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Li Y, Li R, Mo X, Wang Y, Yin J, Bergmann SM, Ren Y, Pan H, Shi C, Zhang D, Wang Q. Development of real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and RPA combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assays for the rapid and sensitive detection of cyprinid herpesvirus 3. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13960. [PMID: 38708552 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this issue, we established rapid, cost-effective, and simple detection methods including recombines polymerase amplification with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) and real-time RPA for cyprinid herpesvirus 3(CyHV-3), and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and applicability, the real-time RPA method could achieve sensitive diagnosis of CyHV-3 within 1.3 copies per reaction, respectively. The real-time RPA method is 10-fold more sensitive than RPA-LFD method. The exact number of CyHV-3 can be calculated in each sample by real-time RPA. The sera from koi also can be tested in these methods. In addition, no cross-reaction was observed with other related pathogens, including carp oedema virus (CEV), spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV), cyprinid herpesvirus 1(CyHV-1), cyprinid herpesvirus 2(CyHV-2), type I grass carp reovirus (GCRV-I), type II GCRV (GCRV-II), type III GCRV (GCRV-III), and Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubing Mo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sven M Bergmann
- Germany Reference Laboratory for KHVD, Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Badhusha A, Nafeez Ahmed A, Suryakodi S, Abdul Wazith MJ, Mithra S, Kanimozhi K, Abdul Majeed S, Taju G, Sahul Hameed AS. First report on the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) in India. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2022; 45:1087-1098. [PMID: 35490338 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) for the first time in India. The koi carp, with clinical signs of ulcer with haemorrhage on body surface, necrosis of fin and discolouration of gill associated with huge mortality, were observed in aquarium shops, rearing tanks and grow-out ponds located in Chennai, India. The PCR assay carried out on infected fish samples using different primer sets specific to CyHV-3 confirmed its presence in the infected fish. Sequence analysis of partial thymidine kinase gene revealed 100% similarity with the sequence of CyHV-3 available in GenBank. Cell lines of koi carp and catla were found to be susceptible to CyHV-3 and its replication was confirmed by viral-specific cytopathic effect, PCR and bioassay. The CyHV-3 infection was reproduced by intramuscular injection of inoculum prepared from CyHV-3-infected fish to satisfy Koch's postulates. Tissue tropism of CyHV-3 in infected fish by PCR assay revealed the presence of CyHV-3 in all vital organs with prominent band in gill and gut tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allahbagash Badhusha
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Abdul Nafeez Ahmed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Selvam Suryakodi
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Mohamed Jaffer Abdul Wazith
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Sivaraj Mithra
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Kumarasamy Kanimozhi
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Seepoo Abdul Majeed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Gani Taju
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
| | - Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University), Ranipet District, India
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Marsella A, Pretto T, Abbadi M, Quartesan R, Cortinovis L, Fiocchi E, Manfrin A, Toffan A. Carp edema virus-related mortality in wild adult common carp (cyprinus carpio) in Italy. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:939-947. [PMID: 33591616 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mortality in wild fish populations represents a challenging issue for public fish health inspectors. When a single fish species is involved, an infective aetiology is frequently suspected, with focus on viral notifiable diseases. However, other viral agents not subjected to regulation and causing mortality in common carp have been reported such as carp edema virus (CEV). In mid-June 2020, a severe common carp mortality was observed in an artificial lake in north-east of Italy. Sleepy fish were noted some days before the beginning of the mortality itself, which lasted several days and involved over 340 adult specimens. During the outbreak, water temperature was around 15°C, water quality was normal, and no adverse meteorological events were reported in the area. Four specimens, which showed severe cutaneous hyperaemia and increased mucus production on skin and gills, were tested by bacteriological methods and virological analysis targeting the main carp pathogens. Molecular analysis performed on gills, kidney and brains from all the fish analysed resulted positive for CEV, which, based on anamnestic information and laboratory findings, was considered the responsible for the mortality event herein described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marsella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Tobia Pretto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Abbadi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Rosita Quartesan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Luana Cortinovis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Fiocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Amedeo Manfrin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Anna Toffan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
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Oral Probiotic Vaccine Expressing Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) ORF81 Protein Delivered by Chitosan-Alginate Capsules Is a Promising Strategy for Mass Oral Vaccination of Carps against KHV Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00415-21. [PMID: 33827944 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00415-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is highly contagious and lethal to cyprinid fish, causing significant economic losses to the carp aquaculture industry, particularly to koi carp breeders. Vaccines delivered through intramuscular needle injection or gene gun are not suitable for mass vaccination of carp. So, the development of cost-effective oral vaccines that are easily applicable at a farm level is highly desirable. In this study, we utilized chitosan-alginate capsules as an oral delivery system for a live probiotic (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) vaccine, pYG-KHV-ORF81/LR CIQ249, expressing KHV ORF81 protein. The tolerance of the encapsulated recombinant Lactobacillus to various digestive environments and the ability of the probiotic strain to colonize the intestine of carp was tested. The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the encapsulated probiotic vaccine was evaluated by determining IgM levels, lymphocyte proliferation, expression of immune-related genes, and viral challenge to vaccinated fish. It was clear that the chitosan-alginate capsules protected the probiotic vaccine effectively against extreme digestive environments, and a significant level (P < 0.01) of antigen-specific IgM with KHV-neutralizing activity was detected, which provided a protection rate of ca. 85% for koi carp against KHV challenge. The strategy of using chitosan-alginate capsules to deliver probiotic vaccines is easily applicable for mass oral vaccination of fish.IMPORTANCE An oral probiotic vaccine, pYG-KHV-ORF81/LR CIQ249, encapsulated by chitosan-alginate capsules as an oral delivery system was developed for koi carp against koi herpesvirus (KHV) infection. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine can be protected from various digestive environments and maintain effectively high viability, showing a good tolerance to digestive environments. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine has a good immunogenicity in koi carp via oral vaccination, and a significant level of antigen-specific IgM was effectively induced after oral vaccination, displaying effective KHV-neutralizing activity. This encapsulated probiotic vaccine can provide effective protection for koi carp against KHV challenge, which is handling-stress free for the fish, cost effective, and suitable for the mass oral vaccination of koi carp at a farm level, suggesting a promising vaccine strategy for fish.
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