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Aguirre-Sánchez JR, Castro-Del Campo N, Medrano-Félix JA, Martínez-Torres AO, Chaidez C, Querol-Audi J, Castro-Del Campo N. Genomic insights of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis in a high livestock activity region of Mexico. J Vet Sci 2024; 25:25.e42. [PMID: 38910306 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Bovine mastitis, predominantly associated with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, poses a significant threat to dairy cows, leading to a decline in milk quality and volume with substantial economic implications. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the incidence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus associated with mastitis in dairy cows. METHODS Fifty milk-productive cows underwent a subclinical mastitis diagnosis, and the S. aureus strains were isolated. Genomic DNA extraction, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were performed, supplemented by including 124 S. aureus genomes from cows with subclinical mastitis to enhance the overall analysis. RESULTS The results revealed a 42% prevalence of subclinical mastitis among the cows tested. Genomic analysis identified 26 sequence types (STs) for all isolates, with Mexican STs belonging primarily to CC1 and CC97. The analyzed genomes exhibited multidrug resistance to phenicol, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and cephalosporine, which are commonly used as the first line of treatment. Furthermore, a similar genomic virulence repertoire was observed across the genomes, encompassing the genes related to invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and iron uptake. In particular, the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tss-1) was found predominantly in the genomes isolated in this study, posing potential health risks, particularly in children. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE These findings underscore the broad capacity for antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity by S. aureus, compromising the integrity of milk and dairy products. The study emphasizes the need to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics in combating S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Roberto Aguirre-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD). Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, México
| | - Nohemí Castro-Del Campo
- Departamento de Parasitología Animal. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa (UAS). Culiacán, Sinaloa 80260, México
| | - José Andrés Medrano-Félix
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD). Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, México
| | - Alex Omar Martínez-Torres
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá City 0820, Panamá
| | - Cristóbal Chaidez
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD). Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, México
| | - Jordi Querol-Audi
- Experimental and Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Vice Rectory of Research and Postgraduate Affairs, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá City 0820, Panamá
| | - Nohelia Castro-Del Campo
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA), Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD). Culiacán, Sinaloa 80110, México.
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Agarwal V, Meier B, Schreiner C, Figi R, Tao Y, Wang J. Airborne antibiotic and metal resistance genes - A neglected potential risk at e-waste recycling facilities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170991. [PMID: 38365028 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal-rich environments can promote the selection of metal-resistance genes (MRGs) in bacteria, often leading to the simultaneous selection of antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) through a process known as co-selection. To comprehensively evaluate the biological pollutants at electronic-waste (e-waste) recycling facilities, air, soil, and river samples were collected at four distinct Swiss e-waste recycling facilities and analyzed for ARGs, MRGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), endotoxins, and bacterial species, with correlations drawn to heavy metal occurrence. To our knowledge, the present work marks the first attempt to quantify these bio-pollutants in the air of e-waste recycling facilities, that might pose a significant health risk to workers. Although ARG and MRG's profiles varied among the different sample types, intl1 consistently exhibited high relative abundance rates, identifying it as the predominant MGE across all sample types and facilities. These findings underscore its pivol role in driving diverse bacterial adaptations to extreme heavy metal exposure by selection and dissemination of ARGs and MRGs. All air samples exhibited consistent profiles of ARGs and MRGs, with blaTEM emerging as the predominant ARG, alongside pbrT and nccA as the most prevalent MRGs. However, one facility, engaged in batteries recycling and characterized by exceptionally high concentrations of heavy metals, showcased a more diverse resistance gene profile, suggesting that bacteria in this environment required more complex resistance mechanisms to cope with extreme metal exposure. Furthermore, this study unveiled a strong association between gram-negative bacteria and ARGs and less with MRGs. Overall, this research emphasizes the critical importance of studying biological pollutants in the air of e-waste recycling facilities to inform robust safety measures and mitigate the risk of resistance gene dissemination among workers. These findings establish a solid foundation for further investigations into the complex interplay among heavy metal exposure, bacterial adaptation, and resistance patterns in such distinctive ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Agarwal
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8983, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - B Meier
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8983, Switzerland
| | - C Schreiner
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - R Figi
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Y Tao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8983, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8983, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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Saeed SI, Kamaruzzaman NF, Gahamanyi N, Nguyen TTH, Hossain D, Kahwa I. Confronting the complexities of antimicrobial management for Staphyloccous aureus causing bovine mastitis: an innovative paradigm. Ir Vet J 2024; 77:4. [PMID: 38418988 PMCID: PMC10900600 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-024-00264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, Mastitis is a disease commonly affecting dairy cattle which leads to the use of antimicrobials. The majority of mastitis etiological agents are bacterial pathogens and Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant causative agent. Antimicrobial treatment is administered mainly via intramammary and intramuscular routes. Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) often associated with antimicrobial misuse, the treatment of mastitis is becoming challenging with less alternative treatment options. Besides, biofilms formation and ability of mastitis-causing bacteria to enter and adhere within the cells of the mammary epithelium complicate the treatment of bovine mastitis. In this review article, we address the challenges in treating mastitis through conventional antibiotic treatment because of the rising AMR, biofilms formation, and the intracellular survival of bacteria. This review article describes different alternative treatments including phytochemical compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), phage therapy, and Graphene Nanomaterial-Based Therapy that can potentially be further developed to complement existing antimicrobial therapy and overcome the growing threat of AMR in etiologies of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, Sudan.
