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Lambert S, Thébault A, Anselme-Martin S, Calenge C, Dunoyer C, Freddi L, Garin-Bastuji B, Guyonnaud B, Hars J, Marchand P, Payne A, Petit É, Ponsart C, Quéméré E, Toïgo C, van de Wiele A, Rossi S, Gilot-Fromont E. [Brucellosis in Alpine ibex: 10 years of research and expert assessments]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:722-731. [PMID: 37943132 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis affects domestic and wild ruminants, as well as other mammals, including humans. Despite France being officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005, two human cases of Brucella melitensis infection in the French Alps in 2012 led to the discovery of one infected cattle herd and of one infected population of wild Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). In this review, we present the results of 10 years of research on the epidemiology of brucellosis in this population of Alpine ibex. We also discuss the insights brought by research and expert assessments on the efficacy of disease management strategies used to mitigate brucellosis in the French Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lambert
- Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes (IHAP), université de Toulouse, INRAe, école nationale vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Thébault
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), direction de l'évaluation des risques, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Anselme-Martin
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), service départemental de Haute-Savoie, Sévrier, France
| | - Clément Calenge
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction surveillance, évaluation, données, unité données et appui méthodologique, Auffargis, France
| | - Charlotte Dunoyer
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), direction de la stratégie et des programmes, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luca Freddi
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses)/université Paris-Est, laboratoire de santé animale, laboratoire de référence national, européen, et organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OMSA) pour les brucelloses animales, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), direction de la stratégie et des programmes, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoit Guyonnaud
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), service départemental de Haute-Savoie, Sévrier, France
| | - Jean Hars
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, unité sanitaire de la faune, Gières, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, service anthropisation et fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres, Juvignac, France
| | - Ariane Payne
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, service santé de la faune et fonctionnement des écosystèmes agricoles, Orléans, France
| | - Élodie Petit
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, service santé de la faune et fonctionnement des écosystèmes agricoles, Orléans, France - Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, CNRS, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive UMR 5558, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire, de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (Anses)/université Paris-Est, laboratoire de santé animale, laboratoire de référence national, européen, et organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OMSA) pour les brucelloses animales, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Erwan Quéméré
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), institut Agro, institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), UMR DECOD (dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l'océan), Rennes, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, service anthropisation et fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres, Gières, France
| | - Anne van de Wiele
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, direction générale déléguée police, connaissance, expertise, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), direction de la recherche et de l'appui scientifique, unité sanitaire de la faune, Gap, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, CNRS, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive UMR 5558, Marcy l'Étoile, France
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Freddi L, Vicente AF, Petit E, Ribeiro M, Game Y, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Riou M, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S, Djokic V, Ponsart C. Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Assay (LFIA) for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Brucellosis in French Alpine Ibex ( Capra ibex). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1976. [PMID: 37630536 PMCID: PMC10459811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005. Nevertheless, in 2012, as the source of two human cases, a bovine outbreak due to B. melitensis biovar 3 was confirmed in the French Alpine Bargy massif, due to a spillover from wild, protected Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). In order to reduce high Brucella prevalence in the local ibex population, successive management strategies have been implemented. Lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) was thus identified as a promising on-site screening test, allowing for a rapid diagnosis far from the laboratory. This study compared a commercial LFIA for brucellosis diagnosis with the WOAH-recommended tests for small ruminants (i.e., Rose Bengal test (RBT), Complement fixation test, (CFT) and Indirect ELISA, (iELISA)). LFIA showed the same analytical sensitivity as iELISA on successive dilutions of the International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum (ISaBmS) and the EU Goat Brucella Standard Serum (EUGBSS). Selectivity was estimated at 100% when vaccinated ibex sera were analyzed. When used on samples from naturally infected ibex, LFIA showed high concordance, as well as relative sensitivity and specificity (>97.25%) in comparison with RBT and CFT. This work shows high reliability and ensures a better standardization of LFIA testing for wild ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Freddi
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Acacia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Elodie Petit
