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Yi L, Xu R, Yuan X, Ren Z, Song H, Lai H, Sun Z, Deng H, Yang B, Yu D. Heat stress enhances the occurrence of erythromycin resistance of Enterococcus isolates in mice feces. J Therm Biol 2024; 120:103786. [PMID: 38428103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is a common environmental factor in livestock breeding that has been shown to impact the development of antibiotic resistance within the gut microbiota of both human and animals. However, studies investigating the effect of temperature on antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus isolates remain limited. In this study, specific pathogen free (SPF) mice were divided into a control group maintained at normal temperature and an experimental group subjected to daily 1-h heat stress at 38 °C, respectively. Gene expression analysis was conducted to evaluate the activation of heat shock responsive genes in the liver of mice. Additionally, the antibiotic-resistant profile and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in fecal samples from mice were analyzed. The results showed an upregulation of heat-inducible proteins HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 following heat stress exposure, indicating successful induction of cellular stress within the mice. Furthermore, heat stress resulted in an increase in the proportion of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, escalating from 0 % to 0.23 % over a 30-day duration of heat stress. The resistance of Enterococcus isolates to erythromycin also had a 128-fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) within the heated-stressed group compared to the control group. Additionally, a 2∼8-fold rise in chloramphenicol MIC was observed among these erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. The acquisition of ermB genes was predominantly responsible for mediating the erythromycin resistance in these Enterococcus isolates. Moreover, the abundance of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin (MLS) resistant-related genes in the fecal samples from the heat-stressed group exhibited a significant elevation compared to the control group, primarily driven by changes in bacterial community composition, especially Enterococcaceae and Planococcaceae, and the transfer of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), particularly insertion elements. Collectively, these results highlight the role of environmental heat stress in promoting antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus isolates and partly explain the increasing prevalence of erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates observed among animals in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxian Yi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaowu Yuan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zining Ren
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huihui Song
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huamin Lai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhihua Sun
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Daojin Yu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Rebelo A, Duarte B, Freitas AR, Almeida A, Azevedo R, Pinto E, Peixe L, Antunes P, Novais C. Uncovering the effects of copper feed supplementation on the selection of copper-tolerant and antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus in poultry production for sustainable environmental practices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165769. [PMID: 37506909 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in animal production is linked to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, a threat to animal, environmental and human health. Copper (Cu) is an essential element in poultry diets and an alternative to antibiotics, supplementing inorganic or organic trace mineral feeds (ITMF/OTMF). However, its contribution to select multidrug-resistant (MDR) and Cu tolerant Enterococcus, a bacteria with a human-animal-environment-food interface, remains uncertain. We evaluated whether feeding chickens with Cu-ITMF or Cu-OTMF contributes to the selection of Cu tolerant and MDR Enterococcus from rearing to slaughter. Animal faeces [2-3-days-old (n = 18); pre-slaughter (n = 16)] and their meat (n = 18), drinking-water (n = 14) and feed (n = 18) from seven intensive farms with ITMF and OTMF flocks (10.000-64.000 animals each; 2019-2020; Portugal) were sampled. Enterococcus were studied by cultural, molecular and whole-genome sequencing methods and Cu concentrations by ICP-MS. Enterococcus (n = 477; 60 % MDR) were identified in 80 % of the samples, with >50 % carrying isolates resistant to tetracycline, quinupristin-dalfopristin, erythromycin, streptomycin, ampicillin or ciprofloxacin. Enterococcus with Cu tolerance genes, especially tcrB ± cueO, were mainly found in faeces (85 %; E. faecium/E. lactis) of ITMF/OTMF flocks. Similar occurrence and load of tcrB ± cueO Enterococcus in the faeces was detected throughout the chickens' lifespan in the ITMF/OTMF flocks, decreasing in meat. Most of the polyclonal MDR Enterococcus population carrying tcrB ± cueO or only cueO (67 %) showed a wild-type phenotype (MICCuSO4 ≤ 12 mM) linked to absence of tcrYAZB or truncated variants, also detected in 85 % of Enterococcus public genomes from poultry. Finally, < 65 μg/g Cu was found in all faecal and meat samples. In conclusion, Cu present in ITMF/OTMF is not selecting Cu tolerant and MDR Enterococcus during chickens' lifespan. However, more studies are needed to assess the minimum concentration of Cu required for MDR bacterial selection and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes, which would support sustainable practices mitigating antibiotic resistance spread in animal production and the environment beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Rebelo
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Duarte
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R Freitas
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; 1H-TOXRUN, One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Azevedo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Edgar Pinto
- ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Peixe
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Antunes
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Novais