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK), Pengkalan Chepa, Kelantan, 16100, Malaysia
| | - Noel Gahamanyi
- Biology Department, School of Science, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, P.O. Box 3900, Kigali, Rwanda
- Microbiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory, Rwanda Biomedical, P.O. Box 7162, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen
- Research Center for Infectious Diseases, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Delower Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, 26900, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e -Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
- Udder Health Bangladesh (UHB), Chattogram, 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Agarwal V, Yue Y, Zhang X, Feng X, Tao Y, Wang J. Spatial and temporal distribution of endotoxins, antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in the air of a dairy farm in Germany. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122404. [PMID: 37625772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious issue that is continuously growing and spreading, leading to a dwindling number of effective treatments for infections that were easily treatable with antibiotics in the past. Animal farms are a major hotspot for AMR, where antimicrobials are often overused, misused, and abused, in addition to overcrowding of animals. In this study, we investigated the risk of AMR transmission from a farm to nearby residential areas by examining the overall occurrence of endotoxins, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the air of a cattle farm. We assessed various factors, including the season and year, day and nighttime, and different locations within the farm building and its vicinity. The most abundant ARGs detected were tetW, aadA1, and sul2, genes that encode for resistances towards antibiotics commonly used in veterinary medicine. While there was a clear concentration gradient for endotoxin from the middle of the farm building to the outside areas, the abundance of ARGs and MGEs was relatively uniform among all locations within the farm and its vicinity. This suggests that endotoxins preferentially accumulated in the coarse particle fraction, which deposited quickly, as opposed to the ARGs and MGEs, which might concentrate in the fine particle fraction and remain longer in the aerosol phase. The occurrence of the same genes found in the air samples and in the manure indicated that ARGs and MGEs in the air mostly originated from the cows, continuously being released from the manure to the air. Although our atmospheric dispersion model indicated a relatively low risk for nearby residential areas, farm workers might be at greater risk of getting infected with resistant bacteria and experiencing overall respiratory tract issues due to continuous exposure to elevated concentrations of endotoxins, ARGs and MGEs in the air of the farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Agarwal
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Y Yue
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - X Feng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Y Tao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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Zhao X, Luo H, Lu H, Ma L, Li Y, Dou J, Zhang J, Ma Y, Li J, Wang Y. RNA-Seq Analysis of Peripheral Whole Blood from Dairy Bulls with High and Low Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2208. [PMID: 37444006 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing the immune response through breeding is regarded as an effective strategy for improving animal health, as dairy cattle identified as high immune responders are reported to have a decreased prevalence of economically significant diseases. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune responses might be an effective tool for breeding healthy dairy cattle. In this study, antibody-mediated immune responses (AMIRs) were induced by the immunization of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in six Chinese Holstein dairy bulls divided into high- and low-AMIR groups based on their HEWL antibody level. Then, RNA-seq was applied to explore the transcriptome of peripheral whole blood between the two comparison groups. As a result, several major upregulated and downregulated genes were identified and attributed to the regulation of locomotion, tissue development, immune response, and detoxification. In addition, the result of the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most DEGs were enriched in pathways related to disease, inflammation, and immune response, including antigen processing and presentation, Staphylococcus aureus infection, intestinal immune network for IgA production, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and complement and coagulation cascades. Moreover, six genes (BOLA-DQA5, C5, CXCL2, HBA, LTF, and COL1A1) were validated using RT-qPCR, which may provide information for genomic selection in breeding programs. These results broaden the knowledge of the immune response mechanism in dairy bulls, which has strong implications for breeding cattle with an enhanced AMIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxin Zhao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Ox Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hanpeng Luo
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Consortium for Innovative Bio-Breeding, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Longgang Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanqin Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jinhuan Dou
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junxing Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianbin Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 23788, Gongyebei Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yachun Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture of China, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Patyra E, Kwiatek K. Insect Meals and Insect Antimicrobial Peptides as an Alternative for Antibiotics and Growth Promoters in Livestock Production. Pathogens 2023; 12:854. [PMID: 37375544 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in animal production has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and the search for alternative antimicrobial agents in animal production. One such compound may be antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are characterized by, among others, a wide range of biocidal activity. According to scientific data, insects produce the largest number of antimicrobial peptides, and the changing EU legislation has allowed processed animal protein derived from insects to be used in feed for farm animals, which, in addition to a protein supplement, may prove to be an alternative to antibiotics and antibiotic growth promoters due to their documented beneficial impact on livestock health. In animals that were fed feeds with the addition of insect meals, changes in their intestinal microbiota, strengthened immunity, and increased antibacterial activity were confirmed to be positive effects obtained thanks to the insect diet. This paper reviews the literature on sources of antibacterial peptides and the mechanism of action of these compounds, with particular emphasis on insect antibacterial peptides and their potential impact on animal health, and legal regulations related to the use of insect meals in animal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Patyra
