practices and clinical changes can potentially affect the immediate health of their horses, in addition to having an impact on the prevention of disease spread in the herd. The adoption of management practices to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens depends on various factors, including demographics, awareness of the problem, perceived responsibility, previously held beliefs, and sociocultural norms. This study aimed to evaluate the health management practices and the level of knowledge about infectious diseases of equine owners in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to horse owners in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The participants included horse owners irrespective of the duration of ownership, experience, or sports practiced. In addition to the hygiene and management of animals, the questionnaire addressed topics related to the facilities where the horses were kept. Three hundred and two horse owners distributed in 60 of the 167 municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte participated in this study. Among the interviewed owners, 63.90% (193/302) answered that they do not quarantine animals introduced into the herd or those visiting the property. Regarding the deworming program, 95.03% (287/302) of the owners regularly dewormed their animals. However, more than half of the participants sought veterinary guidance (54.30%). Investing in educational programs and increasing the awareness of equine owners in the state of Rio Grande do Norte about the main infectious diseases in horses is essential toward improving sanitary management and the general health of animals. Informed owners play an essential role in creating safer environments for their horses, thereby contributing to the sustainability of the equine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Medeiros
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Liliany Silva Figueiredo
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Louíse Bittencourt Mariz
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Emilson Lima de Brito
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Raquel dos Santos Araújo
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Allyson Lincoln Da Costa Silva
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Henrique da Silveira Costa
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Cintia Ferreira
- 2- Veterinarian, D.Sc. GEPMEq, Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Barbosa Assis
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Camilla Raylly Miguel da Silva
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Aldemir Lopes de Souza
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Magna Pereira da Silva de Souza
- 1- Undergraduate in Veterinary Medicine, Grupo de estudos e pesquisa em medicina equina (GEPMEq), Centro Universitário Mauricio de Nassau, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Riley CB, Padalino B, Rogers CW, Thompson KR. Human Injuries Associated with the Transport of Horses by Road. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101594. [PMID: 37238024 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increased understanding of shared human-animal risk in terms of "one welfare", whereby when animals are at risk, so are people, so preventing injury to one species may also prevent injury to the other. Because transport-related injuries to horses are common, the authors considered this paradigm to study road equine transport-related injuries to humans in New Zealand. The aim was to determine their frequency and associated factors by distributing a survey to horse industry participants through industry organisations asking about their horse activities, road transport experiences, and any related self-injury. There were 112/1067 (10.5%) handlers injured while preparing (13/112), loading (39/112), traveling (6/112), or unloading (33/112). Of these, 40% had multiple injury types, and 33% had several body regions affected. Hand injuries were most common (46%), followed by the foot (25%), arm (17%), and head or face (15%). Median recovery time was 7 days. Injuries were associated with the responder's industry educational background, years of driving experience, and reporting a horse injured during road transport in the past two years. Wearing helmets and gloves, and adopting strategies designed to eliminate equine injuries associated with the road transport of horses to reduce the risk of injury to their handlers are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Riley
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Padalino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 50, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chris W Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Kirrilly R Thompson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia
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Crew CR, Brennan ML, Ireland JL. Implementation of biosecurity on equestrian premises: A narrative overview. Vet J 2023; 292:105950. [PMID: 36642241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosecurity measures are designed to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens, and play a vital role in the equine industry, controlling endemic diseases and reducing the threat of exotic disease incursion. Equestrian premises differ with respect to disease risks, biosecurity requirements and available facilities. This narrative review summarises reported frequency of implementation for selected biosecurity measures, as well as evidence relating to potential barriers to implementation of biosecurity on equestrian premises. Possible opportunities for improvement in the adoption of equine biosecurity measures are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Crew
- Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0EU, UK; The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - M L Brennan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J L Ireland
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK.