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Bort B, Martí P, Mormeneo S, Mormeneo M, Iranzo M. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Broilers Throughout the Supply Chain in Valencia, Spain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:717-724. [PMID: 36037011 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and AMR of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broilers throughout the supply chain in Valencia, Spain. A total of 483 samples were included in the analysis: 430 from the slaughterhouse (chicken carcass and neck skin) and 53 from the point of sale (retail broiler and packaging). Taking into account the origin of the sample, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 19% in carcass, 28.2% in neck skin, 36.7% in retail broiler, and 80% in packaging isolates. The prevalence of different species in the analyzed samples was 21.1% and 4.8% for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. AMR profiling of 125 Campylobacter isolates revealed that 122 (97.6%) of the isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. C. jejuni samples presented high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, 96.1% and 90.2% respectively, whereas C. coli showed 87% of resistance to both antimicrobials. Both species were resistant to tetracycline (C. jejuni 84.3% and C. coli 60.9%) and 26.1% of C. coli was resistant to streptomycin. These results showed no significant difference in the frequency of AMR (p ≥ 0.05) among isolates originated from different points in the food-processing chain at slaughterhouses and retail establishments. In contrast, three main patterns were detected: quinolone-tetracycline (64%), quinolone-only (17.6%), and quinolone-tetracycline-aminoglycosides (8%). Additionally, 12.8% of the isolates presented multidrug resistance, with significantly higher levels detected among C. coli (30.4%) isolates compared with C. jejuni (8.8%) and all the three strains were resistant to all six antibiotics tested. Therefore, these results indicate that broilers could be a source of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter in humans and consequently pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Bort
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pedro Martí
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mormeneo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Mormeneo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Iranzo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Torres MC, Vieira TR, Cardoso MRI, Siqueira FM, Borba MR. Perception of poultry veterinarians on the use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance in egg production. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101987. [PMID: 35841632 PMCID: PMC9293647 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the perception of veterinarians who work with commercial laying hens in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, regarding the use of antibiotics and their possible impacts on animal, human, and environmental health. A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out through face-to-face or web conferencing interviews with the veterinarians that provide technical assistance at commercial laying hen operations. A standardized and structured questionnaire was developed based on the literature and expert opinion, which contained 1 opened and 40 closed questions. Conventional non-probabilistic sampling was used, based on an initial list of 15 veterinarians registered in the Poultry Production Association of Rio Grande do Sul, followed by the snowball technique. The acquisition of 26 contacts of veterinarians was accomplished, and 16 were interviewed. Through the answers obtained it was possible to verify that the interviewees' understanding regarding both the antibiotic resistance impact and the decision-making about the use of antibiotics seem to be linked to their practical experiences. Besides that, according to the veterinarians, farmers can acquire and administer the antimicrobials on their farms. Moreover, both farm storage and administration of lower doses of antibiotics than the recommended one could be contributing factors to resistant bacteria selection. Furthermore, controversially, the professionals believed that resistant bacteria can be transmitted to humans from eggs, but they said that there are no bacteria in eggs. Therefore, the veterinarians´ practices can be improved considering national and international guidelines on antimicrobial resistance to minimize the development of resistance. Finally, it is expected that the present results will contribute to a more complex discussion about antimicrobial resistance, helping to formulate public policies in the egg production industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Torres
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R Vieira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Marisa R I Cardoso
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Franciele M Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Mauro R Borba
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul CEP: 91540-000, Brazil
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Escherichia coli Isolated from Organic Laying Hens Reveal a High Level of Antimicrobial Resistance despite No Antimicrobial Treatments. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040467. [PMID: 35453218 PMCID: PMC9027956 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the resistance characteristics of E. coli isolates originating from 18 organic laying hen flocks. E. coli was isolated from different organs at three different time points, resulting in 209 E. coli isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by applying a microdilution assay. General, a high resistance rate was found. The antibiotic susceptibility was independent from the presence of pathological lesions, the isolation site, or the affiliation to a pathogenic serogroup. The majority of the isolates proved to be multi-drug-resistant (95.70%), of which 36.84% could be categorized as extensively drug-resistant. All isolates were resistant to oxacillin and tylosin. Resistance rates to amoxicillin (67.94%), cefoxitin (55.98%), ceftazidime (82.30%), colistin (73.68%), nalidixic acid (91.87%), streptomycin (42.58%), tetracycline (53.59%), and sulfamethoxazole (95.22%) were high. None of the isolates revealed pan-drug-resistance. A great heterogeneity of resistance profiles was found between isolates within a flock or from different organs of the same bird, even when isolates originated from the same organ. An increase in antimicrobial resistance was found to be correlated with the age of the birds. The fact, that no antibiotic treatment was applied except in two flocks, indicates that resistant bacteria circulating in the environment pose a threat to organic systems.