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feedingstuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57 Avenue, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Sharifi A, Sobhani K, Mahmoudi P. A systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a high-level antibiotic resistance of bovine mastitis Staphylococcus aureus in Iran. Res Vet Sci 2023; 161:23-30. [PMID: 37302281 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a frequent and major etiological agent of bacterial bovine mastitis, leading to high economic losses. This pathogen readily becomes resistant to many antibiotics, resulting in persistent noncurable intramammary infection (IMI) in animals and the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. aureus strains causing bovine mastitis in Iran according to published data from 2000 to 2021. As there is still a dearth of information on the AMR of S. aureus from Iranian bovine mastitis, the primary focus and subgroup analysis of the present study was performed on Iranian isolates. A systematic review was done according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Based on the initial search, 1006 article were identified. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplications, 55 English articles and 13 Persian articles (a total of 68 articles) were finally analyzed. The highest overall prevalence of resistance was reported against penicillin G (p-estimate = 0.568 for all isolates, and p-estimate = 0.838 for Iranian isolates), followed by ampicillin (p-estimate = 0.554, and p-estimate = 0.670 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively) and amoxicillin (p-estimate = 0.391, and p-estimate = 0.695 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively). Besides, the lowest prevalence of resistant isolates was related to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p-estimate = 0.108 and 0.118 for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively) and gentamycin (p-estimate = 0.163 and 0.190, for all isolates and Iranian isolates, respectively). Our analysis showed that the Iranian isolates were more resistant to all antibiotics than those of all isolates. This difference was significant in the case of penicillin G, ampicillin, and erythromycin at 5%. To the best of our knowledge, except for ampicillin, AMR has increased over time for all the studied antibiotics in Iranian isolates. This increased rate was significant for penicillin G, amoxicillin, and tetracycline (p < 0.1). No differences in AMR were detected regarding the mastitis types (clinical vs. subclinical mastitis) for almost evaluated antibiotics. In conclusion, the prevalence of AMR S. aureus isolated from IMI was high particularly for bovine mastitis used antibiotics like penicillin G and ampicillin. Additionally, according to the increasing rate of AMR S. aureus in recent years in Iran, control strategies should be reinforced to avoid the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Sharifi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
| | - Keyvan Sobhani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Peyman Mahmoudi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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de Jong E, McCubbin KD, Speksnijder D, Dufour S, Middleton JR, Ruegg PL, Lam TJGM, Kelton DF, McDougall S, Godden SM, Lago A, Rajala-Schultz PJ, Orsel K, De Vliegher S, Krömker V, Nobrega DB, Kastelic JP, Barkema HW. Invited review: Selective treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3761-3778. [PMID: 37080782 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of clinical mastitis (CM) and use of antimicrobials for dry cow therapy are responsible for the majority of animal-defined daily doses of antimicrobial use (AMU) on dairy farms. However, advancements made in the last decade have enabled excluding nonsevere CM cases from antimicrobial treatment that have a high probability of cure without antimicrobials (no bacterial causes or gram-negative, excluding Klebsiella spp.) and cases with a low bacteriological cure rate (chronic cases). These advancements include availability of rapid diagnostic tests and improved udder health management practices, which reduced the incidence and infection pressure of contagious CM pathogens. This review informed an evidence-based protocol for selective CM treatment decisions based on a combination of rapid diagnostic test results, review of somatic cell count and CM records, and elucidated consequences in terms of udder health, AMU, and farm economics. Relatively fast identification of the causative agent is the most important factor in selective CM treatment protocols. Many reported studies did not indicate detrimental udder health consequences (e.g., reduced clinical or bacteriological cures, increased somatic cell count, increased culling rate, or increased recurrence of CM later in lactation) after initiating selective CM treatment protocols using on-farm testing. The magnitude of AMU reduction following a selective CM treatment protocol implementation depended on the causal pathogen distribution and protocol characteristics. Uptake of selective treatment of nonsevere CM cases differs across regions and is dependent on management systems and adoption of udder health programs. No economic losses or animal welfare issues are expected when adopting a selective versus blanket CM treatment protocol. Therefore, selective CM treatment of nonsevere cases can be a practical tool to aid AMU reduction on dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen de Jong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J25 2M2
| | - Kayley D McCubbin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J25 2M2
| | - David Speksnijder
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Animal Health Clinic ULP, 3481 LZ Harmelen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Dufour
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J25 2M2; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J2S 2M2
| | - John R Middleton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211
| | - Pamela L Ruegg
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824
| | - Theo J G M Lam
- Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; GD Animal Health, 7400 AA Deventer, the Netherlands
| | - David F Kelton
- Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J25 2M2; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Scott McDougall
- Cognosco, Anexa, Morrinsville 3340, New Zealand; School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sandra M Godden
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108
| | | | - Päivi J Rajala-Schultz
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karin Orsel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Volker Krömker
- Section for Animal Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Diego B Nobrega
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - John P Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; Mastitis Network, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada J25 2M2.