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support, 74320 Sévrier, France
- The Biometrics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory UMR 5558, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maëline Ribeiro
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290 Obterre, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT), Département Génie Biologique, Université de Tours, 37082 Tours, France
- UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- UE-1277 Plateforme d’Infectiologie Expérimentale, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Sophie Rossi
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support, 74320 Sévrier, France
| | - Vitomir Djokic
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
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Combining seroprevalence and capture-mark-recapture data to estimate the force of infection of brucellosis in a managed population of Alpine ibex. Epidemics 2022; 38:100542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2022.100542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lambert S, Thébault A, Rossi S, Marchand P, Petit E, Toïgo C, Gilot-Fromont E. Targeted strategies for the management of wildlife diseases: the case of brucellosis in Alpine ibex. Vet Res 2021; 52:116. [PMID: 34521471 PMCID: PMC8439036 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of infectious diseases in wildlife reservoirs is challenging and faces several limitations. However, detailed knowledge of host-pathogen systems often reveal heterogeneity among the hosts' contribution to transmission. Management strategies targeting specific classes of individuals and/or areas, having a particular role in transmission, could be more effective and more acceptable than population-wide interventions. In the wild population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex-a protected species) of the Bargy massif (French Alps), females transmit brucellosis (Brucella melitensis) infection in ~90% of cases, and most transmissions occur in the central spatial units ("core area"). Therefore, we expanded an individual-based model, developed in a previous study, to test whether strategies targeting females or the core area, or both, would be more effective. We simulated the relative efficacy of realistic strategies for the studied population, combining test-and-remove (euthanasia of captured animals with seropositive test results) and partial culling of unmarked animals. Targeting females or the core area was more effective than untargeted management options, and strategies targeting both were even more effective. Interestingly, the number of ibex euthanized and culled in targeted strategies were lower than in untargeted ones, thus decreasing the conservation costs while increasing the sanitary benefits. Although there was no silver bullet for the management of brucellosis in the studied population, targeted strategies offered a wide range of promising refinements to classical sanitary measures. We therefore encourage to look for heterogeneity in other wildlife diseases and to evaluate potential strategies for improving management in terms of efficacy but also acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France. .,Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Anne Thébault
- Direction de l'évaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire, de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail (Anses), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Unité Sanitaire de La Faune, Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Gap, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Unité Ongulés Sauvages, Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Juvignac, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Unité Sanitaire de La Faune, Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Sévrier, France.,Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Unité Ongulés Sauvages, Office Français de La Biodiversité (OFB), Gières, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Corti P, Collado B, Salgado M, Moraga CA, Radic-Schilling S, Tejeda C, Ruiz-Aravena M. Dynamic of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in a domestic-wildlife interface: Domestic sheep and guanaco as reservoir community. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e161-e174. [PMID: 34347393 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural herbivore populations have experienced uninterrupted pressures from direct and evident domestic-wildlife interactions and competition, to indirect or less obvious ones such as pathogen transmission. Thus, pathogen spillover between wild and domestic animals is a constant concern because the domestic-wildlife interface represents the ecological frontier in which pathogen transmission takes place in both directions. In Patagonian steppe communities, extensive sheep ranching and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) populations coexist, and guanaco have shown to be infected by pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) likely transmitted from livestock. MAP causes chronic enteritis and affects mostly domestic ruminants. We evaluated MAP prevalence and pathogen shedding in both species' faeces collected in non-shared and shared sites according to presence/absence of sheep and guanaco along a year, in four different seasons (autumn, winter, and spring 2018, and summer 2019). Our results indicate that MAP circulates in both sheep and guanaco populations with self-sustained transmission; however, both species differ in their levels of competence. We detected higher pathogen shedding in sites occupied by sheep, suggesting that sheep populations may be the main source of infection for susceptible animals due to their large numbers which drive MAP dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Corti
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bernardita Collado
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Miguel Salgado
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio A Moraga
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Sergio Radic-Schilling
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Carlos Tejeda
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Aravena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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