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Zhu T, Chen T, Cao Z, Zhong S, Wen X, Mi J, Ma B, Zou Y, Zhang N, Liao X, Wang Y, Wu Y. Antibiotic resistance genes in layer farms and their correlation with environmental samples. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101485. [PMID: 34695626 PMCID: PMC8554274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farms are generally considered to be the important source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). It is important to explore the spread of ARGs to reduce their harm. This study analyzed 13 resistance genes belonging to 7 types in 68 samples of layer manure including different stages of layer breeding, layer manure fertilizer, and soil from 9 laying hen farms in Guangdong Province. The detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was extremely high at the layer farm in manure (100%), layer manure fertilizer (100%), and soil (> 95%). The log counts of antibiotic resistance genes in layer manure (3.34-11.83 log copies/g) were significantly higher than those in layer manure fertilizer (3.45-9.80 log copies/g) and soil (0-7.69 log copies/g). In layer manure, ermB was the most abundant antibiotic resistance gene, with a concentration of 3.19 × 109- 6.82 × 1011 copies/g. The average abundances of 5 antibiotic resistance genes were above 1010 copies/g in the descending order ermB, sul2, tetA, sul1, and strB. The relative abundances of ARGs in layer manure samples from different breeding stages ranked as follows: brooding period (BP), late laying period (LL), growing period (GP), early laying period (EL), and peak laying period (PL). There was no significant correlation between the farm scale and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes. Moreover, the farther away from the layer farm, the lower the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the soil. We also found that compost increases the correlation between antibiotic resistance genes, and the antibiotic resistance genes in soil may be directly derived from layer manure fertilizer instead of manure. Therefore, when applying layer manure fertilizer to cultivated land, the risk of antibiotic resistance genes pollution should be acknowledged, and in-depth research should be conducted on how to remove antibiotic resistance genes from layer manure fertilizer to control the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- WENS Foodstuff Group Co., Ltd., Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wen
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiandui Mi
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Disposal and Resource Utilization of Animal Wastes, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Baohua Ma
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Yongde Zou
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Foshan Customs Comprehensive Technology Center, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Disposal and Resource Utilization of Animal Wastes, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Disposal and Resource Utilization of Animal Wastes, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- College of Animal Science & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Tropical Agricultural Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Disposal and Resource Utilization of Animal Wastes, Yunfu, Xinxing 527400, China.
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Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis Commensal Isolates from Laying Hen Farms in Spain. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051284. [PMID: 33947120 PMCID: PMC8146952 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out in laying hens. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. C. jejuni was highly resistant, and a medium proportion of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials studied. E. coli showed medium to high percentages of resistance to the antibiotic categories of highest public health risk concern (A and B). Only a low proportion of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. The E. faecalis resistance to antimicrobials was variable, and very few isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. Novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain was provided, and the AMR levels differed from those reported for poultry in the EU. High resistance to key drugs used in human medicine was found. Therefore, laying hens could be a source of AMR for humans, thus, representing a public health risk. Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat for human and animal health. Few studies have been carried out in laying hens. We evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of commensal Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis isolates in Spanish laying hens in 2018. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was used to identify any AMR of the studied isolates by means of a broth microdilution method. C. jejuni was highly resistant to the B category antimicrobials, and 52% of the isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. E. coli showed medium and high percentages of resistance to the B and A antibiotic categories, respectively, and 33.33% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. The E. faecalis resistance to A category antimicrobials was variable, and 4.62% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials. In our work, novel data on AMR in laying hen commensal isolates in Spain is provided, and the AMR levels differ from those reported for poultry in the EU. A high resistance to key drugs for human medicine was found, representing a public health risk.
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