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9
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Brouillette E, Millette G, Chamberland S, Roy JP, Ster C, Kiros T, Hickey S, Hittle L, Woolston J, Malouin F. Effective Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infection in a Murine Model Using the Bacteriophage Cocktail StaphLyse™. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040887. [PMID: 37112867 PMCID: PMC10145274 DOI: 10.3390/v15040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes intramammary infections (IMIs), which are refractory to antibiotic treatment and frequently result in chronic mastitis. IMIs are the leading cause of conventional antibiotic use in dairy farms. Phage therapy represents an alternative to antibiotics to help better manage mastitis in cows, reducing the global spread of resistance. A mouse mastitis model of S. aureus IMI was used to study the efficacy of a new cocktail of five lytic S. aureus-specific phages (StaphLyse™), administered either via the intramammary (IMAM) route or intravenously (IV). The StaphLyse™ phage cocktail was stable in milk for up to one day at 37 °C and up to one week at 4 °C. The phage cocktail was bactericidal in vitro against S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. A single IMAM injection of this cocktail given 8 h after infection reduced the bacterial load in the mammary glands of lactating mice infected with S. aureus, and as expected, a two-dose regimen was more effective. Prophylactic use (4 h pre-challenge) of the phage cocktail was also effective, reducing S. aureus levels by 4 log10 CFU per gram of mammary gland. These results suggest that phage therapy may be a viable alternative to traditional antibiotics for the control of S. aureus IMIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Brouillette
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Millette
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Suzanne Chamberland
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Roy
- Techniques de Santé Animale, Cégep de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K1, Canada
| | - Céline Ster
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Tadele Kiros
- Phileo by Lesaffre North America Office, 7475 West Main Street, Milwaukee, WI 53214, USA
| | | | | | | | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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10
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Fazoli KGZ, Rey LMR, Rúbio KAJ, Garcia Souza MA, Oliveira HMDS, Ribeiro DC, Pereira KRDJD, Kawamo DM, Gomes TKA, Silva IBD, Santos ICD, Ferreira LRDP, Rahal IL, Valle JSD, Ruiz SP, Faria MGI, Gazim ZC, Piau Junior R, Gonçalves DD. Resistance Profile of Bovine Mastitis Isolates, Presence of the mecA Gene and Identification of ESBL Producing Strains from Small Rural Dairy Properties. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071147. [PMID: 37048403 PMCID: PMC10093310 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland in response to invasion by opportunistic agents. Due to the high economic importance of dairy production and the complexity related to animal health, the objective of this work was to identify and evaluate the antibacterial resistance profile of samples of mastitis milk, milking hand and milking equipment from small rural dairy farms belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Five small, non-technical dairy farms in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Juranda and Tapejara, all belonging to the northwest region of the state of Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The properties had Holstein and/or crossbred herds, carried out a bucket-by-foot milking system and all had the presence of animals with subclinical mastitis confirmed by the California Mastitis Test. Samples of sterile swabs from the milking insufflators, the milking hand and milk samples were collected-and later, isolation tests and phenotypic characterization of the samples, sensitivity tests to antimicrobials and phenotypic tests for the detection of beta-producing strains were performed with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates and mecA gene research. Of the 199 samples collected from the 15 selected properties in the municipalities of Boa Esperança, Tapejara and Juranda, 72 (36.20%) were classified as multiresistant. Isolated from milkers' hands and milking machines, which phenotypically produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), the presence of the mecA gene was also observed in 11 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. of milk samples, machines and milking hands. Mastitis can be spread to the herd through the milking process by the milkers' instruments and hands, and adequate management measures can prevent its transmission and the conscious use of antibiotics decreases the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this work, different pathogenic bacteria were detected in mastitic milk, milking equipment and milking hand with a high percentage (36.20%) of isolates classified as multidrug resistant. In addition, the presence phenotypically (ESBL) and molecularly (mecA gene) of isolates carrying resistance genes was also verified. These results directly reflect on the health of the animals, the health of the workers and the health of the respective environment, which can enable the continuity of the propagation of the etiological agents involved in the mastitis infection. The awareness of producers and workers on these properties about the disease, transmission, sanitary aspects and adequate management and treatment are essential for improving milk production and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawany Gabrieli Zanetti Fazoli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Laisa Marina Rosa Rey
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Kariny Aparecida Jardim Rúbio
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Débora Cristina Ribeiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Miyuki Kawamo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Isadora Brito da Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Carvalho Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rafaela de Paula Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants in Primary Care, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Luiz Rahal
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Suelen Pereira Ruiz
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Zilda Cristiani Gazim
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Ranunlfo Piau Junior
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dib Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products, Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama 87502-210, PR, Brazil
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Silvestrini P, Beccaria C, Renna MS, Engler C, Simonutti V, Cellone I, Calvinho LF, Dallard BE, Baravalle C. In vitro evaluation of ginsenoside Rg1 immunostimulating effect in bovine mononuclear cells. Res Vet Sci 2023; 158:1-12. [PMID: 36898322 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on mammary secretion and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MSMC and PBMC, respectively). The mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4 and selected cytokines were evaluated on MSMC after Rg1 treatment. Also, TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression was evaluated on MSMC and PBMC after Rg1 treatment. Phagocytic activity and capacity, ROS production and MHC-II expression were evaluated on MSMC and PBMC after Rg1 treatment and co-culture with Staphylococcus aureus strain 5011. Rg1 induced mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in groups treated with different concentrations and at different times in MSMC, and induced TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression in MSMC and PBMC. Rg1 increased phagocytic capacity and ROS production in MSMC and PBMC. Rg1 increased MHC-II expression by PBMC. However, Rg1 pre-treatment had no effect on cells co-cultured with S. aureus. In conclusion, Rg1 was able to stimulate several sensing and effector activities in these immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Silvestrini
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Camila Beccaria
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - María S Renna
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Carolina Engler
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Valeria Simonutti
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ivana Cellone
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Luis F Calvinho
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONCET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Bibiana E Dallard
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Celina Baravalle
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICIVET-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, (UNL-CONICET), Argentina.
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12
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Genomic Evidence for Direct Transmission of mecC-MRSA between a Horse and Its Veterinarian. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020408. [PMID: 36830318 PMCID: PMC9952710 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bearing the mecC gene (mecC-MRSA) has been reported from animals and humans in recent years. This study describes the first mecC-MRSA isolates of human and equine origin in Hungary (two isolates from horses and one from a veterinarian, who treated one of the infected horses, but was asymptomatic). MRSA isolates were identified by cultivation and PCR detection of the species-specific spa gene and mecA/mecC methicillin resistance genes. The isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility testing, MLST, spa, SCCmec typing, PFGE and whole genome sequencing (WGS). All three isolates belonged to the ST130-t843-SCCmec XI genotype, and carried the mecC and blaZ genes. Apart from beta-lactam drugs, they were sensitive to all tested antibiotics. The isolates of the infected horse and its veterinarian had the same PFGE pulsotype and showed only slight differences with WGS. Hence, this is the first description of direct transmission of a mecC-carrying MRSA between a horse and its veterinarian. The emergence of mecC in the country highlights the importance of the appropriate diagnostics in MRSA identification.