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Bolwell CF, Rogers CW, Benschop J, Collins-Emerson JM, Adams B, Scarfe KR, Gee EK. Seroprevalence of Leptospira in Racehorses and Broodmares in New Zealand. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111952. [PMID: 33114082 PMCID: PMC7690811 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira in a cohort of horses and to evaluate potential risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity in horses in New Zealand. The convenience sample included 499 Thoroughbred racing and breeding horses from 25 commercial properties in North Island, New Zealand. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data on horses and property-level information on grazing and management practices, pest (rodent) management, access to natural waterways, other livestock on the property, and possible contact with wildlife. The microscopic agglutination test was used to test sera for serovars Ballum, Copenhageni, Hardjo (bovis), Pomona, and Tarassovi. Logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors for Leptospira seropositivity to at least one serovar and for each serovar individually. A total of 124 (25%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 21-29%) horses had positive titres to any one of the five serovars. The seroprevalence of Ballum, Copenhageni, Hardjo (bovis), Pomona, and Tarassovi was 5% (95% CI 3-7%), 9% (95% CI 7-12%), 6% (95% CI 4-8%), 6% (95% CI 4-8%), and 6% (95% CI 4-8%), respectively. Broodmares, compared to racehorses and alternately grazing horses with sheep, increased the odds of exposure to any one serovar, whilst grazing the same time as sheep and alternately grazing horses with cattle increased the odds of exposure to Ballum and Hardjo (bovis), respectively. Historical exposure to Leptospira in racing and breeding horses was identified, and risk factors were consistent with pasture-based exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte F. Bolwell
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-6-356-9099
| | - Chris W. Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jackie Benschop
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
| | - Julie M. Collins-Emerson
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
| | - Brooke Adams
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
| | - Katherine R. Scarfe
- IDEXX Laboratories (NZ) ULC, School of Veterinary Science Complex, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Erica K. Gee
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (C.W.R.); (J.B.); (J.M.C.-E.); (B.A.); (E.K.G.)
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Gee EK, Rogers CW, Bolwell CF. Commercial equine production in New Zealand. 1. Reproduction and breeding. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an16728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Thoroughbred and Standardbred studbooks are the largest in New Zealand, where the production of horses is pasture based. Each racing studbook is closed, and both have well structured systems in place for recording breeding data. There are significant pressures on the Thoroughbred and Standardbred breeding industries with declining broodmare numbers, and increasingly large book sizes for popular stallions. The breeding season for Thoroughbreds is very short, with disparity between the official breeding season and the physiologic breeding season for mares. These issues are confounded by variable gestation lengths of mares, making it difficult for mares to maintain yearly foaling patterns. However, the reproductive efficiency of Thoroughbred mares is improving, mainly due to veterinary and stud management practices such as those to ensure that dry mares are cycling at the start of the breeding season, foaling mares are bred on foal heat, and that mares are kept in good body condition at breeding. There is also a bias towards breeding younger mares with high fertility in preference to older mares, unless they have desired genetics or successful offspring. Careful management of popular Thoroughbred stallions ensures that large books of mares can be covered by natural service. In contrast, Standardbred stallions are collected every-other-day using an artificial vagina, allowing the breeding of mares at distant locations by artificial insemination, using chilled or frozen semen. Breeding horses kept at pasture under New Zealand conditions requires excellent stud management and veterinary management to achieve good outcomes.