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13
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Saeed SI, Vivian L, Zalati CWSCW, Sani NIM, Aklilu E, Mohamad M, Noor AAM, Muthoosamy K, Kamaruzzaman NF. Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:10. [PMID: 36641476 PMCID: PMC9840331 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND S. aureus is one of the causative agents of bovine mastitis. The treatment using conventional antimicrobials has been hampered due to the development of antimicrobial resistance and the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms and localize inside the host cells. OBJECTIVES Here, the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO), a carbon-based nanomaterial, was tested against the biofilms and intracellular S. aureus invitro. Following that, the mechanism for the intracellular antimicrobial activities and GO toxicities was elucidated. METHODS GO antibiofilm properties were evaluated based on the disruption of biofilm structure, and the intracellular antimicrobial activities were determined by the survival of S. aureus in infected bovine mammary cells following GO exposure. The mechanism for GO intracellular antimicrobial activities was investigated using endocytosis inhibitors. GO toxicity towards the host cells was assessed using a resazurin assay. RESULTS At 100 ug/mL, GO reduced between 30 and 70% of S. aureus biofilm mass, suggesting GO's ability to disrupt the biofilm structure. At 200 ug/mL, GO killed almost 80% of intracellular S. aureus, and the antimicrobial activities were inhibited when cells were pre-treated with cytochalasin D, suggesting GO intracellular antimicrobial activities were dependent on the actin-polymerization of the cell membrane. At < 250 ug/mL, GO enhanced the viability of the Mac-T cell, and cells were only affected at higher dosages. CONCLUSION The in vitro efficacy of GO against S. aureus in vitro suggested the compound could be further tested in Vivo to zrecognize its potential as one of the components of bovine mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia ,grid.442411.60000 0004 0447 7033Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, PO Box 155, Nyala, South Darfur State Sudan
| | - Liang Vivian
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - C. W. Salma C. W. Zalati
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Nani Izreen Mohd Sani
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Erkihun Aklilu
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - Maizan Mohamad
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
| | - An’ Amt Mohamed Noor
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17700 Jeli, Malaysia
| | - Kasturi Muthoosamy
- grid.440435.20000 0004 1802 0472Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman
- grid.444465.30000 0004 1757 0587Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine (NanoVet) Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan 16100 Pengkalan Chepa, Malaysia
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14
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Slowey R. Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1-23. [PMID: 36333144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent and growing problem worldwide, both for human and animal health. In the animal health sector actions have been taken as concerns grow regarding the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Mastitis is the most common infection in dairy cattle. We aimed to summarize the genetic determinants found in staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mastitic milk samples and provide a comparison of percentage resistance to a variety of antimicrobials in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Naranjo-Lucena
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C.
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C
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15
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Nemati G, Romanó A, Wahl F, Berger T, Rojo LV, Graber HU. Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: a European study of contagiousness and antimicrobial resistance. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1154550. [PMID: 37206433 PMCID: PMC10188956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1154550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In dairy herds managements, mastitis is the leading cause of economic losses. One of the most important pathogens responsible for intra-mammary infections is Staphylococcus aureus. The genetic properties of S. aureus have a strong influence on its pathogenicity and contagiousness. In this study, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive overview of the key bovine S. aureus clinical properties, such as contagiousness and antimicrobial resistance, present in European strains. For this, 211 bovine S. aureus strains from ten European countries that were used in a previous study were used in this study. Contagiousness was assessed using qPCR for the detection of the marker gene adlb. Antimicrobial resistance was evaluated using a broth microdilution assay and mPCR for the detection of genes involved in penicillin resistance (blaI, blaR1, and blaZ). It was found that adlb was present in CC8/CLB strains; however, in Germany, it was found in CC97/CLI and in an unknown CC/CLR strains. CC705/CLC strains from all countries were found to be susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Major resistance to penicillin/ampicillin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and tetracycline was detected. Resistance to oxacillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and cephalosporins was rarely observed. In addition, contagiousness and antibiotic resistance seem to correlate with different CCs and genotypic clusters. Hence, it is recommended that multilocus sequence typing or genotyping be utilized as a clinical instrument to identify the most appropriate antibiotic to use in mastitis treatment. Actualization of the breakpoints of veterinary strains is necessary to address the existing antibiotic resistance of the bacteria involved in veterinary mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Nemati
- Food Microbial Systems, Risk Assessment and Mitigation Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- Food Microbial Systems, Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ghazal Nemati
| | - Alicia Romanó
- Food Microbial Systems, Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Wahl
- Food Microbial Systems, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Food Microbial Systems, Risk Assessment and Mitigation Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vazquez Rojo
- Food Microbial Systems, Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Graber