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Spence KL, O’Sullivan TL, Poljak Z, Greer AL. Descriptive analysis of horse movement networks during the 2015 equestrian season in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219771. [PMID: 31295312 PMCID: PMC6622551 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are a highly mobile population, with many travelling locally, nationally, and internationally to participate in shows and sporting events. However, the nature and extent of these movements, as well as the potential impact they may have on disease introduction and spread, is not well documented. The objective of this study was to characterise the movement network of a sample of horses in Ontario, Canada, over a 7-month equestrian season. Horse owners (n = 141) documented their travel patterns with their horse(s) (n = 330) by completing monthly online questionnaires between May and November 2015. Directed networks were constructed to represent horse movements in 1-month time periods. A total of 1754 horse movements met the inclusion criteria for analysis. A variety of location types were included in each monthly network, with many including non-facilities such as parks, trails, and private farms. Only 34.3% of competitions attended by participants during the study period were regulated by an official equestrian organisation. Comparisons of the similarity between monthly networks indicated that participants did not travel to the same locations each month, and the most connected locations varied between consecutive months. While the findings should not be generalized to the wider horse population, they have provided greater insight into the nature and extent of observed horse movement patterns. The results support the need to better understand the variety of locations to which horses can travel in Ontario, as different types of locations may have different associated risks of disease introduction and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L. Spence
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terri L. O’Sullivan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zvonimir Poljak
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy L. Greer
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Spence KL, Slater J, Rosanowski SM, Cardwell JM. A cross-sectional study of horse owners' awareness and perceived risk of exotic diseases in the United Kingdom. Prev Vet Med 2019; 169:104706. [PMID: 31311639 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The international nature of the equine industry provides opportunities for the spread of infectious diseases between countries. While incursions of exotic diseases into the United Kingdom (UK) equine population have been rare, the potential socioeconomic and welfare impacts are a significant concern. However, little is known about leisure horse owners' ability or willingness to prepare for an exotic disease incursion. The objectives of this study were to describe UK leisure horse owners' awareness and perceptions of exotic diseases, and to identify clusters of horse owners characterised by their awareness and perceived risk of exotic diseases. A cross-sectional study of leisure horse owners in the UK was conducted between April and July 2018. Participants (n = 403) completed an online questionnaire with questions pertaining to demographics, experiences with endemic diseases, and awareness and perceptions of exotic diseases. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify groups of participants that were similar in regard to their awareness and perceived risk of exotic diseases. Participants identified a median of 3 (IQR 2-4) exotic diseases, with the most recognised exotic diseases being African horse sickness and West Nile virus. The most frequently mentioned clinical signs that participants thought were associated with exotic diseases included high temperature (57.2%), discharge (46.5%), and lack of energy (41.2%). Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three clusters of participants: 1) those who were aware of exotic diseases and perceived a high amount of risk (n = 78); 2) those who were aware of exotic diseases but perceived a low amount of risk (n = 111); and 3) those who were less aware of exotic diseases and perceived a low amount of risk (n = 214). Efforts to communicate the relevance and consequences of exotic diseases to horse owners should consider the potential difference in receptiveness among horse owners in each cluster. Further investigations are required to determine the implications of horse owners' perceived risk on exotic disease preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey L Spence
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Josh Slater
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sarah M Rosanowski
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK; Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jacqueline M Cardwell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
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Rosanowski SM, Carpenter TE, Adamson D, Rogers CW, Pearce P, Burns M, Cogger N. An economic analysis of a contingency model utilising vaccination for the control of equine influenza in a non-endemic country. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210885. [PMID: 30677067 PMCID: PMC6345452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Equine influenza (EI) is an infectious respiratory disease of horses that has never been reported in New Zealand (NZ). However, the 2007 EI outbreak in Australia, previously EI free, spurred the NZ government and stakeholders into evaluating alternative EI control strategies in order to economically justify any future decision to eradicate or manage EI. To build on the policy debate, this paper presents an epinomic (epidemiologic and economic) modelling approach to evaluate alternative control strategies. An epidemiologic model to determine how alternative EI control strategies influence the distribution of EI. Model results were then input into a cost-benefit analysis framework, to identify the return and feasibility of alternative EI eradication strategies in NZ. Methods The article explores nine