- Food Microbial Systems, Microbiological Safety of Foods of Animal Origin Group, Agroscope, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Prack McCormick B, Quiroga MP, Álvarez VE, Centrón D, Tittonell P. Antimicrobial resistance dissemination associated with intensive animal production practices in Argentina: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:25-42. [PMID: 36137889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents has accelerated the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The association between antimicrobial-resistant infections in humans and antimicrobial use in agriculture is complex, but well-documented. This study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis of the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antimicrobials defined as critically important by the WHO, in swine, chicken, and cattle from intensive and extensive production systems in Argentina. We conducted searches in electronic databases (MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, the National System of Digital Repositories from Argentina) as well as in the gray literature. Inclusion criteria were epidemiological studies on AMR in the main food-transmitted bacteria, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., and mastitis-causing bacteria, isolated from swine, chicken, dairy and beef cattle from Argentina. This study gives evidence for supporting the hypothesis that AMR of common food-transmitted bacteria in Argentina is reaching alarming levels. Meta-analyses followed by subgroup analyses confirmed the association between the prevalence of AMR and (a) animal species (p<0.01) for streptomycin, ampicillin and tetracycline or (b) the animal production system (p<0.05) for streptomycin, cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, ampicillin and tetracycline. Moreover, swine (0.47 [0.29; 0.66]) and intensive production (0.62 [0.34; 0.83]) showed the highest pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance while dairy (0.056 [0.003; 0.524]) and extensive production (0.107 [0.043; 0.240]) showed the lowest. A research gap regarding beef-cattle from feedlot was identified. Finally, there is an urgent need for political measures meant to coordinate and harmonize AMR surveillance and regulate antimicrobial use in animal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Prack McCormick
- Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, RP N˚4 km 2 (1836), Llavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María P Quiroga
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2157 (PC 1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica E Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2157 (PC 1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Centrón
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Mecanismos de Resistencia a Antibióticos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Paraguay 2157 (PC 1121), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Tittonell
- Agroecology, Environment and Systems Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias de Bariloche, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IFAB, INTA-CONICET), Modesta Victoria 4450 - CC 277 (8400), San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina; Groningen Institute of Evolutionary Life Sciences, Groningen University, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Hoteit M, Yaghi J, El Khoury A, Daou R, Hindieh P, Assaf JC, Al Dawi J, El Khoury J, Al Jawaldeh A. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Bovine Raw Milk in Lebanon: A study on Antibiotic Usage, Antibiotic Residues, and Assessment of Human Health Risk Using the One Health Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121815. [PMID: 36551472 PMCID: PMC9774154 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence, persistence, and spread of antibiotic-resistant microbes is a tremendous public health threat that is considered nowadays a critical One Health issue. In Lebanon, the consumption of raw bovine milk has been recently reported as a result of the financial crisis. The objectives of the current study were (1) to evaluate raw bovine milk samples in a comprehensive manner for the types of antibiotics used and their residues, (2) to determine the presence of mesophilic bacteria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and (3) to determine the associated human health risk caused by drinking raw milk with antibiotic residues among all age categories. LC-MS-MS was used to carry out the analysis. From 200 milk samples, 30 (15%) were found contaminated with four major antibiotics. The highest average concentration detected was for oxytetracyline 31.51 ± 13.23 μg/kg, followed by 5.5 ± 0.55 μg/kg for gentamicin, 4.56 ± 0.73 μg/kg for colistin, and 4.44 ± 0.89 μg/kg for tylosin. The mean contamination among most samples was below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Upon comparison with the acceptable daily intake (ADI), the estimated daily intake (EDI) across all age groups was acceptable. The hazard quotient (HQ) was also below 1 across all age groups, signifying the absence of associated health risks for the Lebanese consumers. On the other hand, all milk samples were found exceeding the maximum tolerable value of mesophilic flora. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) were detected and represented by ESBL-producing E. coli and MRSA isolates. Thus, the greatest threat of antibiotic use in Lebanon does not fall under antibiotic residues but rather the proliferation of antibiotic resistance in potentially pathogenic bacteria. In this study, the virulence profile of detected bacteria was not investigated; thus their pathogenicity remains unknown. Therefore, to mitigate this health threat in Lebanon, a "One Health" action plan against ABR is required. It will provide a framework for continued, more extensive action to reduce the emergence and spread of ABR in Lebanon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Hoteit
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- PHENOL Research Group (Public HEalth Nutrition Program Lebanon), Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Nutrition Surveillance Center (LUNSC), Lebanese Food Drugs and Chemical Administrations, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- Lebanese University Medical Center, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Yaghi
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Andre El Khoury
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (A.E.K.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Rouaa Daou
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Pamela Hindieh
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Assaf
- Laboratoire de Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments (LMSA), Faculty des Sciences, University Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Campus des Sciences et Technologies, Mar Roukos, Matn, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jana Al Dawi
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Jennifer El Khoury
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 6573, Lebanon
| | - Ayoub Al Jawaldeh
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.E.K.); (A.A.J.)