alternative eradication scenarios and two baseline strategies. The alternative scenarios consisted of three vaccination strategies (suppressive, protective or targeted) starting at three time points to reflect the commercial breeding-cycle. These alternatives were compared to two breeding-cycle adjusted baselines: movement restriction in the breeding season (August to January) or non-breeding season (February to July). The economic loss parameters were incursion response, impact to the commercial racing industry (breeding, sales and racing), horse morbidity and mortality, and compensation to industry participants. Results and conclusions Results suggest that the economic viability of the EI eradication programme is dependent on when within the breeding-cycle the EI outbreak occurs. If an outbreak were to occur, the return on each dollar invested for protective or suppressive vaccination strategies would be between NZD$3.67 to NZD$4.89 and between NZD$3.08 to NZD$3.50 in the breeding and non-breeding seasons, respectively. Therefore, protective or suppressive vaccination strategies could be prioritised, regardless of season. As multiple industry stakeholders benefit from these strategies, the study will enable policy development and to better formulate a user-pays eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Rosanowski
- Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Epicentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim E. Carpenter
- Epicentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Adamson
- The Centre for Global Food and Resources, Faculty of the Professions, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Epidemiology and Population Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chris W. Rogers
- Equine Research Centre, Animal Production and Health Group, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patricia Pearce
- New Zealand Equine Health Association, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Burns
- New Zealand Equine Health Association, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Naomi Cogger
- Epicentre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Padalino B, Rogers CW, Guiver D, Thompson KR, Riley CB. A Survey-Based Investigation of Human Factors Associated With Transport Related Injuries in Horses. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:294. [PMID: 30525050 PMCID: PMC6262080 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries resulting from road transport are common in horses and are a potential welfare concern, as well as, a source of economic loss. An online cross sectional survey was used to determine the prevalence of road transport related injuries to horses in New Zealand and the association of human factors including demographics, industry background, training and the horse handling experience of the respondents with transport related injury. The survey generated 1133 valid responses that were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. At least one injured horse was reported by 201/1133 (17.7%) respondents as occurring during the two previous years. Only 191 respondents chose to provide further information on when the injury occurred and most injuries (133/191; 69.6%) occurred in transit. The respondent perceived possible reason for injury was reported by 190, and was most frequently thought to be either horse-associated (87/190; 45.8%) or associated with a driver mistake (18/190; 9.5%). Variables that remained as significantly associated with injury in a multivariate model focusing on human factors were experience in horse handling, the industry sector, and the amateur or professional involvement with the horse industry. The odds of injury associated with professionals may reflect greater exposure due to more frequent transport and larger numbers of horses in their care than amateurs. Findings confirm that human factors are associated with the risk of an injury during transport. Although further studies are required to determine if any of these relationships are causative, education on transport best practices with consideration of these factors may mitigate their influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Padalino
- Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Chris W Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Danielle Guiver
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kirrilly R Thompson
- UniSA Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher B Riley
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Rosanowski SM, Bolwell CF, Scott I, Sells PD, Rogers CW. The efficacy of Ivermectin against strongyles in yearlings on Thoroughbred breeding farms in New Zealand. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2017; 8:70-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rosanowski SM, Scott I, Sells PD, Rogers CW, Bolwell CF. Cross-sectional survey of parasite control practices on Thoroughbred and Standardbred training yards in New Zealand. Equine Vet J 2016; 48:387-93. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Rosanowski
- Veterinary Epidemiology; Economics and Public Health Group; Royal Veterinary College; Hatfield Hertfordshire UK
| | - I. Scott
- Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - P. D. Sells
- Kaipaki Veterinary Services; Windsor Park Stud; Cambridge New Zealand
| | - C. W. Rogers
- Equine Research Centre; Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - C. F. Bolwell
- Equine Research Centre; Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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Toombs-Ruane LJ, Riley CB, Kendall AT, Hill KE, Benschop J, Rosanowski SM. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from neonatal foal samples submitted to a New Zealand veterinary pathology laboratory (2004 to 2013). N Z Vet J 2015; 64:107-11. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1109006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Barnes AP, Moxey AP, Vosough Ahmadi B, Borthwick FA. The effect of animal health compensation on 'positive' behaviours towards exotic disease reporting and implementing biosecurity: A review, a synthesis and a research agenda. Prev Vet Med 2015; 122:42-52. [PMID: 26422364 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
With an increasing burden on public sector budgets, increased responsibility and cost sharing mechanisms for animal diseases are being considered. To achieve this, fiscal and non-fiscal intervention policies need to be designed such that they consistently promote positive disease risk management practices by animal keepers. This paper presents a review of the available evidence towards whether and how the level and type of funding mechanism affects change within biosecurity behaviours and the frequency of disease reporting. A Nuffield Health Ladder of Interventions approach is proposed as a way to frame the debate surrounding both current compensation mechanisms and how it is expected to change behaviour. Results of the review reveal a division between economic modelling approaches, which implicitly assume a causal link between payments and positive behaviours, and socio-geographic approaches which tend to ignore the influence of compensation mechanisms on influencing behaviours. Generally, economic studies suggest less than full compensation rates will encourage positive behaviours, but the non-economic literature indicate significant variation in response to compensation reflecting heterogeneity of livestock keepers in terms of their values, goals, risk attitudes, size of operation, animal species and production chain characteristics. This may be of encouragement to Western Governments seeking to shift cost burdens as it may induce greater targeting of non-fiscal mechanisms, or suggest more novel ways to augment current compensation mechanisms to both increase responsibility sharing and reduce this cost burden. This review suggests that a range of regulatory, fiscal and nudging policies are required to achieve socially optimal results with respect to positive behaviour change. However, the lack of directly available evidence which proves these causal links may hinder progress towards this optimal mixture of choice and non-choice based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Peter Barnes
- Land Economy, Environment and Society Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, King's Buildings, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Bouda Vosough Ahmadi
- Land Economy, Environment and Society Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, King's Buildings, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Fiona Ann Borthwick
- Land Economy, Environment and Society Research Group, SRUC, West Mains Road, King's Buildings, EH9 3JG Edinburgh, UK.
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14
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Toombs-Ruane LJ, Riley CB, Kendall AT, Bolwell CF, Benschop J, Rosanowski SM. Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Aerobic Isolates from Respiratory Samples of Young New Zealand Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1700-6. [PMID: 26289293 PMCID: PMC4895690 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased efficacy of antimicrobials and increased prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) is of concern worldwide. Objectives To describe and analyze bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibilities from respiratory samples submitted from young horses (4 weeks to 3 years old). Animals Samples from 289 horses were submitted to a commercial laboratory. Methods A retrospective database search of submissions made to a New Zealand veterinary laboratory between April 2004 and July 2014. The results of in vitro susceptibility testing by Kirby‐Bauer disc diffusion were described and tabulated for the major bacterial species isolated. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was used to describe the clustering of MDR isolates and selected demographic variables. Results Overall, 774 bacterial isolates were cultured from 237 horses, the majority of these isolates were gram‐positive (67.6%; 95% CI 64.3–70.9%). Streptococcus spp. were the most common genus of bacteria isolated and were 40.1% (95% CI 36.6–43.5%) of the isolates cultured. Susceptibility of Streptococcus spp. to penicillin, gentamicin, and ceftiofur was >85%. Overall, gram‐negative susceptibility to ceftiofur, tetracycline, and TMPS was <75%. MDR was defined as resistance to 3 or more antimicrobials, and was found in 39.2% of horses (93/237; 95% CI 33.0–45.5%). Conclusions and clinical importance Culture and susceptibility results have highlighted that MDR is an emerging problem for young horses in New Zealand (NZ), where a bacterial respiratory infection is suspected. This should be considered when prescribing antimicrobials, and emphasizes the need for submission of samples for culture and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Toombs-Ruane
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C B Riley
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A T Kendall
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - C F Bolwell
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Benschop
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S M Rosanowski
- Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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15
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Rosanowski SM, Cogger N, Rogers CW, Stevenson MA. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for the Control of Equine Influenza Virus in the New Zealand Equine Population. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:321-32. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Rosanowski
- EpiCentre; Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - N. Cogger
- EpiCentre; Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - C. W. Rogers
- Massey Equine; Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - M. A. Stevenson
- EpiCentre; Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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16
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Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan MM. Admittance of a neurological case in an equine hospital? EQUINE VET EDUC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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