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18
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Zhang J, Wang J, Jin J, Li X, Zhang H, Zhao C. Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk and dairy products worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Res Int 2022; 162:111969. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Filor V, Seeger B, de Buhr N, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Kietzmann M, Oltmanns H, Meißner J. Investigation of the pathophysiology of bacterial mastitis using precision-cut bovine udder slices. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:7705-7718. [PMID: 35879165 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis in cattle is a major health problem as well as incurring high costs for the dairy industry. To assess the suitability of precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) for bovine mastitis studies, we infected PCBUS with 2 different Staphylococcus aureus strains. Accordingly, we investigated both the tissue response to infection based on immune mediators at the mRNA and protein levels and the invasion of bacteria within the tissue. The studied proteins represent immune mediators of early inflammation [IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)] and showed a time-dependent increase in concentration. Infection of PCBUS with S. aureus resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF-α, C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, but not C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP), or S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) at the mRNA level. To compare the data acquired with this model, we carried out investigations on primary bovine mammary epithelial cells. Our results showed that the immune responses of both models-PCBUS and primary bovine mammary epithelial cells-were similar. In addition, investigations using PCBUS enabled us to demonstrate adherence of bacteria in the physiological cell network. These findings support the use of PCBUS in studies designed to further understand the complex pathophysiological processes of infection and inflammation in bovine mastitis and to investigate alternative therapies for mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Filor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - B Seeger
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology/Alternative/Complementary Methods to Animal Testing, University of Veterinary Medicine, 30273 Hannover, Germany
| | - N de Buhr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - M von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - H Oltmanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - J Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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20
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Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis in East Coast Malaysia. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131680. [PMID: 35804578 PMCID: PMC9264977 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S. aureus is the pathogen that is commonly associated with subclinical mastitis, causing significant economic losses to dairy farms. This infection responds poorly to antimicrobial treatment, which could be due to the development of AMR, biofilm formation, and the intracellular invasion of S. aureus into bovine mammary cells leading to treatment failure. Thus, it is important to understand the challenge of this problem. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in East Coast Malaysia. A total of 235 milk samples from dairy cows were collected from selected farms in Kelantan and Pahang. The samples were subjected to a somatic cell analysis to identify subclinical mastitis, followed by bacteria isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The isolated S. aureus were further analyzed for their ability to form biofilms and invade the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) in in vitro infections modeling using a gentamicin protection assay. The overall total of 74/235 (31.4%; 95% CI = 0.31; 0.32) of the milk samples demonstrated >200,000 somatic cells/mL, suggesting the presence of subclinical mastitis in the animals. A total of 39/235 (16.5%; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.17) of the milk samples harbored S. aureus which demonstrated resistance towards the following antimicrobials: penicillin (18/39, 46%), ampicillin (17/39, 43.6%), oxacillin (12/39, 31%), tetracycline (10/39, 26%), and erythromycin (7/39, 18%). AMR was recorded for a total of (17/39, 43.6%) of S. aureus isolates. All isolates formed biofilms, with (8/30, 27%) strongly biofilm-forming, (18/30, 60%) moderately biofilm-forming, and the remaining (4/30, 13%) of isolates weakly biofilm-forming. Interestingly, the AMR isolates appear to produce weak and moderate biofilm. Moreover, (6/20, 30%) of the S. aureus isolates were invasive towards MAC-T cells, as indicated by their ability to evade gentamicin treatment. The study demonstrated the presence of AMR, invasiveness, and biofilm formation in S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical mastitis. This characteristic presents additional challenges to existing antimicrobial therapy.
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21
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Silva V, Correia E, Pereira JE, González-Machado C, Capita R, Alonso-Calleja C, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus from Pets, Livestock, and Wild Animals: Relationship with Clonal Lineages and Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060772. [PMID: 35740178 PMCID: PMC9219840 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the biofilm formation ability of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a wide range of animals and study the association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages. A total of 214 S. aureus strains isolated from pets, livestock, and wild animals were evaluated regarding their ability to form biofilms by the microtiter biofilm assay and their structure via confocal scanning laser microscopy. Statistical analysis was used to find an association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, sequence types (STs), spa and agr-types of the isolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of 24 h-old biofilms was assessed against minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and 10× MIC of amikacin and tetracycline, and the biomass reduction was measured. The metabolic activity of biofilms after antimicrobial treatment was evaluated by the XTT assay. All isolates were had the ability to form biofilms. Yet, significant differences in biofilm biomass production were detected among animal species. Multidrug resistance had a positive association with biofilm formation as well as methicillin-resistance. Significant differences were also detected among the clonal lineages of the isolates. Both tetracycline and amikacin were able to significantly reduce the biofilm mass. However, none of the antimicrobials were able to eradicate the biofilm at the maximum concentration used. Our results provide important information on the biofilm-forming capacity of animal-adapted S. aureus isolates, which may have potential implications for the development of new biofilm-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Elisete Correia
- Center for Computational and Stochastic Mathematics (CEMAT), Department of Mathematics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Eduardo Pereira
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Camino González-Machado
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Rosa Capita
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Veterinary Faculty, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain; (C.G.-M.); (R.C.); (C.A.-C.)
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of León, E-24071 León, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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22
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Ajose DJ, Oluwarinde BO, Abolarinwa TO, Fri J, Montso KP, Fayemi OE, Aremu AO, Ateba CN. Combating Bovine Mastitis in the Dairy Sector in an Era of Antimicrobial Resistance: Ethno-veterinary Medicinal Option as a Viable Alternative Approach. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:800322. [PMID: 35445101 PMCID: PMC9014217 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.800322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is the traditional infectious condition in reared cattle which may result in serious repercussions ranging from animal welfare to economic issues. Owing to the high costs associated with preventative practices and therapeutic measures, lower milk output, and early culling, bovine mastitis is accountable for most of the financial losses suffered in cattle farming. Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and coliform bacteria are the predominant pathogens for bovine mastitis. In addition, the occurrence of BM has been linked to lactation stage and poor management, in the latter case, the poor stabling conditions around udder hygiene. BM occurs throughout the world, with varying rates of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in different regions. Despite the modern techniques, such as the appropriate milking practices that are applied, lower levels of pathogen vulnerability may help to prevent the development of the disease, BM treatment is primarily reliant on antibiotics for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, as a result of the proliferation of bacterial agents to withstand the antibiotic effects, these therapies have frequently proven ineffectual, resulting in persistent BM. Consequently, alternative medicines for the management of udder inflammation have been researched, notably natural compounds derived from plants. This review focuses on BM in terms of its risk factors, pathogenesis, management, the molecular identification of causative agents, as well as the application of ethno-veterinary medicine as an alternative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Bukola Opeyemi Oluwarinde
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Tesleem Olatunde Abolarinwa
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Justine Fri
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Kotsoana Peter Montso
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Omolola Esther Fayemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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23
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Freu G, Tomazi T, Filho AFS, Heinemann MB, dos Santos MV. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Recovered from Cows with Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Herds from Southeastern Brazil. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040424. [PMID: 35453176 PMCID: PMC9024692 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a contagious pathogen frequently associated with bovine mastitis in Brazil. Molecular characterization of Staph. aureus isolated from affected mammary quarters of cows with clinical mastitis (CM) can provide data on epidemiological behavior of this pathogen and antimicrobial susceptibility (AMS) assessment at the genotypic level. This study genotypically characterized Staph. aureus isolates recovered from cows with CM and determined the association of genotypes and AMS. A total of 84 Staph. aureus strains identified from affected mammary quarters of cows with CM in 13 dairy herds from Southeastern Brazil were submitted for susceptibility testing to 10 antimicrobials using the technique of minimal inhibitory concentration. The same isolates were also genotyped using the spa-typing methodology. Results showed a high genotypic similarity between the Staph. aureus isolates within and between herds, which were categorized as resistant to most antimicrobials, especially to β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, differences in AMS were observed among genotypic clusters, which may affect the efficacy of antimicrobials used to treat CM in different dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Freu
- Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil;
| | - Tiago Tomazi
- Technical Services, Merck Animal Health, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Antonio F. S. Filho
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (A.F.S.F.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Marcos B. Heinemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; (A.F.S.F.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Marcos V. dos Santos
- Milk Quality Research Laboratory (Qualileite), Department of Nutrition and Animal Production, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 13635-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3545-4240
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24
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Zhang C, Yang M. Antimicrobial Peptides: From Design to Clinical Application. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030349. [PMID: 35326812 PMCID: PMC8944448 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, brings public health issues and causes economic burden. Pathogenic bacteria develop several methods to resist antibiotic killing or inhibition, such as mutation of antibiotic function sites, activation of drug efflux pumps, and enzyme-mediated drug degradation. Antibiotic resistance components can be transferred between bacteria by mobile genetic elements including plasmids, transposons, and integrons, as well as bacteriophages. The development of antibiotic resistance limits the treatment options for bacterial infection, especially for MDR bacteria. Therefore, novel or alternative antibacterial agents are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) display multiple killing mechanisms against bacterial infections, including directly bactericidal activity and immunomodulatory function, as potential alternatives to antibiotics. In this review, the development of antibiotic resistance, the killing mechanisms of AMPs, and especially, the design, optimization, and delivery of AMPs are reviewed. Strategies such as structural change, amino acid substitution, conjugation with cell-penetration peptide, terminal acetylation and amidation, and encapsulation with nanoparticles will improve the antimicrobial efficacy, reduce toxicity, and accomplish local delivery of AMPs. In addition, clinical trials in AMP studies or applications of AMPs within the last five years were summarized. Overall, AMPs display diverse mechanisms of action against infection of pathogenic bacteria, and future research studies and clinical investigations will accelerate AMP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Zhang Z, Chen D, Lu X, Zhao R, Chen Z, Li M, Xu T, Mao Y, Yang Y, Yang Z. Directed Expression of Tracheal Antimicrobial Peptide as a Treatment for Bovine-Associated Staphylococcus Aureus-Induced Mastitis in Mice. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:700930. [PMID: 34671659 PMCID: PMC8520960 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.700930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is perplexing the dairy industry since the initiation of intensive dairy farming, which has caused a reduction in the productivity of cows and an escalation in costs. The use of antibiotics causes a series of problems, especially the formation of bacterial antimicrobial resistance. However, there are limited antibiotic-free therapeutic strategies that can effectively relieve bacterial infection of bovine mammary glands. Hence, in this study, we constructed a mammary gland tissue-specific expression vector carrying the antimicrobial peptide of bovine-derived tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) and evaluated it in both primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pBMECs) and mice. The results showed that the vector driven by the β-lactoglobulin gene (BLG) promoter could efficiently direct the expression of TAP in pBMECs and the mammary gland tissue of mice. In addition, significant antibacterial effects were observed in both in vitro and in vivo experiments when introducing this vector to bovine-associated Staphylococcus aureus-treated pBMECs and mice, respectively. This study demonstrated that the mammary gland tissue-specific expression vector could be used to introduce antimicrobial peptide both in in vitro and in vivo and will provide a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingxun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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26
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Hornik B, Czarny J, Staninska-Pięta J, Wolko Ł, Cyplik P, Piotrowska-Cyplik A. The Raw Milk Microbiota from Semi-Subsistence Farms Characteristics by NGS Analysis Method. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26165029. [PMID: 34443615 PMCID: PMC8402136 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiome of raw milk obtained from three semi-subsistence farms (A, B, and C) located in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. The composition of drinking milk was assessed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Ion Torrent platform. Based on the conducted research, significant changes in the composition of the milk microbiome were found depending on its place of origin. Bacteria belonging to the Bacillus (17.0%), Corynebacterium (12.0%) and Escherichia-Shigella (11.0%) genera were dominant in the milk collected from farm A. In the case of the milk from farm B, the dominant bacteria belonged to the Acinetobacter genus (21.0%), whereas in the sample from farm C, Escherichia-Shigella (24.8%) and Bacillus (10.3%) dominated the microbiome. An analysis was performed using the PICRUSt tool (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) in order to generate a profile of genes responsible for bacterial metabolism. The conducted analysis confirmed the diversity of the profile of genes responsible for bacterial metabolism in all the tested samples. On the other hand, simultaneous analysis of six KEGG Orthologs (KO), which participated in beta-lactam resistance responsible for antibiotic resistance of bacteria, demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the predicted occurrence of these orthologs and the place of existence of microorganisms. Therefore, it can be supposed that bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics occurs regardless of the environmental niche, and that the antibiotic resistance maintained in the population is a factor that shapes the functional structure of the microbial consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Hornik
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jakub Czarny
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Al. Mickiewicza 3/4, 85-071 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (B.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Justyna Staninska-Pięta
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Wolko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Paweł Cyplik
- Department Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618487284
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